Antimony tribromide

Antimony tribromide
Names
	IUPAC name tribromostibane
	Other names Antimony(III) bromide
Identifiers
CAS Number	7789-61-9 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image; Interactive image;
ChemSpider	23017 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.029.254
EC Number	232-179-8;
PubChem CID	24615;
RTECS number	CC4400000;
UNII	6PM239QD86;
UN number	1549
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID6064870 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/3BrH.Sb/h31H;/q;;;+3/p-3 Key: RPJGYLSSECYURW-UHFFFAOYSA-K ; InChI=1/3BrH.Sb.3H/h31H;;;;/q;;;+3;;;/p-3/r3BrH.H3Sb/h31H;1H3/q;;;+3/p-3 Key: BJUAQAQGPWXYGO-DAEPFFQNAU; InChI=1/3BrH.Sb/h31H;/q;;;+3/p-3 Key: RPJGYLSSECYURW-DFZHHIFOAI;
	SMILES [Br-].[Br-].[Br-].[SbH3+3]; Br[Sb](Br)Br;
Properties
Chemical formula	SbBr3
Molar mass	361.472 g/mol
Appearance	colorless to yellow crystals ; hygroscopic
Density	4.35 g/cm3
Melting point	96.6 °C (205.9 °F; 369.8 K)
Boiling point	288 °C (550 °F; 561 K)
Solubility in water	soluble,partial hydrolysis
Solubility	soluble in dilute HCl, HBr, CS2, acetone, benzene, chloroform, ammonia, alcohol
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	-115.0·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD)	1.74
Dipole moment	2.47 D
Structure
Crystal structure	Orthorhombic, oP16, SpaceGroup = Pnma, No. 62 (β form)
Thermochemistry
Heat capacity (C)	96 J/mol K
Std enthalpy of; formation (ΔfH⦵298)	-259 kJ/mol
Hazards
GHS pictograms
GHS Signal word	Warning
GHS hazard statements	H302, H332, H411
GHS precautionary statements	P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P301+312, P304+312, P304+340, P312, P330, P391, P501
	Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)	7000 mg/kg
	NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)	TWA 0.5 mg/m3 (as Sb)[1]
REL (Recommended)	TWA 0.5 mg/m3 (as Sb)[1]
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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	Infobox references

Antimony tribromide (Sb Br₃) is a chemical compound containing antimony in its +3 oxidation state.

Production

It may be made by the reaction of antimony with elemental bromine, or by the reaction of antimony trioxide with hydrobromic acid.

Alternatively, it can be prepared by the action of bromine on a mixture of antimony sulfide and antimony trioxide at 250 °C.

Uses

It can be added to polymers such as polyethylene as a fire retardant.[2] It is also used in the production of other antimony compounds, in chemical analysis, as a mordant, and in dyeing. [3]

Chemical properties

Antimony tribromide has two crystalline forms, both having orthorhombic symmetries. When a warm carbon disulfide solution of SbBr₃ is rapidly cooled, it crystallizes into the needle-like α-SbBr₃, which then slowly converts to the more stable β form.[4]

Antimony tribromide hydrolyzes in water to form hydrobromic acid and antimony trioxide:

2 SbBr₃ + 3 H₂O → Sb₂O₃ + 6 HBr

References

NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0036". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
Yang, Y. P.; D. G. Brewer; J. E. S. Venart (1991). "A study of the synergistic action of antimony oxide in fire-retardant polyethylene". Fire and Materials. 15: 37–42. doi:10.1002/fam.810150107.
"Antimony tribromide" http://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/chemical/2501
Okuda, Tsutomu; Terao, Hiromitsu; Ege, Osamu; Negita, Hisao (1970). "Structural Studies of Antimony Tribromide and Its Molecular Complex with Benzene by Means of the 81Br Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance". Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan. 43 (8): 2398. doi:10.1246/bcsj.43.2398.

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[PGCH-1] NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0036". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).

[2] Yang, Y. P.; D. G. Brewer; J. E. S. Venart (1991). "A study of the synergistic action of antimony oxide in fire-retardant polyethylene". Fire and Materials. 15: 37–42. doi:10.1002/fam.810150107.

[3] "Antimony tribromide" http://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/chemical/2501

[4] Okuda, Tsutomu; Terao, Hiromitsu; Ege, Osamu; Negita, Hisao (1970). "Structural Studies of Antimony Tribromide and Its Molecular Complex with Benzene by Means of the 81Br Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance". Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan. 43 (8): 2398. doi:10.1246/bcsj.43.2398.