Antony Blinken

Antony John Blinken (born April 16, 1962) is an American government official and diplomat serving as the United States secretary of state since January 26, 2021. He previously served as deputy national security advisor from 2013 to 2015 and deputy secretary of state from 2015 to 2017 under President Barack Obama.[1]

Antony Blinken
Official portrait, 2015
71st United States Secretary of State
Assumed office
January 26, 2021
PresidentJoe Biden
DeputyWendy Sherman (nominee)
Preceded byMike Pompeo
18th United States Deputy Secretary of State
In office
January 9, 2015 – January 20, 2017
PresidentBarack Obama
Preceded byWilliam Joseph Burns
Succeeded byJohn Sullivan
26th United States Deputy National Security Advisor
In office
January 20, 2013 – January 9, 2015
PresidentBarack Obama
Preceded byDenis McDonough
Succeeded byAvril Haines
National Security Advisor to the Vice President
In office
January 20, 2009 – January 20, 2013
Vice PresidentJoe Biden
Preceded byJohn P. Hannah
Succeeded byJake Sullivan
Personal details
Born
Antony John Blinken

(1962-04-16) April 16, 1962
Yonkers, New York, U.S.
Spouse(s)
​
(m. 2002)​
Children2
FatherDonald M. Blinken
Relatives
Education

During the Clinton administration, Blinken served in the State Department and in senior positions on the National Security Council from 1994 to 2001. He was a senior fellow at the Center for Strategic and International Studies from 2001 to 2002. He advocated for the 2003 invasion of Iraq while serving as the Democratic Staff Director of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee from 2002 to 2008.[2] He was a foreign policy advisor for Joe Biden's unsuccessful 2008 presidential campaign, before advising the Obama–Biden presidential transition.

From 2009 to 2013, Blinken served as Deputy Assistant to the President and National Security Advisor to the Vice President. He later served as Deputy National Security Advisor from 2013 to 2015 and Deputy Secretary of State from 2015 to 2017. During his tenure in the Obama administration, he helped craft U.S. policy on Afghanistan, Pakistan, and the nuclear program of Iran.[3][4] After leaving government service, Blinken moved into the private sector, co-founding WestExec Advisors, a consulting firm.

Early life and education

Blinken was born on April 16, 1962, in Yonkers, New York, to Jewish parents, Judith (Frehm) and Donald M. Blinken, the former United States Ambassador to Hungary.[5][6][7] His maternal grandparents were Hungarian Jews.[8] Blinken's uncle, Alan Blinken, served as the American ambassador to Belgium.[9][10] His paternal grandfather, Maurice Henry Blinken was an early backer of Israel who helped establish the American Palestine Institute, and commissioned an economic feasibility study which argued that an independent Jewish state was economically viable there.[11]

Blinken attended the Dalton School in New York City until 1971.[6] He then moved to Paris with his mother Judith and attorney Samuel Pisar, whom she married following her divorce from Donald. Pisar was the only Holocaust survivor of the 900 children of his Polish school, who had found refuge in a US tank after making a break into the forest from a Nazi death march.[12] In Paris, Blinken attended École Jeannine Manuel.[13]

Blinken attended Harvard University from 1980 to 1984,[14] where he majored in social studies and co-edited the weekly art magazine of The Harvard Crimson.[5][15][16] Blinken also wrote a number of articles on current affairs for the Crimson.[17][14] Blinken worked as an intern for The New Republic for around a year after graduating from Harvard.[6][14] He entered Columbia Law School in 1985 and earned his J.D. in 1988.[18][19] After graduation, he practiced law in New York City and Paris.[20] Blinken worked with his father Donald to raise funds for Michael Dukakis, the Democratic nominee in the 1988 United States presidential election.[5]

In his monograph Ally versus Ally: America, Europe, and the Siberian Pipeline Crisis (1987), Blinken argued that exerting diplomatic pressure on the Soviet Union during the Siberian pipeline crisis was less significant for American interests than maintaining strong relations between the United States and Europe.[21] Ally versus Ally was based on Blinken's undergraduate thesis.[15]

Early career

Clinton and Bush administrations

Blinken has held senior foreign policy positions in two administrations over two decades.[5] He was a member of the National Security Council (NSC) staff from 1994 to 2001.[22] From 1994 to 1998, Blinken was Special Assistant to the President and Senior Director for Strategic Planning and NSC Senior Director for Speechwriting.[23] From 1999 to 2001, he was Special Assistant to the President and Senior Director for European and Canadian Affairs.[24]

He supported the U.S.–led invasion of Iraq in 2003.[25][26] In 2002, Blinken was appointed staff director for the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, a position he served in until 2008.[22] Blinken assisted then-Senator Joe Biden, Chair of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, in formulating Biden's support for the U.S. invasion of Iraq, with Blinken characterizing the vote to invade Iraq as "a vote for tough diplomacy".[27]

In the years following the U.S. invasion and occupation of Iraq, Blinken assisted Biden in formulating a proposal in the Senate to establish in Iraq three independent regions divided along ethnic or sectarian lines. The proposal was overwhelmingly rejected at home, as well as in Iraq, where the prime minister opposed the partition plan.[28]

He was also a senior fellow at the Center for Strategic and International Studies. In 2008, Blinken worked for Joe Biden's presidential campaign,[5] and was a member of the Obama–Biden presidential transition team.[29]

Obama administration
Blinken, depicted in Situation Room, standing in blue shirt at the back of the room, during the Osama Bin Laden raid

From 2009 to 2013, Blinken was Deputy Assistant to the President and National Security Advisor to the Vice President. In this position he helped craft U.S. policy on Afghanistan, Pakistan, and the nuclear program of Iran.[3][4]

On November 7, 2014, President Obama announced that he would nominate Blinken for the deputy secretary post, replacing the retiring William Joseph Burns.[30] On December 16, 2014, Blinken was confirmed as Deputy Secretary of State by the Senate by a vote of 55 to 38.[31]

Of Obama's 2011 decision to kill Osama bin Laden, Blinken said "I've never seen a more courageous decision made by a leader".[32] A 2013 profile described him as "one of the government's key players in drafting Syria policy",[5] for which he served as a public face.[33] Blinken was influential in formulating the Obama administration's response to the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation in the aftermath of the 2014 Ukrainian revolution.[34][35]

Blinken supported the 2011 military intervention in Libya[33] and the supply of weapons to Syrian rebels.[36] He condemned the 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt and expressed support for the democratically elected Turkish government and its institutions, but also criticized the 2016–present purges in Turkey.[37] In April 2015, Blinken voiced support for the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen.[38] He said that "As part of that effort, we have expedited weapons deliveries, we have increased our intelligence sharing, and we have established a joint coordination planning cell in the Saudi operation centre."[39]

Blinken worked with Biden on requests for American money to replenish Israel's arsenal of Iron Dome interceptor missiles during the 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict.[40] In May 2015, Blinken criticized the persecution of Muslims in Myanmar and warned Myanmar's leaders about the dangers of anti-Muslim legislation,[41] saying that Rohingya Muslims "should have a path to citizenship. The uncertainty that comes from not having any status is one of the things that may drive people to leave."[42]

WestExec Advisors

In 2017, Blinken co-founded WestExec Advisors, a political strategy advising firm, with Michèle Flournoy, Sergio Aguirre, and Nitin Chadda.[43][44] WestExec's clients have included Google's Jigsaw, Israeli artificial-intelligence company Windward, surveillance drone manufacturer Shield AI, which signed a $7.2 million contract with the Air Force,[45] and "Fortune 100 types".[46] According to Foreign Policy, the firm's clientele includes "the defense industry, private equity firms, and hedge funds".[47] Blinken received almost $1.2 million in compensation from WestExec.[48]

In an interview with The Intercept, Flournoy described WestExec's role as facilitating relationships between Silicon Valley firms and the Department of Defense and law enforcement;[49] Flournoy and others compared WestExec to Kissinger Associates.[49][50]

Pine Island Capital Partners

Blinken, as well as other Biden transition team members Michele Flournoy, former Pentagon advisor, and Lloyd Austin, nominee for Secretary of Defense, are partners of private equity firm Pine Island Capital Partners,[51][52] a strategic partner of WestExec.[53] Pine Island's chairman is John Thain, the final chairman of Merrill Lynch before its sale to Bank of America.[54] Blinken went on leave from Pine Island in August 2020 to join the Biden campaign as a senior foreign policy advisor.[52] He said he would divest himself of his equity stake in Pine Island if confirmed for a position in the Biden administration.[53]

During the final stretch of Biden's presidential campaign, Pine Island raised $218 million for a Special purpose acquisition company (SPAC), a public offering to invest in "defense, government service and aerospace industries" and COVID-19 relief, which the firm's prospectus (initially filed with the U.S. SEC in September and finalized on November 13, 2020) predicted would be profitable as the government looked to private contractors to address the pandemic.[52] Thain said he chose the other partners because of their "access, network and expertise".[45]

In a December 2020 New York Times article raising questions about potential conflicts of interest between WestExec principals, Pine Island advisors, including Blinken, and service in the Biden administration, critics called for full disclosure of all WestExec/Pine Island financial relationships, divestiture of ownership stakes in companies bidding on government contracts or enjoying existing contracts, and assurances that Blinken and others recuse themselves from decisions that might advantage their previous clients.[45]

Blinken is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations.[55] As of 2020, he was a global affairs analyst for CNN.[56][57]

Secretary of State

On January 26, 2021, Blinken was confirmed as the United States Secretary of State by the Senate in a 78–22 vote.[58]

Nomination and tenure
Blinken sworn in as Secretary of State by Carol Z. Perez, Director General of the Foreign Service, on January 26, 2021

Blinken was a foreign policy advisor for Biden's 2020 presidential campaign.[59] On November 22, 2020, Bloomberg News reported that Biden had selected Blinken as his nominee for secretary of state.[60] These reports were later corroborated by The New York Times and other outlets.[28][61][60] On November 24, 2020, upon being announced as Biden's choice for secretary of state, Blinken stated that "[w]e can't solve all the world's problems alone" and "[w]e need to be working with other countries".[62] He had earlier remarked in a September 2020 interview with the Associated Press that "democracy is in retreat around the world, and unfortunately it's also in retreat at home because of the president taking a two-by-four to its institutions, its values and its people every day."[63]

On January 7, the State Department told diplomats to affirm Biden's victory.[64] On January 8, Secretary Mike Pompeo met with Secretary-designate Blinken.[65] By a vote of 15–3, Blinken's nomination was reported out of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee on January 25, with a final vote scheduled for January 26.[66] On January 26, Blinken was confirmed as Secretary of State by a vote of 78–22.[1] He was sworn in later that day.[67]

Foreign policy positions
Blinken and Joe Biden on a trip to Kosovo, 2009.

On June 17, 2020, Blinken said that Biden "would not tie military assistance to Israel to things like annexation or other decisions by the Israeli government with which we might disagree."[68] Blinken praised the Trump administration-brokered normalization agreements between Israel and Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates.[69][70]

On October 28, 2020, Blinken told the Jewish Insider that a Biden administration plans to "undertake a strategic review" of the relationship between the United States and Saudi Arabia "to make sure that it is truly advancing our interests and is consistent with our values".[71] Blinken told JI that Biden administration "will continue non-nuclear" sanctions against Iran "as a strong hedge against Iranian misbehavior in other areas."[69] Blinken said the Trump administration helped China by "weakening American alliances, leaving a vacuum in the world for China to fill, abandoning our values and giving China a green light to trample on human rights and democracy from Xinjiang to Hong Kong".[72]

Blinken spoke of the differences Biden has with India over Kashmir and the Citizenship Amendment Act that critics say discriminates against Muslims.[73] He supports extending the New START arms control treaty with Russia to limit the number of nuclear weapons deployed by both sides.[28][74] He criticized President Trump's decision to withdraw from the Iran nuclear deal.[75] Blinken told the Senate that he wanted a "longer and stronger" nuclear deal with Iran.[76] In October 2020, The New York Times described Blinken as "ha[ving] Biden's ear on policy issues".[77]

In the confirmation hearing for his nomination as secretary of state, Blinken stated that a Biden State Department would keep the American embassy to Israel in Jerusalem and would seek a two-state solution to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.[78]

Crediting the Trump administration's hawkish approach on China,[79] he characterized the PRC as a "techno-autocracy" which seeks world dominance, indicated a desire to welcome political refugees from Hong Kong, stated that Biden administration's commitment to Taiwan's defense would "absolutely endure", and that a PRC attack on the island "would be a grievous mistake on their part".[80] Blinken stated that China is committing genocide and crimes against humanity against Uyghur Muslims and other ethnic minorities in its northwestern region of Xinjiang.[81] He stated that cooperation between India and the United States on issues including climate change was a plausible prospect.[82]

In response to questions from Senate Foreign Relations Committee chair Bob Menendez regarding the Eastern Mediterranean Security and Energy Partnership Act, Blinken indicated American interest in robust ties between herself, Greece, Israel, and Cyprus.[83] Furthermore stating that "we are very clear eyed" about the problems posed by an expansionist Turkey, which is "not acting like an ally", Antony Blinken indicated that he would consider sanctioning Erdogan's government.[84]

During his response to junior United States Senator from Kentucky Rand Paul Blinken reaffirmed his support for keeping the NATO's door open for Georgia, a country in the Caucasus, and raised the argument that countries that have joined NATO have not been targets of "Russian aggression".[85]

Blinken said that the Biden administration will "review" security assistance to Azerbaijan due to the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war between Azerbaijan and Armenia over the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh. He voiced support for "the provision to Armenia of security assistance".[86]

Blinken meets with U.S. Special Representative for Afghanistan Reconciliation, Zalmay Khalilzad, February 2021

In 2015, Blinken said judging between Turkey and the Syrian Kurdish YPG was "not even a matter of discussion" since Turkey is "an important U.S. ally".[87] He criticized President Trump's decision to withdraw U.S. troops from northern Syria.[40]

In October 2020, Blinken opposed Turkish president Recep Erdogan's call for "a two-state solution in Cyprus", stating that the Biden administration is committed to reunification of Cyprus.[37][88]

On November 19, 2020, Blinken expressed concern over reports of escalating ethnic tensions in Ethiopia's Tigray Region and urged peaceful resolution of the Tigray conflict.[89]

Blinken has referred to Brexit as a "total mess".[90] Blinken expressed concern over perceived human rights violations in Egypt under the presidency of Abdel Fattah el-Sisi.[91] He condemned the arrest of three employees for the Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights organization, and tweeted that "meeting with foreign diplomats is not a crime. Nor is peacefully advocating for human rights."[92] Blinken characterized President Trump's trade deal with China as "a debacle".[93] He said that it was unrealistic to "fully decouple" from China.[94] He has expressed support for "stronger economic ties with Taiwan".[95]

Personal life

Blinken is Jewish.[96] In 2002, Blinken married Evan Ryan in a bi-denominational ceremony officiated by a rabbi and priest at Holy Trinity Catholic Church in Washington, D.C.[18][5], and they have two children together.[97] He is fluent in French.[98] He plays guitar and has three songs available on Spotify by the alias ABlinken[99] (pronounced like "Abe Lincoln").[100]

See also

Publications
  • Blinken, Antony J. (1987). Ally versus Ally: America, Europe, and the Siberian Pipeline Crisis. New York: Praeger. ISBN 0-275-92410-6. OCLC 14359172.[5]
  • Blinken, Antony J. (2001). "The False Crisis Over the Atlantic". Foreign Affairs. 80 (3): 35–48. doi:10.2307/20050149. JSTOR 20050149.
  • Blinken, Antony J. (June 2002). "Winning the War of Ideas". The Washington Quarterly. 25 (2): 101–114. doi:10.1162/01636600252820162. ISSN 0163-660X. S2CID 154183240.
  • Blinken, Antony J. (December 2003). "From Preemption to Engagement". Survival. 45 (4): 33–60. doi:10.1080/00396330312331343576. ISSN 0039-6338. S2CID 154077314.

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Government offices
Preceded by
John P. Hannah		 National Security Advisor to the Vice President
2009–2013		 Succeeded by
Jake Sullivan
Preceded by
Denis McDonough		 United States Deputy National Security Advisor
2013–2015		 Succeeded by
Avril Haines
Preceded by
William Joseph Burns		 United States Deputy Secretary of State
2015–2017		 Succeeded by
John Sullivan
Political offices
Preceded by
Mike Pompeo		 United States Secretary of State
2021–present		 Incumbent
U.S. order of precedence (ceremonial)
Preceded by
Ambassadors of the United States to international organizations		 Order of precedence of the United States
as Secretary of State		 Succeeded by
Ambassador to the United States
U.S. presidential line of succession
Preceded by
Patrick Leahy
as President pro tempore of the U.S. Senate		 4th in line
as Secretary of State		 Succeeded by
Janet Yellen
as Secretary of Treasury
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