Guarulhos

Guarulhos (Portuguese pronunciation: [ɡwaˈɾuʎus]) is a Brazilian municipality. It is the second most populous city in the Brazilian state of São Paulo, the 13th most populous city in Brazil, and is also the most populous city in the country that is not a state capital. In the last few years it has outgrown Campinas. It is part of the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo.[2] The population is 1,392,121 (2020 est.) in an area of 318.68 km2.[3] It is the most populous non-capital city in the country and has the second-largest GDP in the state, the 8th largest in the country.

This article is about the city. For the airport, see São Paulo–Guarulhos International Airport.

Guarulhos
Municipality
The Municipality of Guarulhos
Skyline
Flag
Coat of arms
Nickname(s): 
Cidade Progresso (Progress City)
Location of Guarulhos
Guarulhos
Location in Brazil
Coordinates: 23°27′46″S 46°31′58″W
Country Brazil
RegionSoutheast
State São Paulo
Demonymguarulhense
FoundedDecember 8, 1560
Government
 • MayorGustavo Henric Costa (PSD)
Area
 • Total318.68 km2 (123.04 sq mi)
Elevation
759 m (2,490 ft)
Population
 (2020 [1])
 • Total1,392,121
 • Density4,400/km2 (11,000/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC-3 (BRT)
 • Summer (DST)UTC-2 (BRST)
Postal Code
07000-000
Area code(s)+55 11
WebsiteGuarulhos, São Paulo

Overview
São Paulo-Guarulhos International Airport

The name comes from the Tupi language, and means "Eaters", "big-bellied people"; a reference to the original indigenous inhabitants of the area.

It ranks 8th by GDP among Brazilian cities; 2nd in São Paulo state. (source:IBGE, Brazil's national institute of statistics. GDP by cities report, published in 2005 with data from 2002). It is the 10th largest suburb in the world. The per capita income for the municipality is R$12,793. São Paulo-Guarulhos International Airport (GRU), one of the main Brazilian airports, is located there. The city is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Guarulhos.

The municipality contains part of the 7,917 hectares (19,560 acres) Cantareira State Park, created in 1962, which protects a large part of the metropolitan São Paulo water supply.[4] It also contains part of the 292,000 hectares (720,000 acres) Mananciais do Rio Paraíba do Sul Environmental Protection Area, created in 1982 to protect the sources of the Paraíba do Sul river.[5]

History

Guarulhos was founded on December 8, 1560 by the Jesuit priest Manuel de Paiva and entitled Nossa Senhora da Conceição. Its origin is linked to five other small villages that were in charge of defending the boundaries of São Paulo de Piratininga Village against the Tamoios, a wild tribe of Indians that lived in that region.[6]

In the 16th Century, Guarulhos was a strategic location: bordered the future São Paulo’s Capital and surrounded by the rivers Tietê (south), and Cabuçu (east). On that same period was established, for similar purposes, São Miguel Village, called nowadays São Miguel Paulista District.

In 1880, Guarulhos was emancipated from São Paulo and named Nossa Senhora da Conceição dos Guarulhos. Its current name, Guarulhos was adopted later, after the enactment of the law # 1.021, on November 6, 1906.

At the beginning of the twentieth century the city was remarked by the settlement of railroads and the power electricity system (Light & Power C.O.), by numerous requests for the implantation of a telephone system, industrial buildings permits, by commercial activities and public transportation.

During the 1930s, the city witnessed the actions of the Federal Intervention, and the Constitutional Movement (Reflections of the Revolution that marked the end of the "Old Republic" during the 1930s in Brazil).

In 1940 the Monteiro Lobato Municipal Library is founded, in 1941 the first Health Center of the city, and ten years after that the Holy House of Mercy of Guarulhos is established. On that decade arrive in the municipality Industries from different sectors: electricity; metallurgy; plastics; food; rubber; footwear; vehicles; clocks and leather.[6]

In 1945 the São Paulo’s Air Base (BASP) was transferred from the Campo de Marte, a little airport in São Paulo, to Cumbica neighborhood in Guarulhos.

In 1958 the Rotary Club establishes a branch in the city.

The Municipal Conservatory of Guarulhos is founded in 1961.

In 1963 the Commercial & Industrial Association of Guarulhos is founded, nowadays the institution is called Commerce & Business Association of Guarulhos (Associação Comercial e Empresarial de Guarulhos – ACE).

With the big boom of the Industrial sector, a large number of manpower was drawn. This new population settled themselves in urban area on a continuous process of land occupation. At this rate the population grew from 35,000 in 1950 to 101,000 in 1960, from 237,000 in 1970 to 532,726 in 1980. Most of these citizens devoted themselves to Industrial activities in Guarulhos (that hosts around 2,000 establishments), and São Paulo.[7]

In 1985 the Cumbica Airport is opened.[8] Today it is called "International Airport of São Paulo–Guarulhos Governor André Franco Montoro" (Aeroporto Internacional de São Paulo–Guarulhos Governador André Franco Montoro), the second-biggest airport in Latin America.[9]

Between 2000 and 2006 its population grew three times as much as São Paulo State. According to IBGE, Guarulhos is the second most populous city in the State after São Paulo Capital. Most of its population is economically active and evenly distributed in terms of gender.[10]

Notable residents

Climate

Climate is characterized by relatively high temperatures and evenly distributed precipitation throughout the year. The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is "Cfa" (Humid Subtropical Climate).[11]

Climate data for Guarulhos
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 27
(81)		 28
(83)		 27
(80)		 25
(77)		 23
(73)		 22
(71)		 21
(70)		 22
(72)		 23
(73)		 24
(76)		 26
(79)		 27
(80)		 25
(76)
Average low °C (°F) 20
(68)		 20
(68)		 19
(67)		 18
(64)		 14
(58)		 13
(56)		 12
(53)		 12
(54)		 14
(57)		 16
(61)		 18
(64)		 18
(65)		 16
(61)
Average precipitation days 14 9 11 6 7 7 6 7 9 10 10 13 109
Source: Weatherbase [12]

Transport

The main highway to serve Guarulhos is the Rodovia Presidente Dutra, from São Paulo to Rio de Janeiro.

In 2018, the Companhia Paulista de Trens Metropolitanos commuter rail system's Line 13–Jade[13] was opened, connecting São Paulo–Guarulhos International Airport with Engenheiro Goulart. In 2021, construction will begin on the first line of the São Paulo Metro to serve Guarulhos, Line 19–Sky Blue.[14]

See also

References
  1. IBGE 2020
  2. Lei Complementar nº 1.139, de 16 de junho de 2011
  3. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística
  4. Leonel, Cristiane (June 2009), Plano de Manejo do Parque Estadual da Cantareira: Resumo Executivo (PDF) (in Portuguese), SEMA/SP, p. vi, retrieved 2016-12-10
  5. Unidade de Conservação: Área de Proteção Ambiental Bacia Hidrográfica do Paraíba do Sul (in Portuguese), MMA: Ministério do Meio Ambiente, retrieved 2016-10-01
  6. "História da Cidade" (in Portuguese). novo.guarulhos.sp.gov.br/. Archived from the original on 2011-05-27. Retrieved 2011-05-30.
  7. "IBGE Cidades Guarulhos-SP Histórico" (in Portuguese). www.ibge.gov.br/. Retrieved 2011-05-30.
  8. Kishi, Massami. "GUarulhos sec. XX". guaru.com.br/. Archived from the original on 2011-10-28. Retrieved 2011-05-30.
  9. OAG MAX Online. "Top 100 Airports by Seat Capacity Available on International Departing Flights". Archived from the original on 2008-06-12. Retrieved 2011-05-30.
  10. "IBGE Cidades Guarulhos-SP População" (in Portuguese). www.ibge.gov.br/. Retrieved 2011-05-30.
  11. Climate Summary for Guarulhos
  12. "Weatherbase.com". 2013. Retrieved on July 29, 2013.
  13. "Trem de Guarulhos" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 March 2012. Retrieved 4 June 2011.
  14. "São Paulo Metro begins studies to build Line 19". 6 August 2019. Retrieved 6 August 2019.

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