Irish exonyms
This is list of Irish language exonyms for places outside Ireland. The tables contain both exonym and endonym of places around the world. The exonyms in Irish and the endonyms in their regional language.
Algeria
Algeria an Ailgéir | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Algiers | Cathair na hAilgéire | Al Jāza'ir (الجزائر) | Standard Arabic | |
Dzayer | Berber |
Belgium
Belgium an Bheilg | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Antwerp | Antuairp | Antwerpen | Dutch | |
Brussels | an Bhruiséil | Brussel | Dutch | |
Bruxelles | French | |||
Flanders | Flóndras | Vlaanderen | Dutch | |
Leuven | Lováin | Leuven | Dutch | Site of St Anthony's College, Leuven, a centre of Irish learning and culture on the Continent |
Ostend | Ostainn | Oostende | Dutch | |
Wallonia | an Vallúin | Wallonie | French | |
Walonreye | Walloon |
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina an Bhoisnia agus Heirseagaivéin | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Sarajevo | Sairéavo | Sarajevo (Сарајево) | Bosnian |
Canada
Canada Ceanada | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Labrador | (Leithinis) Labradar | Labrador | English, French | |
Nunatsuak | Inuttitut | |||
Newfoundland | Talamh an Éisc | Ikkarumikluak | Inuttitut | Irish name means "fishing grounds"; Newfoundland was settled by large numbers of Irish emigrants |
Newfoundland | English | |||
Terre-Neuve | French | |||
Nova Scotia | Albain Nua | Alba Nuadh | Scottish Gaelic | |
Nouvelle-Écosse | French | |||
Nova Scotia | English |
China
China an tSín | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Beijing | Bésing | Beijing (北京) | Mandarin | |
Tibet | Tibéid | Bhö (བོད) | Tibetan |
Croatia
Croatia an Chróit | |||
---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes |
Dalmatia | an Dalmáit | Dalmacija | |
Zagreb | Ságrab | Zagreb |
Cyprus
Cyprus an Chipir | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endony | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Nicosia | an Leafcóis; an Nicóis | Lefkosía | Greek | |
Lefkoşa | Turkish |
Czechia
Czechia an tSeic | |||
---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes |
Bohemia | an Bhohéim | Čechy | |
Prague | Prág | Praha |
Denmark
Denmark an Danmhairg | |||
---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes |
Copenhagen | Cóbanhávan | København | |
Jutland | an Iútlainn | Jylland | |
Zealand | an tSéalainn | Sjælland |
France
France an Fhrainc | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | French place | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Bordeaux | Bordghal | Bordeaux | French | |
Bordèu | Gascon | From Latin Burdigula[1] | ||
Brittany | an Bhríotáin | Breizh | Breton | |
Bretagne | French | |||
Burgundy | an Bhurgúin | Bourgogne | French | |
Corsica | an Chorsaic | Corse | French | |
Corsica | Italian | |||
Lorraine | an Lorráin | Lorraine | French | |
Lottringe | West Franconian | |||
Louréne | Lorrain | |||
Normandy | an Normainn | Normandie | French | |
Normaundie | Norman | |||
Paris | Páras | Paris | French |
Germany
Germany an Ghearmáin | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Bavaria | an Bhaváir | Bayern | German | |
Saxony | an tSacsain |
United Kingdom
Great Britain | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Aberdeen | Obar Dheathain | Obar Dheathain | Scottish Gaelic | |
Bristol | Briostó | Bristol | English | |
Cardiff | Caedydd | Caerdydd | Welsh | |
Carlisle | Cathair Luail | Carlise | English | |
Coatbridge | Drochaid an Chóta | Drochaid a' Chòta | Scottish Gaelic | |
Cornwall | an Chorn | Kernow | Cornish | |
Corn na Breataine | ||||
Douglas | Dúlais | Doolish | Manx | |
Glasgow | Glaschú | Glaschu | Scottish Gaelic | |
Dundee | Dún Déagh | Dùn Dèagh | Scottish Gaelic | |
Edinburgh | Dún Éideann | Dùn Èideann | Scottish Gaelic | |
England | Sasana | England | English | From Old Irish Saxain (“Saxons, England”).[2][3] |
Guernsey | Geansaí | |||
Hebrides | Inse Ghall | na h-Innse Gall | Scottish Gaelic | |
Inverness | Inbhear Nis | Inbhir Nis | Scottish Gaelic | |
Isle of Man | Manainn | Mannin | Manx | Translation Oileán Mhanann (from Manx: Ellan Vannin) also used |
Isle of Wight | Inis Iocht | Isle of Wight | English | |
Jersey | Geirsí | |||
Liverpool | Learpoll, Learpholl | Liverpool | English | |
London | Londain | London | English | |
Manchester | Manchain | Manchester | English | |
Orkney | Inse Orc | Arcaibh | Scottish Gaelic | |
Oxford | Áth na nDamh | Oxford | English | Calque, literally "ford of the oxen" |
Scotland | Albain | Alba | Scottish Gaelic | See Alba |
Stirling | Sruighle | Sruighlea | Scottish Gaelic | English name also used in Irish |
Wales | an Bhreatain Bheag | Cymru | Welsh | Literally "Little Britain" or "Lesser Britain."[4] |
York | Eabhrac | York | English | From the Latin Eboracum. |
Greece
Greece an Ghréig | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Language | Notes | |||
Athens | an Aithin | |||
Crete | an Chréit | |||
Rhodes | Ródas | |||
Thessaloniki | Teasaloinicé |
India
India an India, an Ind | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Delhi | Deilí | |||
Kolkata | Calcúta |
Indonesia
Indonesia Indinéis | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Jakarta | Iacárta | Jakarta | Indonesian |
Israel
Israel an Iosrael | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Jerusalem | Iarúsailéim | Al-Quds | Arabic | From Latin Ierusalem. The earliest Irish form is Old Irish Hierosalem, from the 8th-century poems of Blathmac mac Con Brettan. |
Yerushalayim (ירושלים) | Hebrew |
Italy
Italy an Iodáil | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Florence | Flórans | |||
Lombardy | an Lombaird | |||
Milan | Milan/ Milano[5] | |||
Piedmont | Píodmant | |||
Rome | an Róimh | |||
Sardinia | an tSairdín | |||
Sicily | an tSicil | |||
Tuscany | an Tuscáin | |||
Venice | an Veinéis |
Lithuania
Lithuania an Liotuáin | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Vilnius | Vilnias | Vilnius | Lithuanian |
Poland
Poland an Pholainn | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Warsaw | Vársá | Warzawa | Polish |
Portugal
Portugal an Phortaingéil | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Lisbon | Liospóin | Lisboa | Portuguese | |
Madeira | Maidéara |
Romania
Romania an Rómáin | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Bucharest | Búcairist | Bucureşti | Romanian |
Russia
Russia an Rúis | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Moscow | Moscó | Moskva | Russian | |
Saint Petersburg | Cathair Pheadair | Sankt Peterburg | Russian | |
Siberia | an tSibéir | |||
Ural | an Úrail |
South Korea
South Korea an Chóiré Theas | |||
---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes |
Seoul | Súl |
Spain
Spain an Spáinn | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
A Coruña | an Choróin | Obsolete | ||
Cathair na Cruinne | ||||
Aragon | an Aragóin | |||
Galicia | an Ghailís | |||
Mallorca | Mallarca | |||
Menorca | Mionarca | |||
Seville | Seville |
Sweden
Sweden an tSualainn | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Götaland | an Ghotlann | Götaland | Swedish | |
Stockholm | Stócólm | Stockholm | Swedish |
Switzerland
Switzerland an Eilvéis | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Geneva | an Ghinéiv | Genf | German | |
Genève | French |
Syria
Syria an tSiria | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Damascus | an Damaisc | Dimašq | Standard Arabic |
Ukraine
Ukraine an Úcráin | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Crimea | an Chrimé | |||
Kiev | Cív | Kyiv | Ukrainian |
United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates Aontas na nÉimíríochtaí Arabacha | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Abu Dhabi | Abú Daibí |
United States
United States Stáit Aontaithe | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Boston | Bostún | Boston | English | |
Hawai'i | Haváí | Hawai'i | English, Hawaiian | |
New York City | Nua-Eabhrac | New York City | English | From the Latin Eboracum, the old name for York, England. |
Vietnam
Vietnam Vítneam | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
Name | Language | |||
Hanoi | Hanáí | Hà Nội | Vietnamese |
References
- téarma.ie – Téarma – the National Terminology Database for Irish, developed by Fiontar (Dublin City University) in collaboration with An Coiste Téarmaíochta (Foras na Gaeilge)
- Molloy, Cian (2002). The Story of the Irish Pub. The Liffey Press. p. 14.
- "Rerum Britannicarum Medii Ævi Scriptores, Or, Chronicles and Memorials of Great Britain and Ireland During the Middle Ages". Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans and Roberts. September 18, 1887 – via Google Books.
- O'Curry, Eugene (July 20, 1878). "Lectures on the Manuscript Materials of Ancient Irish History: Delivered at the Catholic University of Ireland, During the Sessions of 1855 and 1856". William A. Hinch – via Google Books.
- McGarry, Patsy. "In a Word . . . Wales". The Irish Times.
- "Milan". tearma.ie - Dictionary of Irish Terms - Foclóir Téarmaíochta. Fiontar. Retrieved 8 February 2016.
See also
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