List of NRO launches

This is a list of NRO Launch (NROL) designations, i.e. satellites operated by the United States National Reconnaissance Office. Those missions are generally classified, so that their exact purposes and orbital elements are not published. However, amateur astronomers have managed to observe most of the satellites, and leaked information has led to the identification of many of the payloads.

The National Reconnaissance Office logo

Launch statistics

Launch vehicle families
  •   Titan
  •   Atlas
  •   Taurus/Minotaur
  •   Delta
  •   Falcon
  •   Electron
  •   Antares

Launch sites
  •   Vandenberg (CA)
  •   Cape Canaveral (FL)
  •   Kennedy (FL)
  •   Wallops Island (VA)
  •   Mahia (New Zealand)

Launch history
Launch
designation		 Payload
nickname		 Satellite
designation		 Date/Time (UTC) Launch site Rocket Orbit Project Function Status Patch Remarks
L-1 Nemesis[1] USA-179 31 August 2004
23:17[2]		 CCAFS, SLC-36A[2] Atlas IIAS 38,979 x 1,390km x 63.6° (Molniya)[3] Quasar 15[4] Communications Entered service, status unknown
L-2 USA-129 20 December 1996
18:04		 VAFB, SLC-4E Titan IV LEO KH-11 12[5] Optical imaging Deorbited Reentered on May 1, 2014.[6][7]
L-3 USA-133 24 October 1997
02:32		 VAFB, SLC-4E Titan IV 679 x 666km x 57° (LEO)[8] Lacrosse 3 Synthetic-aperture radar Entered service, status unknown
L-4 Oscar USA-136 8 November 1997
02:05		 CCAFS, SLC-41 Titan IV/Centaur 36,346 x 4,026km x 63.5° (Molniya)[9] Trumpet 3[10] ELINT Entered service, status unknown
L-5 Capricorn[1] USA-137 29 January 1998
18:37		 CCAFS, SLC-36A Atlas IIA Molniya Quasar 12[4] Communications Entered service, status unknown
L-6 Jack USA-139[11] 9 May 1998
01:38		 CCAFS, SLC-40 Titan IV/Centaur 35,964 x 35,623km x 8.4° (GSO)[12] Orion 4[13] SIGINT Entered service, presumed active
L-7 Elwood N/A 12 August 1998
11:30		 CCAFS, SLC-41 Titan IV/Centaur GSO (planned) Mercury ELINT Destroyed "Cheers! Saving the Best for Last!!" Rocket self-destructed 40 seconds into launch due to guidance problem.[14]
L-8 USA-140, USA-141 3 October 1998
10:04		 VAFB, LC-576E Taurus 1110 LEO STEX Technology Entered service, status unknown ATEX experiment jettisoned on 16 January 1999 and catalogued as USA-141.
L-9 USA-144[1] 22 May 1999
09:36[15]		 VAFB, SLC-4E[15] Titan IVB Misty Optical imaging Entered service, status unknown First Titan IV-B launch from VAFB.
L-10 Ursa Major[1]
(Great Bear)		 USA-155 6 December 2000
02:47[2]		 CCAFS, SLC-36A Atlas IIAS 35,826 x 35,761km x 9.1° (GSO)[16] Quasar 13[4] Communications Entered service, presumed active
L-11 Onyx / Vega USA-152 17 August 2000
23:45		 VAFB, SLC-4E Titan IVB 695 x 689km x 68° (LEO)[8] Lacrosse 4 SAR Entered service, status unknown

L-12 Aquila[1] USA-162 11 October 2001
02:32[2]		 CCAFS, SLC-36B Atlas IIAS 35,803 x 35,785km x 10.9° (GSO)[17] Quasar 14[4] Communications Entered service, presumed active
L-13 Gemini[1] USA-160 8 September 2001
15:25		 VAFB, SLC-3E[2] Atlas IIAS 1,476 x 750km x 63.4° (LEO)[18] Intruder 5A & 5B[19] Naval reconnaissance Entered service, status unknown Two satellites.
L-14 USA-161 5 October 2001
21:21		 VAFB, SLC-4E Titan IVB LEO KH-11 13[5] Optical reconnaissance Deorbited Reentered in November 2014.[20][21]
L-15 USA-237 29 June 2012
13:15[22]		 CCAFS, SLC-37B Delta IV Heavy
(first RS-68A upgrade)		 35,961 x 35,627km x 2.7° (GSO)[23] Orion 8[24] SIGINT Entered service, presumed active
L-16 Prometheus USA-182[11] 30 April 2005
00:50[25]		 CCAFS, SLC-40 Titan IVB 732 x 721km x 57.0° (LEO)[26] Lacrosse 5[8] SAR Entered service, status unknown
L-17 GeoLITE[1] USA-158 18 May 2001
17:45[27]		 CCAFS, SLC-17B Delta II 7925-9.5 GSO GeoLITE Technology demonstration Retired Boosted to graveyard orbit after end of mission.[28] Testbed for experimental laser and UHF communications payloads.[29]
L-18 Libra[1] USA-173 2 December 2003
10:04[2]		 VAFB, SLC-3E Atlas IIAS 1,423 x 798km x 63.4° (LEO)[30] Intruder 6A & B[19] Naval reconnaissance Entered service, status unknown Two satellites.
L-19 Homer[31] USA-171[11] 9 September 2003
04:29[32]		 CCAFS, SLC-40 Titan IVB-Centaur 35,995 x 35,592km x 11.4° (GSO)[33] Orion 5[24] SIGINT Entered service, presumed active
L-20 USA-186[11] 19 October 2005
18:05[34]		 VAFB, SLC-4E Titan IVB 452 x 280km x 96.9° (LEO)[35] KH-11 14[5] Optical imaging Entered service, presumed active Last launch of a Titan rocket.
L-21 USA-193[1] 14 December 2006
21:00[27]		 VAFB, SLC-2W Delta II 7920-10 LEO Unknown Unknown Destroyed Failed immediately after launch. Destroyed by ASAT on 21 February 2008.
L-22 USA-184[1] 28 June 2006
03:33		 VAFB, SLC-6 Delta IV M+(4,2) 38,417 x 1,953km x 63° (Molniya)[36] Improved Trumpet 4[37] ELINT Entered service, status unknown
L-23 Canis Minor[1] USA-181 3 February 2005
07:41		 CCAFS, SLC-36B Atlas IIIB 1,399 x 827km x 63.4° (LEO)[38] Intruder 7A & 7B[19] Naval reconnaissance Entered service, status unknown Two satellites.
L-24 Scorpius[1] USA-198 10 December 2007
22:05		 CCAFS, SLC-41 Atlas V 401 39,704 x 663km x 63.1° (Molniya)[39] Quasar 16[4] Communications Entered service, presumed active
L-25 Altair USA-234 3 April 2012
23:12[40][41]		 VAFB, SLC-6 Delta IV M+(5,2) 1,114 x 1,107km x 123° (Retrograde LEO)[42] Topaz 2[43] Radar imaging Entered service, presumed active
L-26 USA-202 18 January 2009
02:47		 CCAFS, SLC-37B Delta IV Heavy 35,823 x 35,761km x 6° (GSO)[44] Orion 6[24] SIGINT Entered service, presumed active
L-27 Gryphon[31] USA-227 11 March 2011
23:38		 CCAFS, SLC-37B Delta IV M+(4,2) 35,810 x 35,778km x 4.6° (GSO)[45] Quasar 17[4] Communications Entered service, presumed active
L-28 USA-200 13 March 2008
10:02		 VAFB, SLC-3E Atlas V 411 38,066 x 2,304km x 63.2° (Molniya)[46] Improved Trumpet 5[37] ELINT Entered service, status unknown
L-29 N/A VAFB, SLC-3E Atlas V 521[47] Canceled
L-30 Pyxis[1] USA-194 15 June 2007
15:12		 CCAFS, SLC-41 Atlas V 401 1,337 x 889km x 63.4° (LEO)[48] Intruder 8A & 8B[19] Naval reconnaissance Entered service, presumed active Two satellites.
Premature 2nd stage cutoff during launch. Lifetime reduced by need to correct orbit.
L-32[49] USA-223 21 November 2010
22:58[50]		 CCAFS, SLC-37B Delta IV Heavy 35,939 x 35,648km x 4.3° (GSO)[51] Orion 7[24] SIGINT Entered service, presumed active
L-33[52] USA-252 22 May 2014
13:09		 CCAFS, SLC-41 Atlas V 401 35,810 x 35,778km x 2.7° (GSO)[53] Quasar 19[4] Communications Entered service, presumed active
L-34 Odin[54] USA-229 15 April 2011
04:24		 VAFB, SLC-3E[50] Atlas V 411 1,252 x 974km x 63.4° (LEO)[55] Intruder 9A & 9B[19] Naval reconnaissance Entered service, presumed active Two satellites.
L-35 Jacquelyn USA-259 13 December 2014
03:19		 VAFB, SLC-3E Atlas V 541 39,148 x 1,221km x 63.3° (Molniya)[56] Trumpet 6 (third generation)[57] ELINT Entered service, presumed active First flight of the RL10C-1 rocket engine, used by the Centaur upper stage
L-36[58] USA-238[59] 13 September 2012
21:39[41]		 VAFB, SLC-3E Atlas V 401[60] 1,217 x 1,009km x 63.4° (LEO)[61] Intruder 10A & 10B[19] Naval reconnaissance Entered service, presumed active Two satellites sharing a designation.
L-37[62] USA-268 June 11, 2016
17:51		 CCAFS, SLC-37B Delta IV Heavy 36,024 x 35,563km x 6.6° (GSO)[63] Orion 9[24] SIGINT[64] Entered service, presumed active Likely the seventh so called Mentor/Orion satellite for the National Security Agency.[65]
L-38[66] Drake USA-236 20 June 2012
12:28[41]		 CCAFS, SLC-41 Atlas V 401 35,826 x 35,762km x 2.7° (GSO)[67] Quasar 18[4] Communications Entered service, presumed active
L-39[68] USA-247 6 December 2013
07:14[69]		 VAFB, SLC-3E Atlas V 501 1,114 x 1,108km x 123° (Retrograde LEO)[70] Topaz 3[43] Radar imaging Entered service, presumed active
L-41[49] Gladys[31] USA-215[1] 21 September 2010
04:03[50]		 VAFB, SLC-3E Atlas V 501 1,113 x 1,109km x 123° (Retrograde LEO)[71] Topaz 1[43] Radar imaging Entered service, presumed active
L-42[72] USA-278 24 September 2017
05:49:47		 VAFB, SLC-3E Atlas V 541 39,188 x 1,179km x 63.7° (Molniya)[73] Trumpet 7 (third generation)[57] ELINT Entered service, presumed active
L-44[72] USA-311 11 December 2020
01:09		 CCSFS, SLC-37B Delta IV Heavy GSO Orion 10[65] SIGINT[64] Entered service, presumed active[74]
L-45[68] USA-267 10 February 2016
11:40		 VAFB, SLC-6 Delta IV M+(5,2) 1,114 x 1,107km x 123° (Retrograde LEO)[75] Topaz 4[43] Radar imaging Entered service, presumed active

L-47 USA-281 12 January 2018
22:11		 VAFB, SLC-6 Delta IV M+(5,2) 1,088 x 1,085km x 106° (Retrograde LEO)[76] Topaz 5[43] Radar imaging Entered service, presumed active
L-49[49] Betty[31] USA-224 20 January 2011
21:10[77]		 VAFB, SLC-6 Delta IV Heavy 1,025 x 266km x 97.9° (LEO)[78] KH-11 15[5] Optical imaging Entered service, presumed active
L-52[72] USA-279 15 October 2017
07:28		 CCAFS, SLC-41 Atlas V 421 35,811 x 35,777km x 3.3° (GSO)[79] Quasar 21[80] Communications Entered service, presumed active
L-55[72] USA-264 8 October 2015
12:49		 VAFB, SLC-3E Atlas V 401 1,145 x 1,081km x 63.4° (LEO)[81][82] Intruder 11A & 11B Naval reconnisance[65] Entered service, presumed active Two classified satellites (NROL-55) and 13 CubeSats.
L-61[72] Spike[83] USA-269 28 July 2016
12:37[84]		 CCAFS, SLC-41 Atlas V 421 35,813 x 35,775km x 3.0° (GSO)[85][86] Quasar 20[80] Communications Entered service, presumed active
L-65[87] USA-245 28 August 2013
18:03		 VAFB, SLC-6 Delta IV Heavy 1,018 x 275km x 97.9° (LEO)[88] KH-11 16[5] Optical imaging Entered service, presumed active
L-66[89] USA-225 6 February 2011
12:26		 VAFB, SLC-8 Minotaur I 1,232 x 1,214km x 90.1° (LEO)[90] RPP Technology Entered service, status unknown
L-67[91] USA-250 10 April 2014
17:45		 CCAFS, SLC-41 Atlas V 541 35,811 x 35,777km x 1.4° (GSO)[92] SIGINT High Altitude Replenishment Program (SHARP-1) SIGINT Entered service, presumed active
L-68[64] - 2022[93] CCAFS, SLC-37B Delta IV Heavy Awaiting launch
L-70[64] - 2023[93] CCAFS, SLC-37B Delta IV Heavy Awaiting launch
L-71[72] USA-290 19 January 2019
19:05[41][94]		 VAFB, SLC-6 Delta IV Heavy 419 x 408km x 92.7° (LEO)[95] KH-11 17[5] Optical imaging Entered service, presumed active
L-76[96] USA-276 1 May 2017
11:15[97]		 KSC, LC-39A Falcon 9 Full Thrust 402 x 391km x 50.0° (LEO)[98][99][100] Entered service, presumed active
L-79[72][101] USA-274 1 March 2017
17:50[102]		 VAFB, SLC-3E Atlas V 401 1,120 x 1,105km x 63.4° (LEO)[103] Intruder 12A & 12B[19] Naval reconnaissance Entered service, presumed active Two classified satellites sharing a designation.
L-82[64][104] - February 2021[74] VAFB, SLC-6 Delta IV Heavy Electro-optical surveillance Awaiting launch
L-85[105] - 2021 CC, LC-39A or SLC-40 Falcon 9 Block 5 LEO 63°[106] Intruder 13A & 13B Naval reconnaissance Awaiting launch
L-87[105] - 2021[94] VAFB, SLC-4E Falcon 9 Block 5 SSO[106] Awaiting launch
L-91[104] - 2022[93] VAFB, SLC-6 Delta IV Heavy Awaiting launch
L-101 USA-310 13 November 2020
22:32[107]		 CCAFS, SLC-41 Atlas V 531 11073 x 11091 km x 58.5° (MEO)[108] Entered service, presumed active
L-107[105] - March 2022 CCAFS, SLC-41 Atlas V 551 GSO 42464 x 41864 km x 0° Silent Barker Situational awareness[109] Awaiting launch
L-108[110] USA-312
USA-313		 19 December 2020 14:00[111] KSC, LC-39A Falcon 9 Block 5 540 x 520km x 51.35°(LEO)[112] Entered service, presumed active Two satellites.
L-111 - March 2021[113] MARS, LP-0B Minotaur I Technology Awaiting launch
L-129[114][115] USA-305
USA-306
USA-307
USA-308		 15 July 2020,
13:46 UTC		 MARS, LP-0B Minotaur IV / Orion 38 584 x 575km x 54.0° (LEO)[116] Entered service, presumed active

Four payloads. First NRO launch on a Minotaur IV and first from Virginia's Space Coast.[117]
L-151[118][119]
(RASR-1)		 USA-294[120] 31 January 2020
02:56[121]		 Mahia, LC-1A Electron 602 x 581km x 70.0° (LEO)[122] Technology Entered service, presumed active First Rocket Lab Electron launch, first launch from outside the United States (New Zealand), and first launch procured under NRO's Rapid Acquisition of a Small Rocket (RASR) program. Flew on Rocket Lab's "Birds of a Feather" mission.
RASR-2[123][124] USA-301
USA-302
USA-303		 13 June 2020
05:12		 Mahia, LC-1A Electron Entered service, presumed active Three technology demonstration smallsats. Primary customer of the rideshare mission procured under NRO's Rapid Acquisition of a Small Rocket (RASR) program. Flew on Rocket Lab's "Don't Stop Me Now" mission.
Undesignated[125] IMPACT-2A and IMPACT-2B 2 November 2019
13:59:47		 MARS, Pad 0A Antares Technology Demonstration Entered service, presumed active Two technology demonstration CubeSats launched as part of the NRO's IMPACT program. Secondary payloads, launched with Cygnus NG-12.
TBD[126] - 1 June 2021 Mahia, LC-1A Electron Awaiting launch Back-to-back launch under NRO's Rapid Acquisition of a Small Rocket (RASR) program.
TBD[126] - 1 June 2021 Mahia, LC-1B Electron Awaiting launch Back-to-back launch under NRO's Rapid Acquisition of a Small Rocket (RASR) program.
L-174[127] - 2021 MARS, LP-0B Minotaur IV / Orion 38 Awaiting launch
Launch
Designation		 Launch Name Satellite
Designation		 Launch
Date/Time (UTC)		 Launch Site Rocket Orbit Project Function Status Patch Remarks

See also

References
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  • National Security Space Launch Report (pages 112)
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