List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates

The Norwegian Nobel Committee awards the Nobel Peace Prize annually "to the person who shall have done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses".[1] As dictated by Nobel's will, the award is administered by the Norwegian Nobel Committee and awarded by a committee of five people elected by the Parliament of Norway.[2]

The Norwegian Nobel Institute assists the Norwegian Nobel Committee in selecting recipients of the Nobel Peace Prize and in organising the annual award in Oslo.

Each recipient receives a medal, a diploma, and a monetary award prize (that has varied throughout the years).[3] It is one of the five prizes established by the 1895 will of Alfred Nobel (who died in 1896), awarded for outstanding contributions in chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine.[4]

Overview

The Peace Prize is presented annually in Oslo, in the presence of the King of Norway, on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel's death, and is the only Nobel Prize not presented in Stockholm.[5] Unlike the other prizes, the Peace Prize is occasionally awarded to an organisation (such as the International Committee of the Red Cross, a three-time recipient) rather than an individual.

The Nobel Peace Prize was first awarded in 1901 to Frédéric Passy and Henry Dunant — who shared a Prize of 150,782 Swedish kronor (equal to 7,731,004 kronor in 2008) — and, most recently, to World Food Programme in 2020.[6]

Laureates

As of 2020, the Peace Prize has been awarded to 106 individuals and 24 organizations. Seventeen women have won the Nobel Peace Prize, more than any other Nobel Prize.[8] Only two recipients have won multiple Prizes: the International Committee of the Red Cross has won three times (1917, 1944 and 1963) and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees has won twice (1954 and 1981).[7] There have been 19 years in which the Peace Prize was not awarded.

Year Laureate (birth/death) Country Rationale
1901 Henry Dunant
(1828–1910)		 Switzerland "for his humanitarian efforts to help wounded soldiers and create international understanding"[9][10]
Frédéric Passy
(1822–1912)		 France "for his lifelong work for international peace conferences, diplomacy and arbitration."[9][10]
1902 Élie Ducommun
(1833–1906)		 Switzerland "for his role as the first honorary secretary of the International Peace Bureau."[9][11]
Charles Albert Gobat
(1843–1914)		 "for his role as the first Secretary General of the Inter-Parliamentary Union."[9][11]
1903 William Randal Cremer
(1828–1908)		 United Kingdom "for his role as the "first father" of the Inter-Parliamentary Union."[9][12]
1904 Institute of International Law
(founded 1873)		 Belgium "for its efforts as an unofficial body to formulate the general principles of the science of international law."[9][13]
1905 Bertha von Suttner
(1843–1914)		 Austria-Hungary "for writing Lay Down Your Arms and contributing to the creation of the Prize."[9][14]
1906 Theodore Roosevelt
(1858–1919)		 United States "for his successful mediation to end the Russo-Japanese war and for his interest in arbitration, having provided the Hague arbitration court with its very first case."[9][15]
1907 Ernesto Teodoro Moneta
(1833–1918)		 Italy "for his work as a key leader of the Italian peace movement."[9][16]
Louis Renault
(1843–1918)		 France "for his work as a leading French international jurist and a member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration at The Hague."[9][16]
1908 Klas Pontus Arnoldson
(1844–1916)		 Sweden "for his work as founder of the Swedish Peace and Arbitration League."[9][17]
Fredrik Bajer
(1837–1922)		 Denmark "for being the foremost peace advocate in Scandinavia, combining work in the Inter-Parliamentary Union with being the first president of the International Peace Bureau."[9][17]
1909 Auguste Beernaert
(1829–1912)		 Belgium "for being a representative to the two Hague conferences, and a leading figure in the Inter-Parliamentary Union."[9][18]
Paul Henri d'Estournelles de Constant
(1852–1924)		 France "for combined diplomatic work for Franco-German and Franco-British understanding with a distinguished career in international arbitration."[9][18]
1910 Permanent International Peace Bureau
(founded 1891)		 Switzerland "for acting as a link between the peace societies of the various countries."[19][20]
1911 Tobias Asser
(1838–1913)		 Netherlands "for being a member of the Court of Arbitration as well as the initiator of the Conferences on International Private Law."[9][21]
Alfred Fried
(1864–1921)		 Austria-Hungary
 "for his work as founder of the German Peace Society."[9][21]
1912 Elihu Root[A]
(1845–1937)		 United States "for his strong interest in international arbitration and for his plan for a world court."[9][22]
1913 Henri La Fontaine
(1854–1943)		 Belgium "for his work as head of the International Peace Bureau."[9][23]
1914 Not awarded due to World War I.
1915
1916
1917 International Committee of the Red Cross
(founded 1863)		 Switzerland "for the efforts to take care of wounded soldiers and prisoners of war and their families."[9][24]
1918 Not awarded due to World War I.
1919 Woodrow Wilson[A]
(1856–1924)		 United States "for his crucial role in establishing the League of Nations"[9][25]
1920 Léon Bourgeois
(1851–1925)		 France "for his participation in both the Hague Conferences of 1899 and 1907 and for his work towards what became the League to such an extent that he was frequently called its 'spiritual father'."[9][26]
1921 Hjalmar Branting
(1860–1925)		 Sweden "for his work in the League of Nations."[9][27]
Christian Lange
(1869–1938)		 Norway "for his work as the first secretary of the Norwegian Nobel Committee and the secretary-general of the Inter-Parliamentary Union."[9][27]
1922 Fridtjof Nansen
(1861–1930)		 Norway "for his work in aiding the millions in Russia struggling against famine and for the refugees in Asia Minor and Thrace."[28][29]
1923 Not awarded
1924
1925 Sir Austen Chamberlain[A]
(1863–1937)		 United Kingdom "for his work on the Locarno Treaties."[9][30]
Charles Gates Dawes[A]
(1865–1951)		 United States "for his work on the Dawes Plan for German reparations which was seen as having provided the economic underpinning of the Locarno Pact of 1925."[9][30]
1926 Aristide Briand
(1862–1932)		 France "for their work on the Locarno Treaties."[9][31]
Gustav Stresemann
(1878–1929)		 Germany
1927 Ferdinand Buisson
(1841–1932)		 France "for their contributions to Franco-German popular reconciliation."[9][32]
Ludwig Quidde
(1858–1941)		 Germany
1928 Not awarded
1929 Frank Billings Kellogg[A]
(1856–1937)		 United States "for the Kellogg-Briand pact, whose signatories agreed to settle all conflicts by peaceful means and renounced war as an instrument of national policy."[9][33]
1930 Nathan Söderblom
(1866–1931)		 Sweden "for his efforts to involve the churches not only in work for ecumenical unity, but also for world peace."[9][34]
1931 Jane Addams
(1860–1935)		 United States "for her social reform work and leading the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom."[9][35]
Nicholas Murray Butler
(1862–1947)		 United States "for his promotion of the Briand-Kellogg pact and for his work as the leader of the more establishment-oriented part of the American peace movement."[9][35]
1932 Not awarded
1933 Sir Norman Angell[A]
(1872–1967)		 United Kingdom "for authoring The Great Illusion and for being a supporter of the League of Nations as well as an influential publicist and educator for peace in general."[36]
1934 Arthur Henderson
(1863–1935)		 United Kingdom "for his work for the League, particularly its efforts in disarmament."[9][37][38]
1935 Carl von Ossietzky[A][B]
(1889–1938)		 Germany "for his struggle against Germany's rearmament."[9][39]
1936 Carlos Saavedra Lamas
(1878–1959)		 Argentina "for his mediation of an end to the Chaco War between Paraguay and Bolivia."[9][40]
1937 The Viscount Cecil of Chelwood
(1864–1958)		 United Kingdom "for his work with the League of Nations."[9][41]
1938 Nansen International Office for Refugees
(1930–1939)		 League of Nations "for its work in aiding refugees."[42]
1939 Not awarded due to World War II.
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944 International Committee of the Red Cross[A]
(founded 1863)		 Switzerland "for the great work it has performed during the war in behalf of humanity."[43][44]
1945 Cordell Hull
(1871–1955)		 United States "for his fight against isolationism at home, his efforts to create a peace bloc of states on the American continents, and his work for the United Nations Organization."[45]
1946 Emily Greene Balch
(1867–1961)		 United States "for her work with the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom."[46]
John Raleigh Mott
(1865–1955)		 United States "for establishing and strengthening international Protestant Christian student organizations that worked to promote peace."[46]
1947 The Quakers (represented by Friends Service Council and American Friends Service Committee)[47][48]
(started during the mid-1600's)		 "for their work in assisting and rescuing victims of the Nazis."[47]
1948 Not awarded because "there was no suitable living candidate." (A tribute to the recently assassinated Gandhi in India.)[49]
1949 The Lord Boyd-Orr
(1880–1971)		 United Kingdom "for his scientific research into nutrition and his works as the first Director-General of the Food and Agriculture Organization."[50]
1950 Ralph Bunche
(1904–1971)		 United States "for his works in resolving the Arab-Israeli conflict in Palestine."[51]
1951 Léon Jouhaux
(1879–1954)		 France "for his work on social equality and Franco-German renconciliation."[52]
1952 Albert Schweitzer[A]
(1875–1965)		 France "for his propagation for the reverence of life, the very foundations of a lasting peace between individuals, nations, and races."[53]
1953 George Catlett Marshall Jr.
(1880–1959)		 United States "for his work on the post-war European recovery."[54]
1954 Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees[A]
(founded 1950)		 United Nations "for protecting refugees, forcibly displaced communities and stateless people, and assisting in their voluntary repatriation, local integration or resettlement to a third country."[55]
1955 Not awarded
1956
1957 Lester Bowles Pearson
(1897–1972)		 Canada "for his role in helping end the Suez conflict and trying to solve the Middle East question through the United Nations."[56][9]
1958 Dominique Pire
(1910–1969)		 Belgium "for his work in helping refugees in the post-World War II Europe."[57]
1959 Philip Noel-Baker
(1889–1982)		 United Kingdom "for his lifelong work for international peace and cooperation."[58]
1960 Albert Lutuli[A]
(1898–1967)		 South Africa "for his role in the non-violent struggle against apartheid in South Africa."[59][9]
1961 Dag Hammarskjöld[C]
(1905–1961)		 Sweden "for strengthening the foundations of the United Nations Organization.",[60][9]
1962 Linus Pauling[A]
(1901–1994)		 United States "for his campaign against nuclear weapons testing."[61]
1963 International Committee of the Red Cross
(founded 1863)		 Switzerland "for their work in the protection of human rights in the ICRC's 100 years of existence."[62]
League of Red Cross Societies
(founded 1919)
1964 Martin Luther King, Jr.
(1929–1968)		 United States "for combating racial inequality through nonviolent resistance."[63]
1965 United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)
(founded 1946)		 United Nations "for their efforts in providing humanitarian and developmental aid to children worldwide."[64]
1966 Not awarded
1967
1968 René Cassin
(1887–1976)		 France "for creating the first full draft of the Universal Declaration and his work in the European Court for Human Rights."[65]
1969 International Labour Organization
(founded 1919)		 United Nations "for improving fraternity and peace among nations, pursuing decent work and justice for workers, and providing technical assistance to other developing nations."[66]
1970 Norman Ernest Borlaug
(1914–2009)		 United States "for his contributions to the 'green revolution' that was having such an impact on food profuction particularly in Asia and Latin America."[67][9]
1971 Willy Brandt
(1913–1992)		 Germany "for his efforts to strengthen cooperation in Western Europe through the European Economic Community and to achieve reconciliation between West Germany and the other countries of Eastern Europe."[68]
1972 Not awarded
1973 Henry Kissinger
(born 1923)		 United States "for the 1973 Paris agreement intended to bring about a cease-fire in the Vietnam war and a withdrawal of the American forces."[9][69]
Lê Đức Thọ[D]
(1911–1990)		 North Vietnam
1974 Seán MacBride
(1904–1988)		 Ireland "for his strong interest in human rights by piloting the European Convention on Human Rights through the Council of Europe, helping found and then lead Amnesty International and serving as secretary-general of the International Commission of Jurists."[70][9]
Eisaku Satō
(1901–1975)		 Japan "for his renunciation of the nuclear option for Japan and his efforts to further regional reconciliation."[70][9]
1975 Andrei Sakharov[E]
(1921–1989)		 Soviet Union "for his struggle for human rights, for disarmament, and for cooperation between all nations."[71]
1976 Betty Williams
(1943–2020)		 United Kingdom "for their works as cofounders of Community of Peace People, an organization dedicated to promoting a peaceful resolution to the Troubles in Northern Ireland."[72]
Mairead Corrigan
(born 1944)
1977 Amnesty International
(founded 1961)		 United Kingdom "for protecting the human rights of prisoners of conscience."[9][73]
1978 Muhammad Anwar el-Sadat
(1918–1981)		 Egypt "for the Camp David Agreement, which brought about a negotiated peace between Egypt and Israel" Sadat was assassinated in 1981."[74]
Menachem Begin
(1913–1992)		 Israel
1979 Mother Teresa
(1910–1997)		 India
(Born in Albania)		 "for her work undertaken in the struggle to overcome poverty and distress, which also constitutes a threat to peace."[75]
1980 Adolfo Pérez Esquivel
(born 1931)		 Argentina "for his efforts in the defense of human rights and for his opposition to Argentina's last civil-military dictatorship."[76][9]
1981 Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
(founded 1950)		 United Nations "for its effective and continuous work on refugees."[77]
1982 Alva Myrdal
(1902–1986)		 Sweden "for their magnificent work in the disarmament negotiations of the United Nations, where they have both played crucial roles and won international recognition."[78][79]
Alfonso García Robles
(1911–1991)		 Mexico
1983 Lech Wałęsa
(born 1943)		 Poland "for his contribution and considerable personal sacrifice to ensure the workers' right to establish their own organizations."[80]
1984 Desmond Tutu
(born 1931)		 South Africa "for his role as a unifying leader-figure in the campaign to resolve the problem of apartheid in South Africa."[81]
1985 International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War
(founded 1980)		 United States "for their authoritative information and by creating an awareness of the catastrophic consequences of atomic warfare."[82]
1986 Elie Wiesel
(1928–2016)		 United States "for his tireless efforts and speaking out against violence, repression and racism."[83]
1987 Óscar Arias
(born 1940)		 Costa Rica "for his work for peace in Central America, efforts which led to the accord signed in Guatemala on August 7 this year."[84]
1988 United Nations Peace-Keeping Forces
(founded 1945)		 United Nations "for their efforts [that] have made important contributions towards the realization of one of the fundamental tenets of the United Nations."[85][86]
1989 Tenzin Gyatso,
14th Dalai Lama
(born 1935)		 India
(Born in Tibet)[87]		 "for his non-violent struggle for the liberation of Tibet and advocating peaceful solutions based upon tolerance and mutual respect in order to preserve the historical and cultural heritage of his people."[88][89]
1990 Mikhail Gorbachev
(born 1931)		 Soviet Union "for his leading role in the peace process which today characterizes important parts of the international community."[90]
1991 Aung San Suu Kyi[F]
(born 1945)		 Burma "for her non-violent struggle for democracy and human rights."[91]
1992 Rigoberta Menchú
(born 1959)		 Guatemala "for her work for social justice and ethno-cultural reconciliation based on respect for the rights of indigenous peoples."[92]
1993 Nelson Mandela
(1918–2013)		 South Africa "for their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime, and for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa."[93]
Frederik Willem de Klerk
(born 1936)
1994 Yasser Arafat
(1929–2004)		 Palestine "to honour a political act which called for great courage on both sides, and which has opened up opportunities for a new development towards fraternity in the Middle East."[94]
Yitzhak Rabin
(1922–1995)		 Israel
Shimon Peres
(1923–2016)		 Israel
1995 Joseph Rotblat
(1908–2005)		 Poland "for their efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics and, in the longer run, to eliminate such arms."[95]
Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs Canada
1996 Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo
(born 1948)		 East Timor "for their work towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor."[96]
José Ramos-Horta
(born 1949)		 East Timor
1997 International Campaign to Ban Landmines
(founded 1992)		 Switzerland "for their work for the banning and clearing of anti-personnel mines."[97]
Jody Williams
(born 1950)		 United States
1998 John Hume
(1937–2020)		 Ireland "for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland."[98]
David Trimble
(born 1944)		 United Kingdom
1999 Médecins Sans Frontières Switzerland "in recognition of the organization's pioneering humanitarian work on several continents."[99]
2000 Kim Dae-jung
(1924–2009)		 South Korea "for his work for democracy and human rights in South Korea and in East Asia in general, and for peace and reconciliation with North Korea in particular."[100]
2001 United Nations United Nations "for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world."[101]
Kofi Annan
(1938–2018)		 Ghana
2002 Jimmy Carter
(born 1924)		 United States "for his decades of untiring effort to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts, to advance democracy and human rights, and to promote economic and social development."[102]
2003 Shirin Ebadi
(born 1947)		 Iran "for her efforts for democracy and human rights, focused especially on the rights of women and children."[103]
2004 Wangari Muta Maathai
(1940–2011)		 Kenya "for her contribution to sustainable development, democracy and peace."[104]
2005 International Atomic Energy Agency
(founded 1957)		 United Nations "for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way."[105]
Mohamed ElBaradei
(born 1942)		 Egypt
2006 Muhammad Yunus
(born 1940)		 Bangladesh "for advancing economic and social opportunities for the poor, especially women, through their pioneering microcredit work."[106]
Grameen Bank
(founded 1983)		 Bangladesh
2007 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
(founded 1988)		 United Nations "for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change."[107]
Al Gore
(born 1948)		 United States
2008 Martti Ahtisaari
(born 1937)		 Finland "for his efforts on several continents and over more than three decades, to resolve international conflicts."[108]
2009 Barack Obama
(born 1961)		 United States "for his extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples."[109]
2010 Liu Xiaobo
(1955–2017)		 China "for his long and non-violent struggle for fundamental human rights in China."[110]
2011 Ellen Johnson Sirleaf
(born 1938)		 Liberia "for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work."[111]
Leymah Gbowee
(born 1972)
Tawakkul Karman
(born 1979)		 Yemen
2012 European Union
(founded 1958)		 European Union "for over six decades contributed to the advancement of peace and reconciliation, democracy and human rights in Europe."[112]
2013 Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons
(founded 1997)		 Netherlands[113] "for its extensive efforts to eliminate chemical weapons."[114]
2014 Kailash Satyarthi
(born 1954)		 India "for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education."[115]
Malala Yousafzai
(born 1997)		 Pakistan
2015 Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet
(2013–2014)		 Tunisia "for its decisive contribution to the building of a pluralistic democracy in Tunisia in the wake of the Jasmine Revolution of 2011."[116]
2016 Juan Manuel Santos
(born 1951)		 Colombia "for his resolute efforts to bring the country's more than 50-year-long civil war to an end, a war that has cost the lives of at least 220,000 Colombians and displaced close to six million people."[117]
2017 International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons
(founded 2007)		 Switzerland "for its work to draw attention to the catastrophic humanitarian consequences of any use of nuclear weapons and for its ground-breaking efforts to achieve a treaty-based prohibition of such weapons."[118]
2018 Denis Mukwege
(born 1955)		 Democratic Republic of the Congo "for their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict."[119]
Nadia Murad
(born 1993)		 Iraq
2019 Abiy Ahmed
(born 1976)		 Ethiopia "for his efforts to achieve peace and international cooperation, and in particular for his decisive initiative to resolve the border conflict with neighbouring Eritrea."[120]
2020 World Food Programme
(founded 1961)		 United Nations "for its efforts to combat hunger, for its contribution to bettering conditions for peace in conflict-affected areas and for acting as a driving force in efforts to prevent the use of hunger as a weapon of war and conflict."[121]

See also

Notes
A The following laureates were all awarded their respective Prizes one year late because the Committee decided that none of the nominations in the year in which they are listed as being awarded the Prize met the criteria in Nobel's will; per its rules the Committee delayed the awarding of the Prizes until the next year, although they were awarded as the previous year's Prize:
Elihu Root (1912),[22] Woodrow Wilson (1919),[25] Austen Chamberlain (1925), Charles G. Dawes (1925),[30] Frank B. Kellogg 1929),[33] Norman Angell (1933),[36] Carl von Ossietzky (1935),[39] International Committee of the Red Cross (1944),[44] Albert Schweitzer (1952),[53] Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (1954),[55] Albert Lutuli (1960),[59] Linus Pauling (1962),[61]
B Carl von Ossietzky's Prize was awarded in absentia because he was imprisoned and was refused a passport by the government of Germany.[122]
C Dag Hammarskjöld's Prize was awarded posthumously.
D Lê Đức Thọ declined to accept the Prize.[69]
E Andrei Sakharov's Prize was awarded in absentia because he was refused a passport by the government of the Soviet Union.[123]
F Aung San Suu Kyi's Prize was awarded in absentia because she was being held prisoner by the government of Burma. Following her release from house arrest and election to the Pyithu Hluttaw, Suu Kyi accepted her award in person on 16 June 2012.[124]
G Liu Xiaobo's Prize was awarded in absentia because he was imprisoned in China.[125]

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