List of Nobel laureates affiliated with California Institute of Technology

This list of Nobel laureates affiliated with California Institute of Technology comprehensively shows the alumni, faculty members as well as researchers of California Institute of Technology (Caltech) who were awarded the Nobel Prize or the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences. The Nobel Prizes, established by the 1895 will of Alfred Nobel, are awarded to individuals who make outstanding contributions in the fields of Chemistry, Literature, Peace, Physics, and Physiology or Medicine.[1] An associated prize, the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel (commonly known as the Nobel Prize in Economics), was instituted by Sweden's central bank, Sveriges Riksbank, in 1968 and first awarded in 1969.[2]

The Robert A. Millikan Memorial Library at the California Institute of Technology. As of October 2020, 76 Nobel laureates have been associated with Caltech.

As of October 2020, 76 Nobel laureates have been affiliated with Caltech, and 40 of them are officially listed as "Caltech's Nobel Laureates" by the institute.[3] Among the 76 laureates, 70 are Nobel laureates in natural sciences;[lower-alpha 1] 24 are Caltech alumni (graduates and attendees) and 21 have been long-term academic members of the Caltech faculty or Caltech-affiliated research organizations; and subject-wise, 31 laureates have won the Nobel Prize in Physics, more than any other subject.[lower-alpha 2] This list considers Nobel laureates as equal individuals and does not consider their various prize shares or if they received the prize more than once.[4] In particular, Linus Pauling is the only Caltech-affiliated Nobel laureate to win two Nobel prizes: he won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1954 and the Nobel Peace Prize in 1962;[5] since this is a list of laureates, not prizes, he is counted only once.

Inclusion criteria

General rules
The Beckman Institute at Caltech.

The university affiliations in this list are all official academic affiliations such as degree programs and official academic employment. Non-academic affiliations such as advisory committee and administrative staff are generally excluded. The official academic affiliations fall into three categories: 1) Alumni (graduates and attendees), 2) Long-term Academic Staff, and 3) Short-term Academic Staff. Graduates are defined as those who hold Bachelor's, Master's, Doctorate, or equivalent degrees from Caltech, while attendees are those who formally enrolled in a degree program at Caltech but did not complete the program; thus, honorary degrees, posthumous degrees, summer attendees, exchange students, and auditing students are excluded. The category of "Long-term Academic Staff" consists of tenure/tenure-track and equivalent academic positions, while that of "Short-term Academic Staff" consists of lecturers (without tenure), postdoctoral researchers (postdocs), visiting professors/scholars (visitors), and equivalent academic positions. At Caltech, the specific academic title solely determines the type of affiliation, regardless of the actual time the position was held by a laureate.

Further explanations on "visitors" under "Short-term Academic Staff" are presented as follows. 1) All informal or personal visits are excluded from the list; 2) all employment-based visiting positions, which carry teaching/research duties, are included as affiliations in the list; 3) as for award/honor-based visiting positions, to minimize controversy this list takes a conservative view and includes the positions as affiliations only if the laureates were required to assume employment-level duty (teaching/research) or the laureates specifically classified the visiting positions as "affiliation" or similar in reliable sources such as their curriculum vita. To be specific, some award/honor-based visiting positions such as the "Sherman Fairchild Distinguished Visiting Scholar" and "Gordon Moore Distinguished Scholar" at Caltech are awards/honors without employment-level duty.[6][7]

In particular, attending meetings and giving public lectures, talks or non-curricular seminars at Caltech is not a form of employment-level duty. Finally, summer visitors are generally excluded from the list unless summer work yielded significant end products such as research publications and components of Nobel-winning work, since summer terms are not part of formal academic years. There were a number of Nobel laureates who visited Caltech upon the invitation of Robert Millikan during 1920-30s.[8] Most of these laureates were simply giving public lectures or non-curricular seminars at Caltech and thus are excluded from the list. There are a few exceptions including Albert Einstein.

Some visitors and staff not qualified as official academic affiliates
Name Nobel Prize Year Role in California Institute of Technology
Sydney Brenner Physiology or Medicine 2002 Summer researcher in 1960.[9][10]
Barry Sharpless Chemistry 2001 1987 Fairchild Visiting Scholar.
Dudley Herschbach Chemistry 1986 1976 Fairchild Visiting Scholar.
Yuan T. Lee Chemistry 1986 1983 Fairchild Visiting Scholar.
John Polanyi Chemistry 1986 1982 Fairchild Visiting Scholar.
François Jacob Physiology or Medicine 1965 Summer researcher in 1960.[11]

Affiliated organizations

This list does not include Nobel-winning organizations or any individuals affiliated with those organizations. It also doesn't include affiliates of institutions that later merged and became part of Caltech.

Summary
See also: List of Nobel laureates by university affiliation

All types of affiliations, namely alumni, long-term and short-term academic staff, count equally in the following table and throughout the whole page.[lower-alpha 3]

In the following list, the number following a person's name is the year they received the prize; in particular, a number with asterisk (*) means the person received the award while they were working at Caltech (including emeritus staff). A name underlined implies that this person has already been listed in a previous category (i.e., multiple affiliations).

Category Alumni Long-term academic staff Short-term academic staff
Total: 76 24 21 48
Physics (31)
  1. Andrea M. Ghez - 2020
  2. Kip Thorne - 2017
  3. Arthur B. McDonald - 2015
  4. Douglas Osheroff - 1996
  5. William A. Fowler - 1983
  6. Kenneth G. Wilson - 1982
  7. Robert W. Wilson - 1978
  8. James Rainwater - 1975
  9. Charles Townes - 1964
  10. Donald Glaser - 1960
  11. William Shockley - 1956
  12. Carl D. Anderson - 1936
  1. Barry Barish - 2017*
  2. Kip Thorne - 2017*
  3. David Politzer - 2004*
  4. William A. Fowler - 1983*
  5. Murray Gell-Mann - 1969*
  6. Richard Feynman - 1965*
  7. Rudolf Mössbauer - 1961*
  8. Carl D. Anderson - 1936*
  9. Robert Millikan - 1923*
  1. Didier Queloz - 2019
  2. Barry Barish - 2017
  3. Kip Thorne - 2017
  4. Roy Glauber - 2005
  5. Theodor Hänsch - 2005
  6. David Politzer - 2004
  7. Masatoshi Koshiba - 2002
  8. Gerard 't Hooft - 1999
  9. William A. Fowler - 1983
  10. Nico Bloembergen - 1981
  11. Sheldon Glashow - 1979
  12. Robert W. Wilson - 1978
  13. Hans Bethe - 1967
  14. Hans D. Jensen - 1963
  15. Rudolf Mössbauer - 1961
  16. William Shockley - 1956
  17. Carl D. Anderson - 1936
  18. C. V. Raman - 1930
  19. Albert Einstein - 1921
  20. Albert Michelson - 1907
  21. Hendrik Lorentz - 1902
Chemistry (17)
  1. Eric Betzig - 2014
  2. Martin Karplus - 2013
  3. William Lipscomb - 1976
  4. Linus Pauling - 1954
  5. Edwin McMillan - 1951
  1. Frances Arnold - 2018*
  2. Robert Grubbs - 2005*
  3. Ahmed Zewail - 1999*
  4. Rudolph Marcus - 1992*
  5. Linus Pauling - 1954*
  1. Frances Arnold - 2018
  2. Joachim Frank - 2017
  3. Thomas Steitz - 2009
  4. Gerhard Ertl - 2007
  5. Richard Schrock - 2005
  6. Kurt Wüthrich - 2002
  7. Mario Molina - 1995
  8. Jaroslav Heyrovský - 1959
  9. Lord Todd - 1957
Physiology or Medicine (22)
  1. Charles M. Rice - 2020
  2. Michael Rosbash - 2017
  3. Leland Hartwell - 2001
  4. Edward B. Lewis - 1995
  5. Howard Temin - 1975
  1. Edward B. Lewis - 1995*
  2. Roger Sperry - 1981*
  3. David Baltimore - 1975
  4. Renato Dulbecco - 1975
  5. Max Delbrück - 1969*
  6. George Beadle - 1958*
  7. Thomas H. Morgan - 1933*
  1. Jeffrey C. Hall - 2017
  2. John Gurdon - 2012
  3. Robert G. Edwards - 2010
  4. Phillip Sharp - 1993
  5. Erwin Neher - 1991
  6. Niels Jerne - 1984
  7. Barbara McClintock - 1983
  8. Carleton Gajdusek - 1976
  9. Max Delbrück - 1969
  10. Robert W. Holley - 1968
  11. Jacques Monod - 1965
  12. James Watson - 1962
  13. George Beadle - 1958
Economics (6)
  1. Vernon L. Smith - 2002
  2. Robert C. Merton - 1997
  1. Lloyd Shapley - 2012
  2. Dale Mortensen - 2010
  3. Leonid Hurwicz - 2007
  4. Vernon L. Smith - 2002
  5. Daniel McFadden - 2000
Peace (1)
  1. Linus Pauling - 1962
  1. Linus Pauling - 1962*

Nobel laureates by category

Nobel laureates in Physics
No. Name Year Affiliation with California Institute of Technology
31 Andrea M. Ghez 2020 Ph.D (1992)[13]
30 Didier Queloz 2019 Distinguished Visiting Scientist (1997-1999)[14]
29 Kip Thorne 2017 B.S (1962); Professor (1967- ); Research Fellow (1966-1967)[15]
28 Barry Barish 2017 Professor (1966- ); Research Fellow (1963-1966)[16]
27 Arthur B. McDonald 2015 PhD (1969)[17]
26 Theodor Hänsch 2005 Gordon Moore Distinguished Scholar (2001)[18]
25 Roy Glauber 2005 Lecturer in Theoretical Physics (1951-1952)[19]
24 David Politzer 2004 Professor (1976-); Visiting Associate (1975-1976)[20]
23 Masatoshi Koshiba 2002 Sherman Fairchild Distinguished Visiting Scholar (April 1995 to March 1997)[21]
22 Gerard 't Hooft 1999 Sherman Fairchild Distinguished Visiting Scholar (17 January-13 June 1981)[22][23]
21 Douglas Osheroff 1996 B.S (1967)[24]
20 William A. Fowler 1983 PhD (1936); Professor (1939-1995); Research Fellow in Nuclear Physics (1936-1939)[25]
19 Kenneth G. Wilson 1982 PhD (1961)[26]
18 Nicolaas Bloembergen 1981 Visiting Professor, including Sherman Fairchild Distinguished Visiting Scholar[27][28]
17 Sheldon Glashow 1979 Research Fellow (1960-1961)[29]
16 Robert W. Wilson 1978 PhD (1962); Research Associate (1962-1963)[30]
15 James Rainwater 1975 B.S (1939)[31]
14 Murray Gell-Mann 1969 Professor (1955-2019)[32]
13 Hans Bethe 1967 Visiting Professor (1964, 1982, 1985, 1987)[33]
12 Richard Feynman 1965 Professor (1951-1988)[34]
11 Charles Townes 1964 PhD (1939)[35]
10 Hans D. Jensen 1963 Visiting Professor (1953)[36][37]
9 Rudolf Mössbauer 1961 Professor (1961-); Research Fellow and Senior Research Fellow (1960-1961)[38]
8 Donald Glaser 1960 PhD (1950)[39]
7 William Shockley 1956 B.S (1932); Visiting Professor (1954)[40]
6 Carl D. Anderson 1936 B.S (1927), PhD (1930); Professor (1933-); Research Fellow (1930-1933)[41]
5 C. V. Raman 1930 Visiting Professor (1924, four months)[42]
4 Robert Millikan 1923 Professor (1921-1953)[43]
3 Albert Einstein 1921 Visiting Professor (1931, 1932, 1933)[44][45]
2 Albert Michelson 1907 Visiting Professor[46]
1 Hendrik Lorentz 1902 Visiting Lecturer (1921, 1922, 1924, 1926)[44][47][48]

Nobel laureates in Chemistry
No. Name Year Affiliation with California Institute of Technology
17 Frances Arnold 2018 Professor; Postdoctoral Researcher (1986)[49]
16 Joachim Frank 2017 Postdoctoral Researcher (1970)[50]
15 Eric Betzig 2014 B.S (1983)[51]
14 Martin Karplus 2014 PhD (1953)[52]
13 Thomas Steitz 2009 Sherman Fairchild Distinguished Visiting Scholar (1984-1985)[53][54]
12 Gerhard Ertl 2007 Visiting Professor under Sherman Fairchild Distinguished Visiting Scholarship (1976-1977)[55]
11 Richard Schrock 2005 Sherman Fairchild Distinguished Visiting Scholar (1986)[56][57]
10 Robert Grubbs 2005 Professor (1978-) [58][59]
9 Kurt Wüthrich 2002 Visiting Associate (1995); Sherman Fairchild Distinguished Visiting Scholar (1994)[60]
8 Ahmed Zewail 1999 Professor (1976- )[61]
7 Mario Molina 1995 JPL Senior Research Scientist (1984-1989)[62]
6 Rudolph Marcus 1992 Professor (1978- )[63]
5 William Lipscomb 1976 PhD (1946)[64]
4 Jaroslav Heyrovský 1959 Carnegie Visiting Professor with teaching duty (1933)[65][66]
3 Lord Todd 1957 Visiting Professor (1938, six months)[67][68]
2 Linus Pauling 1954 PhD (1925); Professor[69]
1 Edwin McMillan 1951 B.S (1928), M.S (1929)[70]

Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine
No. Name Year Affiliation with California Institute of Technology
22 Charles M. Rice 2020 PhD (1981)[71]
21 Michael Rosbash 2017 B.S (1965)[72][73]
20 Jeffrey C. Hall 2017 Postdoctoral Researcher[74]
19 John Gurdon 2012 Postdoctoral Researcher[75]
18 Robert G. Edwards 2010 Postdoctoral Researcher[76]
17 Leland Hartwell 2001 B.S (1961)[77][78]
16 Edward B. Lewis 1995 M.S (1943), PhD (1942); Professor (1948-2004)[79]
15 Phillip Sharp 1993 Postdoctoral Researcher[80]
14 Erwin Neher 1991 Sherman Fairchild Distinguished Visiting Scholar (1989)[81]
13 Niels Jerne 1984 Research Fellow (1954-1955)[82]
12 Barbara McClintock 1983 Visiting Professor (1954)[83]
11 Roger Sperry 1981 Professor (1954-1994)[84]
10 Carleton Gajdusek 1976 Postdoctoral Researcher[85]
9 Howard Temin 1975 PhD (1959)[86]
8 Renato Dulbecco 1975 Professor (1949-1962)[87]
7 David Baltimore 1975 Professor (1997- )[88]
6 Max Delbrück 1969 Professor (1947-); Rockefeller Fellow (1937)[89][90]
5 Robert W. Holley 1968 Guggenheim Fellow (1955-1956)[91][92]
4 Jacques Monod 1965 Rockefeller Fellow (1936)[93][94]
3 James Watson 1962 Senior Research Fellow (1953-1955)[95]
2 George Beadle 1958 Professor; National Research Council Fellow (1931)[96]
1 Thomas H. Morgan 1933 Professor (1928-1945)[97]

Nobel Memorial Prize laureates in Economics
No. Name Year Affiliation with California Institute of Technology
6 Lloyd Shapley 2012 Senior Research Fellow (1955-1956)[98]
5 Dale Mortensen 2010 Visiting Professor (1994)[99]
4 Leonid Hurwicz 2007 Visiting Professor (1999), Distinguished Scholar (1984)[100]
3 Vernon L. Smith 2002 B.S; Visiting Professor (1975)[101]
2 Daniel McFadden 2000 Sherman Fairchild Distinguished Visiting Scholar (1990)[102]
1 Robert C. Merton 1997 M.S (1967)[103]

Nobel laureates in Literature
No. Name Year Affiliation with California Institute of Technology

Nobel Peace Prize laureates
No. Name Year Affiliation with California Institute of Technology
1 Linus Pauling 1954 PhD (1925); Professor[69]

See also

Notes
  1. The total number of laureates in natural sciences: Physics, Chemistry, and Physiology or Medicine.
  2. For verification, see "Summary".
  3. This is because, according to Wikipedia policies on no original research and objectivity/neutrality, it is not possible in Wikipedia to subjectively assign various weights to different types of affiliations.

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