List of Nobel laureates affiliated with the University of Oxford

This list of Nobel laureates affiliated with the University of Oxford comprehensively shows the alumni, faculty members as well as researchers of the University of Oxford who were awarded the Nobel Prize or the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences. The Nobel Prizes, established by the 1895 will of Alfred Nobel, are awarded to individuals who make outstanding contributions in the fields of Chemistry, Literature, Peace, Physics, and Physiology or Medicine.[1] An associated prize, the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel (commonly known as the Nobel Prize in Economics), was instituted by Sweden's central bank, Sveriges Riksbank, in 1968 and first awarded in 1969.[2]

The Radcliffe Camera at the University of Oxford. As of October 2020, 72 Nobel laureates have been affiliated with Oxford.

As of October 2020, 72 Nobel laureates have been affiliated with the University of Oxford, and 54 of them are officially listed as "Oxford's Nobel Prize winners" by the university.[3] Among the 72 laureates, 53 are Nobel laureates in natural sciences;[lower-alpha 1] 30 are Oxford alumni (graduates and attendees), and 20 have been long-term academic members of the university faculty or Oxford-affiliated research organisations; and subject-wise, 19 laureates have won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry and in Physiology or Medicine, respectively, more than any other subject.[lower-alpha 2] In particular, Linus Pauling received two Nobel Prizes: he won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1954 and the Nobel Peace Prize in 1962;[4] since this is a list of laureates, not prizes, he is counted only once.

Inclusion criteria
The Quadrangle of Christ Church College at Oxford.

The university affiliations in this list are all official academic affiliations such as degree programs and official academic employment. Non-academic affiliations such as advisory committee and administrative staff are generally excluded. The official academic affiliations fall into three categories: 1) Alumni (graduates and attendees), 2) Long-term Academic Staff, and 3) Short-term Academic Staff. Graduates are defined as those who hold Bachelor's, Master's, Doctorate, or equivalent degrees from the University of Oxford, while attendees are those who formally enrolled in a degree program at Oxford but did not complete the program; thus, honorary degrees, posthumous degrees, summer attendees, exchange students, and auditing students are excluded. The category of "Long-term Academic Staff" consists of tenure/tenure-track and equivalent academic positions, while that of "Short-term Academic Staff" consists of lecturers (without tenure), postdoctoral researchers (postdocs), visiting professors/scholars (visitors), and equivalent academic positions. At University of Oxford, the specific academic title solely determines the type of affiliation, regardless of the actual time the position was held by a laureate.

Further explanations on "visitors" under "Short-term Academic Staff" are presented as follows. 1) All informal or personal visits are excluded from the list; 2) all employment-based visiting positions, which carry teaching/research duties, are included as affiliations in the list; 3) as for award/honor-based visiting positions, to minimise controversy this list takes a conservative view and includes the positions as affiliations only if the laureates were required to assume employment-level duty (teaching/research) or the laureates specifically classified the visiting positions as "affiliation" or similar in reliable sources such as their curriculum vita. In particular, attending meetings and giving public lectures, talks or non-curricular seminars at University of Oxford is not a form of employment-level duty. Finally, summer visitors are generally excluded from the list unless summer work yielded significant end products such as research publications and components of Nobel-winning work, since summer terms are not part of formal academic years.

The official Fellows at the various colleges of Oxford University are long-term academic staff with teaching/research duties. For example, the "George Eastman Visiting Professorship" is an award/honor-based visiting position which carries teaching duty;[5][6] and the "Newton Abraham Visiting Professorship" is an award/honor-based visiting position which carries employment-level duties (Fellow of Lincoln College).[7] On the other hand, various visiting fellowships and honorary fellowships are award/honor-based visiting positions without employment-level duty, which are generally excluded from the list. For example, the "Sanjay Lall Visiting Professorship" and "Christensen Fellowships" at Oxford are award/honor-based visiting positions without employment-level duty.[8][9]

Some visitors and staff not qualified as official academic affiliates
Name Nobel Prize Year Role in University of Oxford
Esther Duflo Economics 2019 Sanjaya Lall Visiting Professor (2018)[10]
Paul Krugman Economics 2008 Sanjaya Lall Visiting Professor (2014)
Kenneth Arrow Economics 1972 Visiting fellow (an award/honor-based visiting position) at All Souls College in 1996.[11][12]

Summary
See also: List of Nobel laureates by university affiliation

All types of affiliations, namely alumni, long-term and short-term academic staff, count equally in the following table and throughout the whole page.[lower-alpha 3]

In the following list, the number following a person's name is the year they received the prize; in particular, a number with asterisk (*) means the person received the award while they were working at the University of Oxford (including emeritus staff). A name underlined implies that this person has already been listed in a previous category (i.e., multiple affiliations).

Category Alumni Long-term academic staff Short-term academic staff
Total: 72 30 20 34
Physics (15)
  1. John M. Kosterlitz - 2016
  2. Anthony Leggett - 2003
  3. Martin Ryle - 1974
  1. Roger Penrose - 2020*
  2. Willis Lamb - 1955
  1. Arthur B. McDonald - 2015
  2. Frank Wilczek - 2004
  3. Anthony Leggett - 2003
  4. William D. Phillips - 1997
  5. Norman Ramsey - 1989
  6. Klaus von Klitzing - 1985
  7. John van Vleck - 1977
  8. Philip W. Anderson - 1977
  9. Erwin Schrödinger - 1933
  10. Arthur Compton - 1927
  11. Albert Einstein - 1921
Chemistry (19)
  1. M. Stanley Whittingham - 2019
  2. John E. Walker - 1997
  3. Dorothy Hodgkin - 1964
  4. Lord Todd - 1957
  5. Cyril Hinshelwood - 1956
  6. John Cornforth - 1975
  7. Frederick Soddy - 1921
  1. John B. Goodenough - 2019
  2. Dorothy Hodgkin - 1964*
  3. Cyril Hinshelwood - 1956*
  4. Robert Robinson - 1947*
  5. Frederick Soddy - 1921*
  1. Stefan Hell - 2014
  2. Martin Karplus - 2013
  3. Ahmed Zewail - 1999
  4. Paul Crutzen - 1995
  5. Rudolph Marcus - 1992
  6. Jean-Marie Lehn - 1987
  7. Robert Mulliken - 1966
  8. Melvin Calvin - 1961
  9. Linus Pauling - 1954
  10. Harold Urey - 1934
  11. Frederick Soddy - 1921
Physiology or Medicine (19)
  1. John Gurdon - 2012
  2. Oliver Smithies - 2007
  3. Sydney Brenner - 2002
  4. John Vane - 1982
  5. Baruch Blumberg - 1976
  6. John C. Eccles - 1963
  7. Peter Medawar - 1960
  8. Howard Florey - 1945
  1. Peter J. Ratcliffe - 2019*
  2. Paul Nurse - 2001
  3. Niko Tinbergen - 1973*
  4. Rodney Porter - 1972*
  5. Peter Medawar - 1960
  6. Hans A. Krebs - 1953
  7. Ernest Chain - 1945*
  8. Charles Sherrington - 1932*
  1. John Gurdon - 2012
  2. Baruch Blumberg - 1976
  3. Ragnar Granit - 1967
  4. Konrad Bloch - 1964
  5. Peter Medawar - 1960
  6. Severo Ochoa - 1959
  7. George Beadle - 1958
Economics (9)
  1. Michael Spence - 2001
  2. Lawrence Klein - 1980
  3. James Meade - 1977
  4. John Hicks - 1972
  1. Joseph Stiglitz - 2001
  2. Amartya Sen - 1998
  3. James Mirrlees - 1996
  4. Lawrence Klein - 1980
  1. Peter Diamond - 2010
  2. Joseph Stiglitz - 2001
  3. Robert Solow - 1987
  4. James Meade - 1977
Literature (5)
  1. V. S. Naipaul - 2001
  2. William Golding - 1983
  3. T. S. Eliot - 1948
  4. John Galsworthy - 1932
  1. Seamus Heaney - 1995
Peace (6)
  1. Malala Yousafzai - 2014
  2. Aung Suu Kyi - 1991
  3. Lester Pearson - 1957
  4. Cecil of Chelwood - 1937
  1. José Ramos-Horta - 1996
  2. Linus Pauling - 1962

Nobel laureates by category

Nobel laureates in Physics
No. Name Year Affiliation with University of Oxford
15 Roger Penrose 2020 Professor[13]
14 John M. Kosterlitz 2016 DPhil[14]
13 Arthur B. McDonald 2015 Visitor (2003, 2009)[15][16]
12 Frank Wilczek 2004 Visiting Professor (Spring 2008)[17]
11 Anthony Leggett 2003 MA, DPhil; Research Associate[18]
10 William D. Phillips 1997 George Eastman Visiting Professor (2002-2003)[19]
9 Norman Ramsey 1989 George Eastman Visiting Professor (1973-1974); Guggenheim Fellow (1953-1954)[20]
8 Klaus von Klitzing 1985 Visiting Researcher at the Clarendon Laboratory (1975-1976)[21]
7 John van Vleck 1977 George Eastman Visiting Professor (1961-1962)[22]
6 Philip W. Anderson 1977 George Eastman Visiting Professor (1993-1994)[23]
5 Martin Ryle 1974 MA, DPhil[24]
4 Willis Lamb 1955 Professor[25]
3 Erwin Schrödinger 1933 Research Fellow (Fellow of Magdalen, 1933–36)[3][26]
2 Arthur Compton 1927 George Eastman Visiting Professor (1934-1935)[5][27]
1 Albert Einstein 1921 Research Fellow at Christ Church (three periods between 1931 and 1933)[28][29]

Nobel laureates in Chemistry
No. Name Year Affiliation with University of Oxford
19 M. Stanley Whittingham 2019 MA, DPhil[30]
18 John B. Goodenough 2019 Professor[31]
17 Stefan Hell 2014 Visiting Scientist, Department of Engineering (1994)[32]
16 Martin Karplus 2013 Postdoctoral Researcher (1953-1955)[33]
15 Ahmed Zewail 1999 Visiting Professor (1991); Christensen Visiting Fellow, St. Catherine's College (1991-1992)[34]
14 John E. Walker 1997 MA, DPhil[35]
13 Paul Crutzen 1995 Postdoctoral Researcher at Clarendon Laboratory(1969-1971)[36][37]
12 Rudolph Marcus 1992 Visiting Professor of Theoretical Chemistry and Professorial Fellow at University College (1975-1976)[38]
11 Jean-Marie Lehn 1987 Newton Abraham Visiting Professor (1999-2000)[39]
10 John Cornforth 1975 DPhil[40]
9 Robert Mulliken 1966 Fulbright Scholar (1952-1954);[41] Visiting Fellow, St. John's College (1952-1953)[42]
8 Dorothy Hodgkin 1964 MA, DPhil; Professor[43]
7 Melvin Calvin 1961 George Eastman Visiting Professor (1967-1968)[44]
6 Lord Todd 1957 DPhil[45]
5 Cyril Hinshelwood 1956 MA, DPhil; Professor[46]
4 Linus Pauling 1954 George Eastman Visiting Professor (1948)[5]
3 Robert Robinson 1947 Professor[47]
2 Harold Urey 1934 George Eastman Visiting Professor (1956-1957)[48]
1 Frederick Soddy 1921 MA; Professor; Researcher[49]

Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine
No. Name Year Affiliation with University of Oxford
19 Peter J. Ratcliffe 2019 Professor[50]
18 John Gurdon 2012 MA, DPhil; Lecturer[51]
17 Oliver Smithies 2007 MA, DPhil[52]
16 Sydney Brenner 2002 DPhil[53]
15 Paul Nurse 2001 Professor[54]
14 John Vane 1982 DPhil[55]
13 Baruch Blumberg 1976 DPhil; George Eastman Visiting Professor (1983-1984)[56]
12 Nikolaas Tinbergen 1973 Professor[57]
11 Rodney Porter 1972 Professor[58]
10 Ragnar Granit 1967 Postdoctoral Researcher (1928) and Rockefeller Fellow (1932-1933)[59]
9 Konrad Bloch 1964 Newton Abraham Professor (1982)[60]
8 John C. Eccles 1963 DPhil[61]
7 Peter Medawar 1960 MA; Fellow, Magdalen College; Senior Research Fellow, St John's College[62]
6 Severo Ochoa 1959 Research Assistant (1938-1941)[63]
5 George Beadle 1958 George Eastman Visiting Professor and Fellow, Balliol College (1958-1959)[3][5]
4 Hans A. Krebs 1953 Professor[64]
3 Howard Florey 1945 MA[65]
2 Ernest Chain 1945 Fellow of University College and Lecturer in Chemical Pathology (1936–48)[3][66]
1 Charles Sherrington 1932 Professor[67]

Nobel Memorial Prize laureates in Economics
No. Name Year Affiliation with University of Oxford
9 Peter Diamond 2010 Visitor in Nuffield College (June–September, 1969) and Balliol College (1973-1974)[68]
8 Michael Spence 2001 MA[69]
7 Joseph Stiglitz 2001 Professor; Visiting Fellow, St. Catherine's College (1973-1974)[70]
6 Amartya Sen 1998 Professor[71]
5 James Mirrlees 1996 Professor[72]
4 Robert Solow 1987 George Eastman Visiting Professor and Fellow, Balliol College (1968-1969)[3][5]
3 Lawrence Klein 1980 MA; Professor[73]
2 James Meade 1977 MA; Lectrurer[74]
1 John Hicks 1972 MA[75]

Nobel laureates in Literature
No. Name Year Affiliation with University of Oxford
5 V. S. Naipaul 2001 MA[76]
4 Seamus Heaney 1995 Professor[77]
3 William Golding 1983 MA[78]
2 T. S. Eliot 1948 Graduate attendee in Merton College (October 1914-May 1915)[79][80]
1 John Galsworthy 1932 MA[81]

Nobel Peace Prize laureates
No. Name Year Affiliation with University of Oxford
6 Malala Yousafzai 2014 BA[82]
5 José Ramos-Horta 1996 Senior Associate Member, St Antony's College (1987)[3]
4 Aung Suu Kyi 1991 MA[83]
3 Linus Pauling 1962 George Eastman Visiting Professor (1948)[5]
2 Lester Pearson 1957 MA[84]
1 Cecil of Chelwood 1937 MA[85]

See also

Notes
  1. The total number of laureates in natural sciences: Physics, Chemistry, and Physiology or Medicine.
  2. For verification, see "Summary".
  3. This is because, according to Wikipedia policies on no original research and objectivity/neutrality, it is not possible in Wikipedia to subjectively assign various weights to different types of affiliations.

References
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