List of leaders of dependent territories in 2015

•  Argentine Antarctica (claimed territory)
  • Administered by the Governor of Tierra del Fuego, Antarctica, and the Islands of the South Atlantic Province of Argentina
  • Argentinian Antarctic claim has not been recognized by the United Nations, US, Russia, or by most other countries.

See also: Antarctic Treaty.

• Ashmore and Cartier Islands (uninhabited territory)
  • Administered by Australian Ministry of Infrastructure and Regional Development to 21 September 2015 and Australian Ministry for Major Projects, Territories, and Local Government after 21 September 2015
• Australian Antarctic Territory (territory)
  • Administered by the Australian Antarctic Division of the Ministry of Environment
  • Australian Antarctic claim has not been recognized by the United Nations, US, Russia, or by most other countries.

See also: Antarctic Treaty.

•  Christmas Island (territory)
  • Administrator – Barry Haase, Administrator of Christmas Island (2014–2017)
  • President of Shire – Gordon Thomson, President of the Christmas Island Shire Council (2013–present)
•  Cocos (Keeling) Islands (territory)
  • Administrator – Barry Haase, Administrator of Christmas Island (2014–2017)
  • President of the Shire
    1. Aindil Minkom, President of the Shire Council of Cocos Island (2011–2015)
    2. Balmut Pirus, President of the Shire Council of Cocos Island (2015–2017) [1]
• Coral Sea Islands (uninhabited territory)
  • Administered by the Australian Ministry of Infrastructure and Regional Development to 21 September 2015 and Ministry for Major Projects, Territories, and Local Government after 21 September 2015
• Heard Island and McDonald Islands (uninhabited territory)
  • Administered by the Australian Antarctic Division of the Ministry of Environment
•  Lord Howe Island (unincorporated, self-governed, area of New South Wales)
  • Chairman of the Lord Howe Island Board
    1. Barney Nichols, Acting Chairman of the Lord Howe Island Board (2014–2015)
    2. Phil Minns, Chairman of the Lord Howe Island Board (2015–2016) [2]
• Macquarie Island (uninhabited territory of Tasmania)
  • Administered by the Park and Wildlife Service of Tasmanian Ministry for Environment, Parks and Heritage
•  Norfolk Island (territory)
  • Administrator – Gary Hardgrave, Administrator of Norfolk Island (2014–2017)
  • Chief Minister – Lisle Snell, Chief Minister of Norfolk Island (2013–2015)
  • Executive Director – Peter Gesling, Executive Director of Norfolk Island (2015–2016) [3]
• Torres Strait Islands (territory with a special status fitting the native land rights)
  • Chairperson of the Torres Strait Regional Authority – Joseph Elu, Chairperson of the Torres Strait Regional Authority (2012–2016)

• Brazilian Antarctica (claimed territory)
  • Chairman of Brazilian National Commission on Antarctic Matters (Minister of External Relations of Brazil) – Mauro Vieira Chairman of Brazilian National Commission on Antarctic Matters (2014-2016)
  • Brazilian Antarctic claim has not been recognized by the United Nations, US, Russia, or by most other countries.

See also: Antarctic Treaty.

•  Chilean Antarctic Territory (claimed territory)
  • Governor of Antártica Chilena Province – Patricio Oyarzo Gaez, Governor of Antártica Chilena Province (2014–2017)
  • Chilean Antarctic claim has not been recognised by the United Nations, US, Russia, or by most other countries.

See also: Antarctic Treaty.

•  Easter Island (territory)
  • Governor of Easter Island Province –
    1. Marta Hotus Tuki, Governor of Easter Island Province (2014–2015)
    2. Melania Carolina Hotu Hey, Governor of Easter Island Province (2015–2018) ) [4]
  • Mayor – Pero Edmunds Paoa, Mayor of Easter Island (2012–present)

•  Hong Kong (special administrative region)
  • Chief Executive – Leung Chun-ying, Chief Executive of Hong Kong (2012–2017)
•  Macau (special administrative region)
  • Chief Executive – Fernando Chui, Chief Executive of Macao (2009–2019)

•  Faroe Islands (autonomous territory)
  • High Commissioner – Dan Michael Knudsen, High Commissioner of the Faroe Islands (2008–2017)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Kaj Leo Johannesen, Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands (2008–2015)
    2. Aksel V. Johannesen, Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands (2015–2019) [5]
•  Greenland (autonomous territory)
  • High Commissioner – Mikaela Engell, High Commissioner of Greenland (2011–present)
  • Prime Minister – Kim Kielsen, Prime Minister of Greenland (2014–present)

•  Galápagos Islands (province)
  • Governor –
    1. Jorge Alfredo Torres Pallo, Governor of Galapagos Island (2008–2015)
    2. Eliécer Cruz Bedón, Governor of Galapagos Island (2015–2017) [6]
  • Chairman of the Governing Council with Special Regime –
    1. María Isabel Salvador, Chairman of the Governing Council with Special Regime of Galapagos Island (2013–2015)
    2. Eliécer Cruz Bedón, Chairman of the Governing Council with Special Regime of Galapagos Island (2015–2017) [7]

•  Åland Islands (autonomous region)
  • Governor – Peter Lindbäck, Governor of Åland Islands (1999–present)
  • Premier
    1. Camilla Gunell, Premier of Åland Islands (2011–2015)
    2. Katrin Sjögren, Premier of Åland Islands (2015–2019) [8]

• Bassas da India (uninhabited territory)
  • Administered by the administrator of French Southern and Antarctic Lands
• Clipperton Island (uninhabited territory)
  • Administered by French minister of Overseas France through the high commissioner of the Republic in French Polynesia
• Europa Island (uninhabited territory)
  • Administered by the administrator of French Southern and Antarctic Lands
•  French Guiana Guyane (overseas département and region)
  • Prefect – Éric Spitz, Prefect of French Guiana (2013–2016)
  • President of the Regional Council – Alain Tien-Liong, President of the Regional Council of Guyane (2011–2015)
  • President of the General Council – Rodolphe Alexandre, President of the General Council of Guyane (2010–2015)
  • President of the Territorial Authority – Rodolphe Alexandre, President of the Territorial Authority of Guyane (2015–present) [9]
•  French Polynesia (overseas country)
  • High Commissioner – Lionel Beffre, High Commissioner of French Polynesia (2013–2016)
  • President – Édouard Fritch, President of French Polynesia (2014–present)
•  French Southern and Antarctic Lands (overseas territory)
  • Administrator-Superior – Cécile Pozzo di Borgo, Administrator-Superior of French Southern and Antarctic Lands (2014–2018)
  • French Antarctic claim (Adélie Land) has not been recognized by the United Nations, US, Russia, or by most other countries.

See also: Antarctic Treaty.

• Glorioso Islands (uninhabited territory)
  • Administered by the administrator of French Southern and Antarctic Lands
•  Guadeloupe (overseas département and region)
  • Prefect – Jacques Billant, Prefect of Guadeloupe (2014–2017)
  • President of the Regional Council
    1. Victorin Lurel, President of the Regional Council of Guadeloupe (2014–2015)
    2. Ary Chalus, President of the Regional Council of Guadeloupe (2015–present) [10]
  • President of the General Council – Jacques Gillot, President of the General Council of Guadeloupe (2001–2015)
  • President of the Departmental Council – Josette Borel-Lincertin, President of the Departmental Council of Guadeloupe (2015–present) [11]
• Juan de Nova (uninhabited territory)
  • Administered by the administrator of French Southern and Antarctic Lands
•  Martinique Martinique (overseas département and region)
  • Prefect – Fabrice Rigoulet-Roze, Prefect of Martinique (2014–2017)
  • President of the Regional Council – Serge Letchimy, President of the Regional Council of Martinique (2010–2015)
  • President of the General Council – Josette Manin, President of the General Council of Martinique (2011–2015)
  • President of the Executive Council – Alfred Marie-Jeanne, President of the Executive Council of Martinique (2015–present) [12]
•  Mayotte (overseas département and region)
  • Prefect – Seymour Morsy, Prefect of Mayotte (2014–2016)
  • President of the General Council – Daniel Zaïdani, President of the General Council of Mayotte (2011–2015)
  • President of the Departmental Council – Soibahadine Ibrahim Ramadani, President of the Departmental Council of Mayotte (2015–present) [13]
•  New Caledonia (overseas country)
  • High Commissioner – Vincent Bouvier, High Commissioner of New Caledonia(2014–2016)
  • President of the Government
    1. Cynthia Ligeard, President of the Government of New Caledonia (2014–2015)
    2. Philippe Germain, President of the Government of New Caledonia (2015–2019) [14]
• Réunion (overseas département and region)
  • Prefect – Dominique Sorain, Prefect of Réunion (2014 -2017)
  • President of the Regional Council – Didier Robert, President of the Regional Council of Réunion (2010–2015)
  • President of the General Council – Nassimah Dindar, President of the General Council of Réunion (2004–2015)
  • President of the Departmental Council – Nassimah Dindar, President of the Departmental Council of Réunion (2015–2017) [15]
•  Saint-Barthélemy (Territorial collectivity)
  • Prefect – The prefect of Guadeloupe is also state representative in Saint-Barthélemy from 9 July 2007.
  • Prefect delegated –
    1. Phillipe Chopin, Prefect delegated of Saint-Barthélemy and Saint-Martin (2011 – 2015)
    2. Anne Laubies, Prefect delegated of Saint-Barthélemy and Saint-Martin (2015 – 2018) [16]
  • President of the Territorial Council – Bruno Magras, President of the Territoria Council of Saint-Barthélemy (2007–present)
• Saint-Martin (Territorial collectivity)
  • Prefect – The prefect of Guadeloupe is also state representative in Saint-Martin from 9 July 2007.
  • Prefect delegated –
    1. Phillipe Chopin, Prefect delegated of Saint-Barthélemy and Saint-Martin (2011 – 2015)
    2. Anne Laubies, Prefect delegated of Saint-Barthélemy and Saint-Martin (2015 – 2018) [17]
  • President of the Territorial Council – Aline Hanson, President of the Territoria Council of Saint-Martin (2013–2017)
•  Saint-Pierre and Miquelon (overseas collectivity)
  • Prefect – Jean-Christophe Bouvier, Prefect of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon (2014–2016)
  • President of the General Council – Stéphane Artano, President of the General Council of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon (2006–2017)
• Tromelin (uninhabited territory)
  • Administered by the administrator of French Southern and Antarctic Lands
•  Wallis and Futuna (overseas collectivity)
  • Administrator-Superior –
    1. Michel Aubouin, Administrator-Superior of Wallis and Futuna (2013–2015)
    2. Marcel Renouf, Administrator-Superior of Wallis and Futuna (2015–2017) [18]
  • President of the Territorial Assembly – Mikaele Kulimoetoke, President of the Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna (2014–2017)
  •  Alo (Chiefdom of Wallis and Futuna)
    • King – Petelo Sea, King of Alofi (2014–2016)
  • &nbspSigave (Chiefdom of Wallis and Futuna)
    • King – vacant (2014–2016)
  •  Wallis (chiefdom of Wallis and Futuna))
    • King – vacant (2014–2016)

•  Aruba (autonomous territory)
  • Governor – Fredis Refunjol, Governor of Aruba (2004–2016)
  • Prime Minister – Mike Eman, Prime Minister of Aruba (2009–2017)
•  Bonaire (special municipality)
  • Lieutenant Governor – Edison Rijna, Lieutenant Governor of Bonaire (2014–present)
•  Curaçao (autonomous territory)
  • Governor – Lucille George-Wout, Governor of Curaçao (2013–present)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Ivar Asjes, Prime Minister of Curaçao (2013–2015)
    2. Ben Whiteman, Prime Minister of Curaçao (2015–2016) [19]
•  Saba (special municipality)
  • Lieutenant Governor – Jonathan G. A. Johnson, Lieutenant Governor of Saba (2008–present)
•  Sint Eustatius (special municipality)
  • Lieutenant Governor – Gerald Berkel, Lieutenant Governor of Sint Eustatius (2010–2016)
•  Sint Maarten (autonomous territory)
  • Governor – Eugene Holiday, Governor of Sint Maarten (2010–present)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Marcel Gumbs, Prime Minister of Sint Maarten (2014–2015)
    2. William Marlin, Prime Minister of Sint Maarten (2015–2017) [20]

•  Cook Islands (self-governing territory)
  • High Commissioner
    1. Aimee Jephson, Acting High Commissioner of the Cook Islands (2014–2015)
    2. Nick Hurley, High Commissioner of the Cook Islands (2015–2017) [21]
  • Queen's Representative – Tom Marsters, Queen's Representative of the Cook Islands (2013–present)
  • Prime Minister – Henry Puna, Prime Minister of the Cook Islands (2010–2020)
•  Niue (associated state)
  • High Commissioner – Ross Ardern, High Commissioner of Niue (2014–2018)
  • Premier – Toke Talagi, Premier of Niue (2008–2020)
  • Ross Dependency (New Zealand Antarctic Territory) (territory)
  • Administered by the New Zealand Antarctic Division
  • New Zeelnand Antarctic claim has not been recognized by the United Nations, US, Russia, or by most other countries.

See also: Antarctic Treaty

•  Tokelau (territory)
  • Administrator –
    1. Jonathan Kings, Administrator of Tokelau (2011–2015)
    2. Linda te Puni, Administrator of Tokelau (2015–2016) [22]
  • Head of Government
    1. Kuresa Nasau, Head of Government of Tokelau (2014–2015)
    2. Siopili Perez, Head of Government of Tokelau (2015–2016) [23]

• Bouvet Island (territory)
  • Administered by the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice and Public Security from Oslo
• Jan Mayen (territory)
  • Administered by Governor of Nordland county of Norway
• Peter I Island (territory)
  • Administered by the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice and Public Security from Oslo
• Norwegian Antarctic Territory (Queen Maud Land) (territory)
  • Administered by the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice and Public Security from Oslo
  • Norwegian Antarctic claim has not been recognized by the United Nations, US, Russia, or by most other countries.

See also: Antarctic Treaty.

• Svalbard (territory)
  • Governor –
    1. Odd Olsen Ingerø, Governor of Svalbard (2009–2015)
    2. Kjerstin Askholt, Governor of Svalbard (2015–present) [24]

•  Azores (autonomous region)
  • Representative of the (Portuguese) Republic – Pedro Manuel dos Reis Alves Catarino, Representative of the Republic In Azores (2011–present)
  • President of the Government – Vasco Cordeiro, President of the Government of the Azores (2012–2020t)
•  Madeira (autonomous region)
  • Representative of the (Portuguese) Republic – Irineu Cabral Barreto, Representative of the Republic In Madeira (2011–present)
  • President of the Government
    1. Alberto João Jardim, President of the Government of the Madeira (1978–2015)
    2. Miguel Albuquerque, President of the Government of the Madeira (2015–present) [25]

• Alborán Island (uninhabited territory)
  • Administered by Ayuntamiento de Almería the Comarca of Almería of Spain
• Peñón de Alhucemas (uninhabited territory)
  • Administered by Spanish Government
•  Canary Islands (autonomous community)
  • Government Delegate –
    1. María del Carmen Hernández Bento, Government Delegate in Canary Island (2011–2015)
    2. Enrique Hernández Bento, Government Delegate in Canary Island (2015–2016) [26]
  • President
    1. Paulino Rivero, President of the Canary Islands (2007–2015)
    2. Fernando Clavijo Batlle, President of the Canary Islands (2015–2019) [27]
•  Ceuta (autonomous city)
  • Government Delegate –
    1. Francisco Antonio González Pérez, Government Delegate in Ceuta (2011–2015)
    2. Nicolás Fernández Cucurull, Government Delegate in Ceuta (2015–2018) [28]
  • Mayor-President – Juan Jesús Vivas Lara, Mayor-President of Ceuta (2001–present)
• Chafarinas Islands (uninhabited territory)
  • Administered by Spanish Government
•  Melilla (autonomous city)
  • Government Delegate – Abdelmalik El Barkani Abdelkader, Government Delegate in Melilla (2011–2018)
  • Mayor-President – Juan José Imbroda, Mayor-President of Melilla (2000–2019)
• Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera (uninhabited territory)
  • Administered by Spanish Government

• Prince Edward Islands (uninhabited territory)
  • Administered by Director of Southern Ocean and Antarctic Support of the South African ministry for Branch of Oceans and Coasts of the Department of Environmental Affairs

• • Akrotiri and Dhekelia (overseas territory)
  • Administrator
    1. Richard J. Cripwell, Administrator of Akrotiri and Dhekelia (2013–2015)
    2. Mike Wigston, Administrator of Akrotiri and Dhekelia (2015–2017) [29]
•  Anguilla (overseas territory)
  • Governor – Christina Scott, Governor of Anguilla (2013–2017)
  • Chief Minister
    1. Hubert Hughes, Chief Minister of Anguilla (2010–2015)
    2. Victor Banks, Chief Minister of Anguilla (2015–2020) [30]
•  Bermuda (overseas territory)
  • Governor – George Fergusson, Governor of Bermuda (2012–2016)
  • Premier – Michael Dunkley, Premier of Bermuda (2014–2017)
•  British Antarctic Territory (overseas territory)
  • Commissioner – Peter Hayes, Commissioner of the British Antarctic Territory (2012–2016)
  • Administrator – Henry Burgess, Administrator of the British Antarctic Territory (2011–2016)
  • British Antarctic claim has not been recognised by the United Nations, US, Russia, or by most other countries.

See also: Antarctic Treaty.

•  British Indian Ocean Territory (Chagos Islands) (overseas territory)
  • Commissioner – Peter Hayes, Commissioner of the British Indian Ocean Territory (2012–2016)
  • Administrator – Tom Moody, Administrator of British Indian Ocean Territory (2013–2016)
•  British Virgin Islands (overseas territory)
  • Governor – John Duncan, Governor of the British Virgin Islands (2014–2017)
  • Premier – Orlando Smith, Premier of the British Virgin Islands (2011–2019)
•  Cayman Islands (overseas territory)
  • Governor – Helen Kilpatrick, Governor of the Cayman Islands (2013–2018)
  • Premier – Alden McLaughlin, Premier of the Cayman Islands (2013–present)
•  Falkland Islands (overseas territory)
  • Governor – Colin Roberts, Governor of the Falkland Islands (2014–2017)
  • Chief Executive – Keith Padgett, Chief Executive of the Falkland Islands (2012–2016)
•  Gibraltar (overseas territory)
  • Governor
    1. Sir James Dutton, Governor of Gibraltar (2013–2015)
    2. Alison MacMillan, Interim Governor of Gibraltar (2015–2016)
  • Chief Minister – Fabian Picardo, Chief Minister of Gibraltar (2011–present)
•  Guernsey (crown dependency)
  • Monarch – Elizabeth II, Duke of Normandy (1952–present)
  • Lieutenant-Governor
    1. Peter Walker, Lieutenant-Governor of Guernsey (2011–2015)
    2. Sir Richard Collas, Acting Lieutenant-Governor of Guernsey (2015–2016) [31]
  • Bailiff – Sir Richard Collas, Bailiff of Guernsey (2012–2020)
  • Chief minister – Jonathan Le Tocq, Chief Minister of Guernsey (2014–2016)
  •  Alderney (self-governing island)
    • Head of Government – Stuart Trought, President of the States of Alderney (2011 – 2019)
  •  Sark (self-governing island)
    • Seigneur – John Michael Beaumont, Seigneur of Sark (1974 – 2016)
•  Jersey (crown dependency)
  • Monarch – Elizabeth II, Duke of Normandy (1952–present)
  • Lieutenant-Governor – Sir John McColl, Lieutenant-Governor of Jersey (2011–2016)
  • Bailiff –
    1. Michael Birt, Bailiff of Jersey (2009–2015)
    2. William Bailhache, Bailiff of Jersey (2015–2019) [32]
  • Chief Minister – Ian Gorst, Chief Minister of Jersey (2011–2018)
•  Isle of Man (crown dependency)
  • Monarch – Elizabeth II, Lord of Mann (1952–present)
  • Lieutenant-Governor – Adam Wood, Lieutenant-Governor of Man (2011–2016)
  • Chief minister – Allan Bell, Chief Minister of the Isle of Man (2011–2016)
•  Montserrat (overseas territory)
  • Governor
    1. Adrian Davis, Governor of Montserrat (2011–2015)
    2. Alric Taylor, Acting Governor of Montserrat (2015) [33]
    3. Elizabeth Carriere, Governor of Montserrat (2015–2018) [34]
  • Premier – Donaldson Romeo, Premier of Montserrat (2014–2019)
•  Pitcairn Islands (overseas territory)
  • Governor – Jonathan Sinclair, Governor of the Pitcairn Islands (2014–2017)
  • Administrator – Alan Richmond, Administrator of the Pitcairn Islands (2014–2016)
  • Mayor – Shawn Christian, Mayor of the Pitcairn Islands (2014–2019)
• Saint Helena and Dependencies (overseas territory)
  • Governor
    1. Mark Andrew Capes, Governor of Saint Helena (2011–2016)
    2. Sean Burns, Acting Governor of Saint Helena (2015) [35]
  •  Ascension (Dependency of Saint Helena)
    • Administrator – Marc Holland, Administrator of Ascension Island (2014–2018)
  •  Tristan da Cunha (Dependency of Saint Helena)
    • Administrator
      1. Alex Mitham, Administrator of Tristan da Cunha (2013–2016)
      2. Chris Standing, Acting Administrator of Tristan da Cunha (2015) [36]
•  South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (overseas territory)
  • Administrated by the Governor of the Falkland Islands
•  Turks and Caicos Islands (overseas territory)
  • Governor – Peter Beckingham, Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands (2013–2016)
  • Premier – Rufus Ewing, Premier of the Turks and Caicos Islands (2012–2016)

•  American Samoa (unincorporated territory)
  • Governor – Lolo Matalasi Moliga, Governor of American Samoa (2013–2021)
• Baker Island (unincorporated territory)
  • Administrated by US Department of the Interior
•  Guam (unincorporated territory)
  • Governor – Eddie Calvo, Governor of Guam (2011–2019)
• Guantanamo Bay (rented naval station)
  • Commander
    1. capt. John R. Nettleton, Commander of Guantanamo Bay Naval Station (2012–2015)
    2. Scott Gray, Acting Commander of Guantanamo Bay Naval Station (2015) [37]
    3. David Culpepper, Commander of Guantanamo Bay Naval Station (2015–2018) [38]
• Howland Island (unincorporated territory)
  • Administered by US Department of the Interior
• Jarvis Island (unincorporated territory)
  • Administered by US Department of the Interior
• Johnston Atoll (unincorporated territory)
  • Administered by US Department of the Interior
• Kingman Reef (unincorporated territory)
  • Administered by US Department of the Interior
• Midway Islands (unincorporated territory)
  • Administered by US Department of the Interior
• Navassa Island (unincorporated territory)
  • Administered by US Department of the Interior
•  Northern Mariana Islands (commonwealth)
  • Governor
    1. Eloy Inos, Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands (2013–2015)
    2. Ralph Torres, Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands (2015–present) [39]
• Palmyra Atoll (incorporated territory)
  • Administered by US Department of the Interior
•  Puerto Rico (commonwealth)
  • Governor – Alejandro García Padilla, Governor of Puerto Rico (2013–2017)
•  United States Virgin Islands (unincorporated territory)
  • Governor
    1. John de Jongh, Governor of the US Virgin Islands (2007–2015)
    2. Kenneth Mapp, Governor of the US Virgin Islands (2015–2019) [40]
•  Wake Island (unincorporated territory)
  • Administered by US Department of the Interior

•  Antarctica (territory with international status under the regulations of Antarctic Treaty, signed by 50 states, uninhabited territory)
  • Executive Secretary – Manfred Reinke (Germany), Executive Secretary of Antarctic Treaty Secretariat (2009–2017)
• Marie Byrd Land
  • Unclaimed territory in Antarctica
• Paracel Islands
  • Occupied by the People's Republic of China; claimed by Vietnam and the Republic of China (Taiwan)
• Spratly Islands
  • Claimed in their entirety by the People's Republic of China, the Republic of China (Taiwan), and Vietnam; portions claimed by Malaysia and the Philippines; about 45 islands are occupied by relatively small numbers of military forces from the People's Republic of China, Malaysia, the Philippines, the Republic of China (Taiwan), and Vietnam; Brunei has established a fishing zone that overlaps a southern reef, but has not made any formal claim

• List of current dependent territory leaders

• Rulers—a list of rulers throughout time and places
• WorldStatesmen—an online encyclopedia of the leaders of nations and territories