List of shipwrecks in 1877

The list of shipwrecks in 1877 includes ships sunk, foundered, grounded, or otherwise lost during 1877.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.
table of contents
1877
Jan Feb Mar Apr
May Jun Jul Aug
Sep Oct Nov Dec
Unknown date
References

January

2 January
List of shipwrecks: 2 January 1877
ShipCountryDescription
Massachusetts  United States The schooner stranded off Cape Cod one mile (1.6 km) west of the Peaked Hill, Massachusetts Life Saving Station in a thick snowstorm. Three of her crew made it to shore, one drowned when swept overboard by a wave.[1]
Walter Irving  United States The schooner stranded on a bar off Cape Cod two miles (3.2 km) east of the Peaked Hill, Massachusetts Life Saving Station in a thick snowstorm. Her crew made it to shore in her boat.[2]

3 January
List of shipwrecks: 3 January 1877
ShipCountryDescription
Champion of the Seas  United Kingdom The clipper ship was abandoned in a leaking condition off Cape Horn. The barque Windsor ( United Kingdom) rescued her crew.

5 January
List of shipwrecks: 5 January 1877
ShipCountryDescription
George Cromwell  United States The steamer was wrecked in Placentia Bay on the coast of Newfoundland. Her entire crew of 30 perished.[3]

6 January
List of shipwrecks: 6 January 1877
ShipCountryDescription
Simala (or Simola)  United States The 1,000-ton full-rigged ship sank in the North Atlantic Ocean off Harvey Cedars, New Jersey, during a storm. Her crew of 20 survived.[4][5]

7 January
List of shipwrecks: 7 January 1877
ShipCountryDescription
L'Amerique  France
Illustration of L'Amerique aground, from Harper's Weekly, 27 January 1877.
During a voyage from Le Havre, France, to New York City, the 4,583-gross register ton sidewheel paddle steamer was stranded on the beach at Seabright, New Jersey between Life Saving Station No. 3 and No. 4 in rain and heavy seas. Three of her crew drowned when one of her lifeboats capsized. Everyone else on board — 54 passengers and 46 crew members — plus 550 pounds (249 kg) of gold were saved. She was refloated on 10 April and returned to service.[6][7][8]

11 January
List of shipwrecks: 11 January 1877
ShipCountryDescription
Glance  New Zealand The 19-ton cutter was wrecked on Shoe Island, off the coast of the Coromandel Peninsula, New Zealand.[9]

20 January
List of shipwrecks: 20 January 1877
ShipCountryDescription
George Washington  United States The steamer wrecked on Cape Race. Lost with all 25 crew.[10][11]

24 January
List of shipwrecks: 20 January 1877
ShipCountryDescription
Essie  United Kingdom The schooner burned at sea. Her crew rescued by the steamer Imbras ( United Kingdom) and taken to Gibraltar.[12]

27 January
List of shipwrecks: 27 January 1877
ShipCountryDescription
George Green  United States The ship sank at sea off Dartmouth, England with all 24 hands.[13]

February

14 February
List of shipwrecks: 14 February 1877
ShipCountryDescription
Halcyon  New Zealand The 24-ton steamer was anchored at Orepuki, Foveaux Strait, New Zealand when a heavy swell arose. The master raised the anchor and attempted to take to the sea, but the port engine failed, and before the anchor could again be lowered she was dashed on rocks. All hands were saved.[9]

22 February
List of shipwrecks: 22 February 1877
ShipCountryDescription
Golden Fleece  United States The clipper ship ran aground in the mouth of the Rio de la Plata off Uruguay. She was refloated and surveyed at Montevideo, where she was deemed a constructive total loss.

24 February
List of shipwrecks: 24 February 1877
ShipCountryDescription
Eli Whitney  New Zealand The steamer Taupo collided with the 540-ton hulk Eli Whitney, formerly a barque, in Wellington Harbour in the middle of the night. Taupo's captain thought it was a minor blow with no damage, and Taupo continued on its way. Eli Whitney however, was holed and sank quickly. The hulk-keeper made it to shore, but his wife and child were drowned.[14]

27 February
List of shipwrecks: 27 February 1877
ShipCountryDescription
Express  New Zealand The 136-ton steamer parted her cable while moored at Riverton, New Zealand, and swung onto rocks, holing herself. Despite efforts to save her, the hole was too great for pumps to keep up, and she eventually sank on 1 March.[15]

Unknown date
List of shipwrecks: Unknown date 1877
ShipCountryDescription
Ethel  United Kingdom The steamship was wrecked on Black Rock, Lundy Island, in the Bristol Channel, with the loss of nineteen of her twenty crew.[16]

March

2 March
List of shipwrecks: 2 March 1877
ShipCountryDescription
Margaret and Lucy  United States The schooner stranded on a bar 1.75 miles (2.8 km) north of the Toms River Life-Saving Station at Toms River, New Jersey, during a rainstorm. She broke up immediately with the loss of all seven hands.[17]

10 March
List of shipwrecks: 10 March 1877
ShipCountryDescription
Agnes  New South Wales The wooden brigantine was wrecked on the breakwater at Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia, while arriving in ballast from Sydney.

17 March
List of shipwrecks: 17 March 1877
ShipCountryDescription
Rusland  Belgium
Rusland aground, from Harper's Weekly, 7 April 1877.
Bound from Antwerp, Belgium, to New York City carrying either 200 passengers or 200 passengers and crew (sources disagree) and a cargo of plate glass and iron wire, the 2,538-gross register ton Red Star Line steamer was wrecked at Long Branch, New Jersey, in a gale with heavy fog, coming to rest on top of the 1859 wreck of the barque Adonis. All on board survived and had been brought ashore by the morning of 18 March. She broke in half on 8 April and was declared a total loss, and her wreck eventually sank in 25 feet (8 m) of water. Her wreck and that of Adonis are known as the "Dual Wrecks."[18]

20 March
List of shipwrecks: 20 March 1877
ShipCountryDescription
Clyde  New Zealand The 40-ton schooner went ashore on Mahia Peninsula, New Zealand and was wrecked while she was en route from Lyttelton Harbour to Auckland. All hands were saved.[19]

21 March
List of shipwrecks: 21 March 1877
ShipCountryDescription
Ocean Mail  New Zealand The 1,039-ton clipper left Wellington on 16 March, taking part on a race to London with the clippers Avalanche and Crusader. Crusader won the race, taking 69 days to complete the voyage, with the Avalanche arriving nine days later. Ocean Mail, however, only made it as far as the Chatham Islands, hitting a reef off the north coast of the main island. All passengers and crew were safely landed, but the ship became a total wreck.[20]

Unknown date
List of shipwrecks: Unknown date in March 1877
ShipCountryDescription
Bayonnaise  French Navy
Damage caused to Bayonnaise by a spar torpedo.
The Bayonnaise-class corvette was sunk by a spar torpedo in an experiment.[21]

April

1 April
List of shipwrecks: 1 April 1877
ShipCountryDescription
Theresa  New Zealand The 36-ton schooner was wrecked in Cloudy Bay, New Zealand.[22]

16 April
List of shipwrecks: 16 April 1877
ShipCountryDescription
Elizabeth  United Kingdom The smack was lost off Cardigan. Her two crew were rescued by John Stuart ( Royal National Lifeboat Institution).[23]
Mary Helen  United Kingdom The schooner sprang a leak off Ceibwr Bay and was abandoned by her crew. She was on a voyage from Glasgow, Renfrewshire to Bristol, Gloucestershire. Mary Helen was taken in to Cardigan the next day by John Stuart ( Royal National Lifeboat Institution).[23]

19 April
List of shipwrecks: 19 April 1877
ShipCountryDescription
Isabella Ridley The 233-ton wooden barque was wrecked at Timaru, New Zealand when she was washed ashore by a heavy swell. A total absence of any breeze made her unmanageable and the surf pushed her onto rocks.[24]

Unknown date
List of shipwrecks: Unknown date April 1877
ShipCountryDescription
Bonnie Lass  New Zealand The 39-ton schooner left Lyttelton Harbour on 3 April, bound for Hokitika, with four crew on board. She was not seen again.[22]
Edward  New Zealand The 36-ton schooner left Lyttelton Harbour on 4 April with a crew of four, bound for Le Bon's Bay, a short trip which should have taken less than a day. She was not seen until 7 April, when she was sighted struggling to make landfall against a strong gale. She was not seen again.[22]
Kate Brain  New Zealand The 118-ton brigantine carrying grain and with a crew of six, left Timaru for Auckland early in April and was not seen again.[22]

May

9 May
List of shipwrecks: 9 May 1877
ShipCountryDescription
Dakota  United Kingdom The Guion Line vessel left Liverpool for America under Captain Price with 218 passengers and 109 crew, and 1,800 tons of general cargo. At 9.30 pm, when abreast of Point Lynas Lighthouse, the captain gave order to port the helm. This order was misunderstood and the helm was put to starboard, thus throwing the vessel off her course. The mistake was noticed too late and although the engines were reversed, Dakota was stranded at the East Mouse, near Amlwch on Anglesey. All those on board got off in safety, but the ship broke in two the next day and became a total wreck.[25]

11 May
List of shipwrecks: 11 May 1877
ShipCountryDescription
Lüft-ü Celil  Ottoman Navy
Illustration of Lüft-ü Celil exploding in the distance.
Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878): The ironclad warship exploded and sank in the Danube River off Izmail after being hit by Russian artillery, suffering about 160 killed. The river monitor Feth-ül İslam ( Ottoman Navy) picked up 20 survivors.

13 May
List of shipwrecks: 13 May 1877
ShipCountryDescription
William Gifford The 232-ton barque left Oamaru, New Zealand for Port Chalmers on 11 May and quickly developed a leak. The pumps were manned but the wind blew the ship off course and it missed the entrance to Otago Harbour. Course was set for Bluff, but the water in the hold made the ship unmanageable. She was run ashore in Toetoes Bay to save the lives of the crew and quickly became a total wreck.[19]

16 May
List of shipwrecks: 16 May 1877
ShipCountryDescription
Feronia The 329-ton barque stranded and became a wreck near the entrance to Kaipara Harbour, New Zealand.[19]

26 May
List of shipwrecks: 26 May 1877
ShipCountryDescription
Seyfi  Ottoman Navy Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878): The Hizbir-class river monitor was sunk with a spar torpedo by the torpedo boat Rândunica ( Royal Romanian Navy), in the Danube River near Măcin. The first instance in history when a torpedo craft sank its target without also sinking.[26][27][28]

June

14 June
List of shipwrecks: 14 June 1877
ShipCountryDescription
Dawn  New Zealand The 21-ton cutter stranded close to the mouth of the Waikato River, and became a complete wreck.[29]

Unknown date
List of shipwrecks: Unknown date June 1877
ShipCountryDescription
Dante  New Zealand The 16-ton cutter left Manukau Harbour, New Zealand on 11 June for Waitara, and was not seen again. She had a crew of three.[29]
Java  United States The 309-ton whaling bark was lost in the Bering Sea.[30]
Kaikoura  New Zealand The 31-ton schooner left its namesake port in New Zealand on 5 June for Greymouth, and was not seen again. She had a crew of three. Some wreckage washed ashore near Charleston, north of Greymouth, was identified as being from the Kaikoura.[29]

July

3 July
List of shipwrecks: 3 July 1877
ShipCountryDescription
The Thames  UKGBI The steamship ran aground on the Yenisei River in Russia and became a constructive total loss.

14 July
List of shipwrecks: 14 July 1877
ShipCountryDescription
Mera  New Zealand The 237-ton schooner stranded close to the mouth of the Hokianga Harbour, northern New Zealand, when the wind dropped while she was pushing through a heavy swell.[29]

18 July
List of shipwrecks: 18 July 1877
ShipCountryDescription
Osborne  United Kingdom The steamship was wrecked on the Ortiz Bank, in the River Plate with the loss of three of her crew. She was on a voyage from Hull, Yorkshire to Buenos Aires, Argentina.[31]

25 July
List of shipwrecks: 25 July 1877
ShipCountryDescription
City of Hobart  Tasmania The collier sprang a leak and foundered 60 nautical miles (110 km) northeast of Wilson's Promontory, Victoria. She was on a voyage from Hobart to Melbourne, South Australia.[32]
Cumberland  Canada
Cumberland's wreck, ca. 2008.
The sidewheel paddle steamer ran aground on a reef in Lake Superior off the west coast of Isle Royale near Rock of Ages Light. Salvage attempts failed, and she broke up on the reef on 18 August and was completely submerged by early September.

August

3 August
List of shipwrecks: 3 August 1877
ShipCountryDescription
Quiver  New Zealand The 20-ton ketch was struck amidships by the steamer Taranaki off Banks Peninsula, New Zealand and sank. Both crew were rescued by the Taranaki.[29]

5 August
List of shipwrecks: 5 August 1877
ShipCountryDescription
Lillie Parsons  Canada The schooner sank after hitting rocks in the Saint Lawrence Seaway, Canada.

6 August
List of shipwrecks: 6 August 1877
ShipCountryDescription
Bencleugh  New Zealand The 66-ton schooner parted her cables at Macquarie Island, Australia, during a fierce storm. One crew member suffered a major fracture of the thigh from which he died.[29]
Queen Bee  United Kingdom The 726-ton barque ran aground on Farewell Spit, New Zealand, at midnight on 6–7 August while en route from London to Nelson, New Zealand and subsequently broke up. All passengers were rescued by the naval cutter Aurora ( Royal Navy) from one of the ship's two boats, while the crew — who had taken to the other, less stable boat — were picked up by the steamer Manawatu ( New Zealand). One life, that of the ship's carpenter, was lost.[33]

13 August
List of shipwrecks: 13 August 1877
ShipCountryDescription
Robina Dunlop unknown The 493-ton barque ran ashore and became a wreck at the mouth of the Turakina River, New Zealand, while en route from Wellington to Batavia. All 14 on board survived.[34]

18 August
List of shipwrecks: 18 August 1877
ShipCountryDescription
Echo  New Zealand The 27-ton schooner was wrecked at Raglan, New Zealand. She hit the bar at the mouth of Raglan Harbour, damaging her steering gear, and became stranded. Two crewmen drowned.[35]

20 August
List of shipwrecks: 20 August 1877
ShipCountryDescription
Lionel  New Zealand The 15-ton steamer foundered at the entrance to Whangape Harbour, New Zealand when she capsized after being hit by surging waves. Five crew were lost.[36]

September

4 September
List of shipwrecks: 4 September 1877
ShipCountryDescription
Mary Ann Hudson  New Zealand The 15-ton ketch stranded on the bar of the Mohaka River, New Zealand, and became a total wreck.[36]

11 September
List of shipwrecks: 11 September 1877
ShipCountryDescription
Three Brothers  United States The 357-ton whaling bark was abandoned in the Arctic Ocean near Point Barrow, Territory of Alaska, after ice stove in her hull.[37]

15 September
List of shipwrecks: 15 September 1877
ShipCountryDescription
W. A. Farnsworth  United States The 432-ton whaling bark capsized and sank in the Beaufort Sea off Point Barrow, Territory of Alaska, about 50 nautical miles (93 km; 58 mi) east of Cape Lisburne 20 minutes after she struck a piece of ice that stove in her bow. Her entire crew took to her whaleboats and were rescued by the bark Thomas Pope ( United States).[38]

16 September
List of shipwrecks: 16 September 1877
ShipCountryDescription
Miranda  New Zealand The 23-ton cutter was wrecked after stranding on Great Barrier Island, New Zealand.[36]

19 September
List of shipwrecks: 19 September 1877
ShipCountryDescription
Black Watch  Canada The full-rigged ship was wrecked on the coast of Fair Isle in the Shetland Islands while attempting to navigate a channel at night in misty weather.

27 September
List of shipwrecks: 27 September 1877
ShipCountryDescription
Magnolia  United States The Ocean Steamship Company sidewheel paddle steamer sank in a storm. There were no casualties.

October

5 October
List of shipwrecks: 5 October 1877
ShipCountryDescription
Tioga  United States The steamer caught fire and burned out, sinking the next day in Lake Ontario near Point Pelee, Ontario. The crew escaped to barges she was towing and they were brought in by Badger State ( United States).[39][40]

14 October
List of shipwrecks: 14 October 1877
ShipCountryDescription
Jane Elkin  New Zealand The 25-ton ketch was wrecked when it hit a boulder while crossing the bar at the mouth of the Patea River, New Zealand.[36]

16 October
List of shipwrecks: 16 October 1877
ShipCountryDescription
William Van Name  United States Struck the Seven Stones Reef while bound for Queenstown for orders. Captain Cogniss and his crew of eleven were picked up by the schooner Caroline of Looe and landed at Penzance, Cornwall.[41]

24 October
List of shipwrecks: 24 October 1877
ShipCountryDescription
Clan Alpine  New Zealand The 40-ton schooner foundered when hit by a violent storm off the Kaikoura Peninsula, New Zealand. Wreckage was discovered several days later, but no sign was found of her crew of four.[42]

November

3 November
List of shipwrecks: 3 November 1877
ShipCountryDescription
Harewood  United Kingdom The Newcastle ship was found abandoned (at latitude 45.44, longitude 39.55) in the Atlantic by Abyssinia ( United Kingdom) of the Cunard Line.[43]

7 November
List of shipwrecks: 7 November
ShipCountryDescription
Podgorice  Ottoman Navy Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878): The river monitor was shelled and sunk by Romanian coastal artillery.[44]

8 November
List of shipwrecks: 8 November 1877
ShipCountryDescription
Haswell  United Kingdom The paddle tug foundered in the Bristol Channel off Oxwich, Glamorgan. Her eight crew were rescued by the pilot cutter Benson ( United Kingdom).[16]

10 November
List of shipwrecks: 10 November 1877
ShipCountryDescription
Waihopai  New Zealand The 44-ton schooner was wrecked near the mouth of Wellington Harbour while arriving from the Marlborough Sounds during a gale. All hands were saved, but the ship and cargo were lost.[45]

13 November
List of shipwrecks: 13 November 1877
ShipCountryDescription
Paul et Marie  France The schooner, with a cargo of wheat, was dismasted after hitting the Seven Stones Reef. She was later brought into the nearby Isles of Scilly as a derelict.[41]

21 November
List of shipwrecks: 21 November 1877
ShipCountryDescription
Hibernia  United Kingdom The Telegraph Construction and Maintenance Company-owned cable-laying ship sank at anchor at Alagoas, Brazil.

24 November
List of shipwrecks: 24 November 1877
ShipCountryDescription
USS Huron  United States Navy The sloop-rigged steam gunboat stranded in a gale three miles (4.8 km) south of the Nags Head, North Carolina Life Saving Station and later broke up. Ninety-eight lives were lost including Captain Gutherie, Superintendant of the 6th District of the United States Life Saving Service during rescue operations.[46]

Unknown date
List of shipwrecks: Unknown date 1877
ShipCountryDescription
Charles Davenport  United Kingdom The full-rigged ship was wrecked after hitting a jetty in a storm at Margate, United Kingdom[47]

December

6 December
List of shipwrecks: 6 December 1877
ShipCountryDescription
Johann  Norway The barque ran aground on the Scarweather Sands, in the Bristol Channel. Her crew were rescued by Chafyn Grove ( Royal National Lifeboat Institution) and Velindra ( United Kingdom).[16]

15 December
List of shipwrecks: 15 December 1877
ShipCountryDescription
Nordlyset  Denmark The steamship foundered off Texel, North Holland with the loss of nine of her 23 crew. She was on a voyage from Riga, Russia to Antwerp, Belgium.[48]

22 December
List of shipwrecks: 22 December 1877
ShipCountryDescription
Craig Ellachie unknown The 226-ton brig went ashore at Timaru, New Zealand and became a total wreck when she parted her cables during a storm.[45]

26 December
List of shipwrecks: 22 December 1877
ShipCountryDescription
Walmer Castle  United Kingdom A fire of unknown origin destroyed Walmer Castle at Batavia.[49]

Unknown date
List of shipwrecks: Unknown date 1877
ShipCountryDescription
Clara Bell  United States Abandoned in the ice in the Beaufort Sea a few miles south of Cape Smith (70°40′N 151°30′W) on the north coast of the Territory of Alaska during the whaling season of 1876, the 196-ton whaling bark was found at anchor and clear of ice in 1877, partially stripped by Alaska Natives. Passing ships further stripped her. Around 20 September 1877 she broke loose and drifted off to the northeast. She was last seen off Harrison Bay before she disappeared in the Beaufort Sea.[50]
Cleone  United States The 347-ton whaling bark was lost in Saint Lawrence Bay on the coast of Saint Lawrence Island in the Bering Sea.[50]
Concordia  United Kingdom The barque was abandoned on an unknown date and position. The master of James Sprott was fined £100 plus costs for not reporting the hulk, and for boarding somewhere between San Francisco and Cape Town and removing items. Concordia of Bristol was carrying coal, rope, butter, rifles and pistols.[51]
Ethel  United Kingdom The schooner struck the Seven Stones Reef but sustained little damage and headed for Plymouth. Her captain and mate had their certificates withdrawn.[52]
May Queen  New Zealand The 78-ton schooner left Auckland for Tonga on 18 March, with a crew of nine. It was never seen again.[53]
Nelly The schooner was found (in early May 1878) in a bad state by the sealing schooner Tungus in a bay on the east side of Great Schantar Island in the Sea of Okhotsk, Russia. The last entry in the ship's log is for 16 April 1877. Five bodies were found ashore.[54]
Orakau  New Zealand The 44-ton barge went ashore and was wrecked at the mouth of the Waikato River sometime during 1877.[45]

References

Notes
  1. "Annual report of the United States Life Saving Service, Year ending June 30, 1877". University of Michigan. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
  2. "Annual report of the United States Life Saving Service, Year ending June 30, 1877". University of Michigan. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
  3. "Annual report of the United States Life Saving Service, Year ending June 30, 1877". University of Michigan. Retrieved 25 November 2019.
  4. njscuba.net Simala
  5. Barnegat Inlet to Little Egg Inlet, Appendix A, June 1999, p. A-2.
  6. "Annual report of the United States Life Saving Service, Year ending June 30, 1877". University of Michigan. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
  7. Report of the Commissioner of Navigation to the Secretary of the Treasury 1888, Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office 1888, p. 297.
  8. wrecksite.eu SS Amerique (+1895)
  9. Ingram & Wheatley, p. 212.
  10. "Annual report of the United States Life Saving Service, Year ending June 30, 1877". University of Michigan. Retrieved 25 November 2019.
  11. "George Washington (+1877)". Wrecksite. Retrieved 25 November 2019.
  12. "George Washington (+1877)". Wrecksite. Retrieved 25 November 2019.
  13. "Annual report of the United States Life Saving Service, Year ending June 30, 1877". University of Michigan. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
  14. Ingram & Wheatley, pp. 212–213.
  15. Ingram & Wheatley, pp. 213–214.
  16. Tovey, Ron. "A Chronology of Bristol Channel Shipwrecks" (PDF). Swansea Docks. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 December 2014. Retrieved 20 December 2014.
  17. "Annual report of the United States Life Saving Service, Year ending June 30, 1877". University of Michigan. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
  18. njscuba.net "Dual Wrecks" Rusland & Adonis
  19. Ingram & Wheatley, p. 216.
  20. Ingram & Wheatley, pp. 214–215.
  21. "(not recorded)". Engineering. London: 44. 20 July 1877.
  22. Ingram & Wheatley, p. 215.
  23. "Cardigan & District Shipwrecks and Lifeboat Service". Glen Johnson. Retrieved 1 February 2015.
  24. Ingram & Wheatley, pp. 215–216.
  25. "SS Dakota [+1877]". wrecksite.eu. Retrieved 10 October 2013.
  26. Cristian Crăciunoiu, Romanian Navy Torpedo Boats, p. 19
  27. Lawrence Sondhaus, Navies of Europe, p. 88
  28. "Hizbir River Monitors (1876), Other Fighting Ships, Ottoman Empre/Turkey". Wrecksite. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
  29. Ingram & Wheatley, p. 217.
  30. alaskashipwreck.com Alaska Shipwrecks (J)
  31. "Osborne". Tynebuilt. Retrieved 26 March 2020.
  32. "CITY OF HOBART". Clydesite. Archived from the original on 16 March 2015. Retrieved 1 July 2016.CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  33. Ingram & Wheatley, pp. 217–219.
  34. Ingram & Wheatley, p. 219.
  35. Ingram & Wheatley, pp. 219–220.
  36. Ingram & Wheatley, pp. 220.
  37. alaskashipwreck.com Alaska Shipwrecks (T)
  38. alaskashipwreck.com Alaska Shipwrecks (W)
  39. "TIOGA (1862, Steamer)". Alpena County George N. Fletcher Public Library Northeast Michigan Oral History and Historic Photograph Archive. Retrieved 4 December 2020.
  40. "TIOGA (+1877)". Wrecksite. Retrieved 4 December 2020.
  41. Larn, Richard (1992). The Shipwrecks of the Isles of Scilly. Nairn: Thomas & Lochar. ISBN 0-946537-84-4.
  42. Ingram & Wheatley, pp. 220–221.
  43. "A Derelict in the Atlantic". Edinburgh Evening News. 5 November 1877. p. 3.
  44. Nicolae Petrescu, M. Drăghiescu, Istoricul principalelor puncte pe Dunăre de la gura Tisei până la Mare şi pe coastele mării de la Varna la Odessa, p. 160 (in Romanian)
  45. Ingram & Wheatley, p. 221.
  46. "Annual report of the United States Life Saving Service, Year ending June 30, 1877". University of Michigan. Retrieved 25 November 2019.
  47. Lane, Anthony (2009). Shipwrecks of Kent. Stroud: The History Press. p. 15. ISBN 978-0-7524-1720-2.
  48. Pieters, Janene. "Divers find 1877 shipwreck near Texel". NL Times. Retrieved 30 October 2018.
  49. "Multiple News Items". Hampshire Advertiser (Southampton, England), Saturday, December 29, 1877; pg. 2; Issue 3291.
  50. alaskashipwreck.com Alaska Shipwrecks (C)
  51. "Neglecting to Report a Wreck". The Cornishman (39). 10 April 1879. p. 3.
  52. Noall, Cyril (1968). Cornish Lights and Shipwrecks. Truro: D. Bradford Barton.
  53. Ingram & Wheatley, p. 214.
  54. "Disasters at Sea". The Cornishman (5). 15 August 1878. p. 3.

Bibliography
  • Ingram, C. W. N., and Wheatley, P. O., (1936) Shipwrecks: New Zealand disasters 1795–1936. Dunedin, NZ: Dunedin Book Publishing Association.
Ship events in 1877
Ship launches: 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882
Ship commissionings: 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882
Ship decommissionings: 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882
Shipwrecks: 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882
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