List of sovereign states and dependent territories in South America

This is a list of sovereign states and dependent territories in South America. It includes both fully recognized states and dependent territories of both South American and non-South American states. It lists 12 sovereign states and 4 non-sovereign territories.

South America is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east by the Atlantic Ocean. North America and the Caribbean Sea lie to the northwest. South America has an area of approximately 17,840,000 square kilometres (6,890,000 sq mi), or almost 3.5% of Earth's surface. As of 2008, its population is more than 380 million, according to estimates of population in The World Factbook. South America ranks fourth among all continents in area (after Asia, Africa, and North America) and fifth in population (after Asia, Africa, Europe, and North America).[1]

The division between North and South America is unclear, lying somewhere in the Isthmus of Panama.

Sovereign states
Further information: Sovereign state

A sovereign state is a political association with effective sovereignty over a population for whom it makes decisions in the national interest.[2] According to the Montevideo Convention, a state must have a permanent population, a defined territory, a government, and the capacity to enter into relations with other states.[3] The following states are all members of the United Nations[4] and members of the Union of South American Nations.[5]

Flag Map English short and formal names, and ISO code[6][7][8] Domestic short and formal names
[6][7]		 Capital
[8][9][10]		 Population
[11]		 Area
[12]
Argentina 

Argentine Republic

ARG 		 Spanish: Argentina — República Argentina Buenos Aires

Spanish: Ciudad de Buenos Aires		 45,460,188 2,780,400 km2 (1,073,518 sq mi)
Bolivia 

Plurinational State of Bolivia

BOL 		 Spanish: Bolivia — Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia

Quechua: Buliwya

Aymara: Wuliwya		 Sucre (official)
and La Paz (seat of government)

Spanish: Sucre[n 1]		 11,773,734 1,098,581 km2 (424,164 sq mi)
Brazil 

Federative Republic of Brazil

BRA 		 Portuguese: Brasil — República Federativa do Brasil Brasília

Portuguese: Brasília		 213,602,686 8,514,877 km2 (3,287,612 sq mi)
Chile [n 2]

Republic of Chile

CHL 		 Spanish: Chile — República de Chile Santiago[n 3]

Spanish: Santiago		 19,314,173 756,102 km2 (291,933 sq mi)
Colombia 

Republic of Colombia

COL 		 Spanish: Colombia — República de Colombia Bogotá / Santa Fe de Bogotá

Spanish: Bogotá		 51,444,203 1,138,910 km2 (439,736 sq mi)
Ecuador 

Republic of Ecuador

ECU 		 Spanish: Ecuador — República del Ecuador

Quechua: Ikwadur		 Quito

Spanish: Quito		 17,846,773 283,561 km2 (109,484 sq mi)
Guyana 

Co-operative Republic of Guyana

GUY 		 English: Guyana — Co-operative Republic of Guyana Georgetown

English: Georgetown		 788,820 214,969 km2 (83,000 sq mi)
 Panama 

Republic of Panama

PAN 

 English: Panama

Spanish: Panamá		 Panama City

Spanish: Panama Citys		 4,360,169 75,417 km2 (29,119 sq mi)
Paraguay 

Republic of Paraguay

PRY 		 Spanish: Paraguay — República del Paraguay

Guarani: Paraguai — Tetã Paraguai		 Asunción

Spanish: Asunción		 7,188,700 406,752 km2 (157,048 sq mi)
Peru 

Republic of Peru

PER 		 Spanish: Perú — República del Perú

Quechua: Piruw

Aymara: Piruw		 Lima

Spanish: Lima		 33,362,082 1,285,216 km2 (496,225 sq mi)
Suriname 

Republic of Suriname

SUR 		 Dutch: Suriname — Republiek Suriname Paramaribo

Dutch: Paramaribo		 590,088 163,820 km2 (63,251 sq mi)
 Trinidad and Tobago 

Co-operative Republic of Trinidad and Tobago

TTO 		 English: Trinidad and Tobago Port of Spain

English: Port of Spain		 1,403,220 5,131 km2 (1,981 sq mi)
Uruguay 

Eastern Republic of Uruguay[n 4]

URY 		 Spanish: Uruguay — República Oriental del Uruguay Montevideo

Spanish: Montevideo		 3,481,746 176,215 km2 (68,037 sq mi)
Venezuela 

Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela

VEN 		 Spanish: Venezuela — República Bolivariana de Venezuela Caracas

Spanish: Caracas		 27,931,667 912,050 km2 (352,144 sq mi)

Non-sovereign territories

External territories
Further information: Dependent territory
Flag Map English name[6][8] Legal status Domestic name Capital[9] Population[11] Area[12]
Bouvet Island[n 5]

BVT		 Dependency of Norway Norwegian: Bouvetøya N/A No permanent population 49 km2 (19 sq mi)
Falkland Islands

FLK		 British overseas territory English: Falkland Islands
Spanish: Islas Malvinas		 Stanley

English: Stanley		 3,619[13] 12,173 km2 (4,700 sq mi)
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands[n 5]

SGS		 British overseas territory English: South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands King Edward Point

English: King Edward Point		 No permanent population[n 6] 3,903 km2 (1,507 sq mi)

Internal territory
Further information: Administrative division
Flag Map English name and ISO code[6][8] Legal status Domestic name Capital[9] Population[11] Area[12]
French Guiana


GUF		 French overseas department and region[n 7] French: Guyane Cayenne

French: Cayenne		 296,711[14] 83,534 km2 (32,253 sq mi)

Economic statistics
Country/Territory Currency GDP (PPP) per capita[n 8]
(2008 est. in U.S. dollars)		 Notes
Argentina Argentine peso 14,200 [15]
Bolivia Boliviano 4,500 [16]
Bouvet Island† (Norway) Norwegian Krone 0
Brazil Brazilian real 10,100 [17]
Chile Chilean peso 14,900 [18]
Colombia Colombian peso 8,900 [19]
Ecuador United States dollar 7,500 [20]
Falkland Islands (United Kingdom) Falkland Islands pound 35,400 (2002 est.) [21]
French Guiana (France) Euro 6,000 (2001 est.) [22][23]
Guyana Guyanese dollar 3,900 [24]
Paraguay Paraguayan guaraní 4,200 [25]
Peru Peruvian nuevo sol 8,400 [26]
South Georgia and the South
Sandwich Islands† (United Kingdom)		 Falkland Islands Pound 0
Suriname Surinamese dollar 8,900 [27]
Uruguay Uruguayan peso 12,200 [28]
Venezuela Venezuelan bolívar 13,500 [29]

† Geographically a part of Antarctica, but due to geopolitical reasons, the United Nations geoscheme has included Bouvet Island and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands in South America instead.

See also

Notes
  1. While Sucre is the constitutional capital, La Paz is the seat of the government.
  2. Includes Easter Island in the Pacific Ocean, a Chilean territory frequently reckoned in Oceania.
  3. While Santiago is the constitutional capital of Chile, Valparaíso is the site of legislative meetings.
  4. Also translated as "Oriental Republic of Uruguay".
  5. Sometimes grouped with Antarctica rather than South America.
  6. Present inhabitants are the British Government officer, deputy postmaster, scientists, and support staff from the British Antarctic Survey who maintain scientific bases on Bird Island and in the capital, King Edward Point, as well as museum staff at Grytviken.
  7. The territory has been fully integrated into the French central state.
  8. The CIA's estimate for GDP per capita (PPP) is used in the article. For the World Bank and International Monetary Fund's estimates, see List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita.

References
  1. The New York Times Guide to Essential Knowledge: A Desk Reference for the Curious Mind (2nd ed.), New York: St. Martin's Press, 2007, p. 598, ISBN 0-312-37659-6, OCLC 173243876
  2. Ashley, Richard K (1 June 1988). "Untying the Sovereign State: A Double Reading of the Anarchy Problematique". Millennium - Journal of International Studies. Sage Journals Online. 4 (2): 227–262. doi:10.1177/03058298880170020901. Retrieved 15 February 2012.
  3. "Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States". Council on Foreign Relations. 26 December 1933. Retrieved 15 February 2012.
  4. "United Nations Member States". United Nations. Retrieved 15 February 2012.
  5. "Estados Miembros" (in Spanish). Secretaria General de UNASUR. Archived from the original on 27 June 2012. Retrieved 15 February 2012.
  6. "Field Listing :: Names". Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
  7. "UNGEGN List of Country Names" (PDF). United Nations Statistics Division. 2007. Retrieved 2011-02-24.
  8. "List of countries, territories and currencies". Europa. 7 February 2012. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
  9. "Field Listing :: Capital". Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
  10. "UNGEGN World Geographical Names". United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names. 9 December 2011. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
  11. "Country Comparison :: Population". Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
  12. "Field Listing :: Area". Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
  13. "2016 Census Report". Policy and Economic Development Unit, Falkland Islands Government. 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 January 2018.
  14. INSEE. "Estimation de population par région, sexe et grande classe d'âge – Années 1975 à 2019" (in French). Retrieved 2019-01-15.
  15. "The World Factbook: Argentina". CIA Directorate of Intelligence. 2008-05-15. Retrieved 2008-06-12.
  16. "The World Factbook: Bolivia". CIA Directorate of Intelligence. 2008-05-15. Retrieved 2008-06-12.
  17. "The World Factbook: Brazil". CIA Directorate of Intelligence. 2008-05-15. Retrieved 2008-06-12.
  18. "The World Factbook: Chile". CIA Directorate of Intelligence. 2008-05-15. Retrieved 2008-06-12.
  19. "The World Factbook: Colombia". CIA Directorate of Intelligence. 2008-05-15. Retrieved 2008-06-12.
  20. "The World Factbook: Ecuador". CIA Directorate of Intelligence. 2008-05-15. Retrieved 2008-06-12.
  21. "The World Factbook: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)". CIA Directorate of Intelligence. 2008-05-15. Retrieved 2008-06-12.
  22. Americas Review 2003/2004: Economic and Business Report (21st ed.). London: Kogan Page. 2003. p. 79. ISBN 0-7494-4064-3. ISSN 1351-4571.
  23. "Résultats régionaux des enquêtes de recensement de 2004 à 2007" (in French). INSEE. Retrieved 2008-06-12.
  24. "The World Factbook: Guyana". CIA Directorate of Intelligence. 2008-05-15. Retrieved 2008-06-12.
  25. "The World Factbook: Paraguay". CIA Directorate of Intelligence. 2008-05-15. Retrieved 2008-06-12.
  26. "The World Factbook: Peru". CIA Directorate of Intelligence. 2008-05-15. Retrieved 2008-06-12.
  27. "The World Factbook: Suriname". CIA Directorate of Intelligence. 2008-05-15. Retrieved 2008-06-12.
  28. "The World Factbook: Uruguay". CIA Directorate of Intelligence. 2008-05-15. Retrieved 2008-06-12.
  29. "The World Factbook: Venezuela". CIA Directorate of Intelligence. 2008-05-15. Retrieved 2008-06-12.
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