List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Asia

This is a list of sovereign states and dependent territories in Asia. It includes fully recognized states, states with limited but substantial international recognition, de facto states with little or no international recognition, and dependencies of both Asian and non-Asian states. In particular, it lists 49 generally recognized sovereign states (all of which are members of the United Nations), two states with substantial but not general international recognition (of which one is a UN observer state), four largely unrecognized de facto states, and six dependent and other territories.

The 49 generally recognized sovereign states listed here include two countries that are generally classified as European or African nations but with portions of their territory being in Asia, while the two states with substantial but not general recognition are both fully encompassed in Asia. Though a majority of the Russian Federation's land area is located within Asia, it is generally considered a European country because of its historical, cultural, ethnic, and political ties to Europe. Its capital and largest city, Moscow is located within Europe, and the vast majority of its population lives within its European part. In addition, while Egypt extends into Asia through the Sinai Peninsula, it is generally considered to be an African country because most of its population and geographic area is in Africa.

Geographical boundaries of Asia

The divisions between Asia and Europe occur at the Ural Mountains, Ural River, and Caspian Sea in the east, the Caucasus Mountains and the Black Sea, Bosporus Sea of Marmara, Dardanelles and the Aegean Sea in the south. Azerbaijan, Georgia, Greece, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Turkey all have territory in both Asia and Europe. Armenia and Cyprus are entirely in Western Asia but are socio-politically European countries and members of the Council of Europe, with Cyprus also being a member of the European Union.

The division between Asia and Africa is usually considered to be the Suez Canal, placing the Sinai peninsula (which is part of Egypt) in Asia, and, therefore, Egypt, an African country, may also be considered to be a country in Asia.

The division between Asia and Australasia (Oceania) is disputed and placed somewhere between Java and New Guinea. Indonesia spans both areas, but is considered to be in Asia. East Timor is sometimes considered to be part of Australasia, but due to its being surrounded by Indonesia and its once being part of Indonesia, it is generally considered to be in Asia. Papua New Guinea is occasionally considered to be in Asia, but it is generally considered to be part of Australasia. The division between Asia and North America is considered to be the Bering Strait. Some of the Aleutian Islands, however, may be considered to be in Asia.

Sovereign states
Further information: Sovereign state

A sovereign state is a political organization with effective sovereignty over a population for whom it makes decisions in the national interest.[1] According to the Montevideo convention, a state must have a permanent population, a defined territory, a government, and the capacity to enter into relations with other states. It is also important to note that these states were categorized accordingly independent of our endorsement or opposition to their statehood and is based solely on their de facto and de jure statuses[2]

United Nations member states

There are 49 Asian states or states with substantial territory in Asia in this list. All are members of the United Nations.[3]

Flag Map English short and formal names
[4][5][6]		 Domestic short and formal names[4][5] Capital
[6][7][8]		 Population 2018
[9][10]		 Area
Afghanistan

Islamic Republic of Afghanistan		 Dari: جمهوری اسلامی افغانستان – افغانستان (Afghānestān – Jomhūrī-ye Eslāmī-ye Afghānestān)

Pashto: د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت – افغانستان‎ (Afghān̄istān – Afghānistān Islāmī Jumhūrīyat)		 Kabul

Dari: کابل (Kābul)

Pashto: کابل‎ (Kābul)		 37,171,921 652,230 km2 (251,827 sq mi)
Armenia

Republic of Armenia		 Armenian: Հայաստան – Հայաստանի Հանրապետությու (Hayastan – Hayastani Hanrapetut'yun) Yerevan

Armenian: Երևան (Yerevan)		 2,951,745 29,743 km2 (11,484 sq mi)
Azerbaijan[a][b]

Republic of Azerbaijan		 Azerbaijani: Azǝrbaycan – Azǝrbaycan Respublikası Baku

Azerbaijani: Bakı		 9,949,537 86,600 km2 (33,436 sq mi)
 Bahrain

Kingdom of Bahrain		 Arabic: مملكة البحرين – البحرين‎ (Al Baḩrayn – Mamlakat al Baḩrayn) Manama

Arabic: المنامة‎ (Al Manāmah)		 1,569,446 760 km2 (293 sq mi)
 Bangladesh

People's Republic of Bangladesh		 Bengali: বাংলাদেশ – গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ (Bānglādesh – Gaṇaprajātantrī Bānglādesh) Dhaka

Bengali: ঢাকা (Ḍhākā)		 161,376,708 147,570 km2 (56,977 sq mi)
 Bhutan

Kingdom of Bhutan		 Dzongkha: འབྲུག་ཡུལ་ – འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ (Druk Yul – Druk Gyalkhapb) Thimphu

Dzongkha: ཐིམ་ཕུ (Thimphu)		 754,388 38,394 km2 (14,824 sq mi)
 Brunei

Brunei Darussalam

Nation of Brunei, the Abode of Peace		 Malay: Brunei – Negara Brunei Darussalam (‎بروني – ‎نڬارا بروني دارالسلام) Bandar Seri Begawan

Malay: Bandar Seri Begawan (بندر سري بڬاوان)		 5,765 km2 (2,226 sq mi)
 Cambodia

Kingdom of Cambodia		 Khmer: កម្ពុជា – ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជា (Kâmpŭchéa – Preăhréachéanachâkr Kâmpŭchéa) Phnom Penh

Khmer: ភ្នំពេញ (Phnum Pénh)		 16,249,792 181,035 km2 (69,898 sq mi)
 China[b]

People's Republic of China		 Chinese: 中国 – 中华人民共和国 (Zhōngguó – Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó) Beijing

Chinese: 北京 (Běijīng)		 1,427,647,786 9,596,961 km2 (3,705,407 sq mi)
 Cyprus[b]

Republic of Cyprus		 Greek: Κύπρος – Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία (Kýpros – Kypriakí Dimokratía)

Nicosia

Greek: Λευκωσία 		1,189,265 9,251 km2 (3,572 sq mi)
 Egypt

Arab Republic of Egypt[n 1]		 Arabic: مصر – جمهورية مصر العربية (Miṣr—Jumhūrīyat Miṣr al-ʿArabiyya) Cairo

Arabic: القاهرة (al-Qāhirah)		 98,423,598 1,001,449 km2 (386,662 sq mi)
 Georgia[a][b] Georgian: საქართველო (Sak'art'velo) Tbilisi / T'bilisi

Georgian: თბილისი (T'bilisi)		 4,002,942 69,700 km2 (26,911 sq mi)
 India

Republic of India		 Hindi: भारत – भारत गणराज्य (Bhārat – Bhārat Gaṇarajya)
 New Delhi

Hindi: नई दिल्ली (Naī Dillī)
 1,352,642,280 3,287,263 km2 (1,269,219 sq mi)
 Indonesia[a]

Republic of Indonesia		 Indonesian: Indonesia – Republik Indonesia Jakarta

Indonesian: Jakarta		 267,670,543 1,904,569 km2 (735,358 sq mi)
 Iran

Islamic Republic of Iran		 Persian: جمهوری اسلامی ایران – ایران‎ (Īrān – Jomhūrī-ye Eslāmī-ye Īrān) Tehran

Persian: تهران‎ (Tehrān)		 83,183,741 1,648,195 km2 (636,372 sq mi)
 Iraq

Republic of Iraq		 Arabic: العراق – جمهورية العراق‎ (Al 'Irāq – Jumhūrīyat al 'Irāq) Baghdad

Arabic: بغداد‎ (Baghdād)		 38,433,600 438,317 km2 (169,235 sq mi)
 Israel

State of Israel		 Hebrew: יִשְרָאֵל – מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל‎ (Yisra'el – Medinat Yisra'el)

Arabic: إسرائيل – دَوْلَة إِسْرَائِيل‎ (Isrā'īl – Dawlat Isrā'īl)		 Jerusalem (Claimed and de facto)[c]

Hebrew: ירושלים‎ (Yerushalayim)		 8,381,516 20,770 km2 (8,019 sq mi)
 Japan Japanese: 日本 – 日本国 (Nihon / Nippon – Nihon-koku / Nippon-koku) Tokyo

Japanese: 東京 (Tōkyō)		 127,202,192 377,915 km2 (145,914 sq mi)
 Jordan

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan		 Arabic: اﻷرُدن – المملكة الأردنية الهاشميه‎ (Al Urdun – Al Mamlakah al Urdunīyah al Hāshimīyah) Amman

Arabic: عمان‎ (Ammān)		 9,965,318 89,342 km2 (34,495 sq mi)
 Kazakhstan[a]

Republic of Kazakhstan		 Kazakh: Қазақстан – Қазақстан Республикасы (Qazaqstan – Qazaqstan Respýblıkasy)

Russian: Казахстан – Республика Казахстан (Kazahstan – Respublika Kazahstan)		 Nur-Sultan

Kazakh: Нұр-Сұлтан

Russian: Нур-Султан (Nur-Sultan)		 18,319,618 2,724,900 km2 (1,052,090 sq mi)
 North Korea

Democratic People's Republic of Korea		 Korean: 조선 – 조선민주주의인민공화국 (Chosŏn – Chosŏn-minjujuŭi-inmin-konghwaguk) Pyongyang

Korean: 평양 (Phyŏngyang)		 25,549,604 120,538 km2 (46,540 sq mi)
 South Korea

Republic of Korea		 Korean: 한국 – 대한민국 (Hanguk – Daehan Minguk) Seoul

Korean: 서울 (Seoul)		 51,171,706 99,720 km2 (38,502 sq mi)
 Kuwait

State of Kuwait		 Arabic: دولة الكويت – اﻟﻜﻮﻳت‎ (Al Kuwayt – Dawlat al Kuwayt) Kuwait City

Arabic: الكويت‎ (Al Kuwayt)		 4,137,312 17,818 km2 (6,880 sq mi)
 Kyrgyzstan

Kyrgyz Republic		 Kyrgyz: Кыргызстан – Кыргыз Республикасы (Kyrgyzstan – Kyrgyz Respublikasy)

Russian: Кыргызстан – Кыргызская Республика (Kyrgyzstan – Kyrgyzskaja Respublika)		 Bishkek

Kyrgyz: Бишкек (Bishkek)

Russian: Бишкек (Biškek)		 6,304,030 199,951 km2 (77,202 sq mi)
 Laos

Lao People's Democratic Republic		 Lao: ປະເທດລາວ – ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນລາວ (PathetLao – Sathalanalat Paxathipatai Paxaxôn Lao) Vientiane

Lao: ວຽງຈັນ (Viangchan)		 236,800 km2 (91,429 sq mi)
 Lebanon

Lebanese Republic		 Arabic: لبنان – الجمهورية اللبنانية‎ (Lubnān – Al Jumhūrīyah al Lubnānīyah) Beirut

Arabic: بيروت‎ (Bayrūt)		 6,859,408 10,452 km2 (4,036 sq mi)
 Malaysia Malaysian: Persekutuan Malaysia Kuala Lumpur[d]

Malay: Kuala Lumpur		 31,528,033 329,847 km2 (127,355 sq mi)
 Maldives

Republic of Maldives		 Dhivehi: ދިވެހިރާއްޖެ – ދިވެހިރާއްޖޭގެ ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ (Dhivehi Raajje – Dhivehi Raajjeyge Jumhooriyyaa) Malé / Male'

Dhivehi: މާލެ (Maale)		 515,696 298 km2 (115 sq mi)
 Mongolia Mongolian: Монгол – Монгол улс (Mongol – Mongol uls) Ulaanbaatar

Mongolian: Улаанбаатар (Ulaanbaatar)		 3,170,216 1,564,116 km2 (603,909 sq mi)
 Myanmar

Republic of the Union of Myanmar		 Burmese: မြန်မာ – ပြည်ထောင်စု သမ္မတ မြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်‌ (Myanma – Pyidaungzu Myanma Naingngandaw) Nay Pyi Taw

Burmese: နေပြည်တော် (Nay Pyi Taw)		 53,708,320 676,578 km2 (261,228 sq mi)
 Nepal

Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal		 Nepali: सङ्घीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्र नेपाल (Nepāl – Saṁghīya Loktāntrik Ganạ tantra Nepāl) Kathmandu

Nepali: काठमाडौं (Kāṭhmāḍauṁ)		 28,095,714 147,181 km2 (56,827 sq mi)
 Oman

Sultanate of Oman		 Arabic: عُمان – سلطنة عُمان‎ ('Umān – Salţanat 'Umān) Muscat

Arabic: مسقط‎ (Masqaţ)		 4,829,473 309,500 km2 (119,499 sq mi)
 Pakistan

Islamic Republic of Pakistan		 English: Pakistan – Islamic Republic of Pakistan

Urdu: پَاکِسْتَان – اسلامی جمہوریہ پاکستان‎ (Pākistān —Islāmī Jamhuriyah-e-Pākistān)		 Islamabad

English: Islamabad

Urdu: اسلام آباد‎ (Islāmābād)		 212,228,286 881,913 km2 (340,509 sq mi)
 Philippines

Republic of the Philippines		 English: Philippines – Republic of the Philippines

Filipino: Pilipinas – Republika ng Pilipinas		 Manila

English: Manila

Filipino: Maynila		 106,651,394 343,448 km2 (132,606 sq mi)
 Qatar

State of Qatar		 Arabic: قطر – دولة قطر‎ (Qatar – Dawlat Qatar) Doha

Arabic: الدوحة‎ (Ad Dawḩah)		 2,781,682 11,586 km2 (4,473 sq mi)
 Russia[11][a]

Russian Federation		 Russian: Росси́я – Российская Федерация (Rossija – Rossijskaja Federacija) Moscow[12]

Russian: Москва (Moskva)		 146,748,590 (including Crimea)

144,386,830

(excluding Crimea)

 17,098,242 km2 (6,601,668 sq mi)
 Saudi Arabia

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia		 Arabic: السعودية – المملكة العربية السعودية‎ (As Su‘ūdīya – Al Mamlakah al 'Arabīyah as Su‘ūdīyah) Riyadh

Arabic: الرياض‎ (Ar Riyāḑ)		 33,702,756 2,149,690 km2 (830,000 sq mi)
 Singapore

Republic of Singapore		 Chinese: 新加坡 – 新加坡共和国 (Xīnjiāpō – Xīnjiāpō Gònghéguó)

English: Singapore – Republic of Singapore

Malay: Singapura – Republik Singapura

Tamil: சிங்கப்பூர் – சிங்கப்பூர் குடியரசு (Chiṅkappūr – Chiṅkappūr Kuṭiyarachu)		 Singapore

Chinese: 新加坡 (Xīnjiāpō)

English: Singapore

Malay: Singapura

Tamil: சிங்கப்பூர் (Chiṅkappūr)		 5,757,499 697 km2 (269 sq mi)
 Sri Lanka

Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka		 Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකාව – ශ්‍රී ලංකා ප්‍රජාතාන්ත්‍රික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය (Shrī Laṁkā – Shrī Laṁkā Prajātāntrika Samājavādī Janarajaya)

Tamil: இலங்கை – இலங்கை ஜனநாயக சமத்துவ குடியரசு (Ilaṅkai – Ilaṅkai Jaṉanāyaka Choṣhalichak Kuṭiyarachu)		 Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte

Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ජයවර්ධනපුර කෝට්ටේ (Shrī Jayavardhanapura Koṭṭe)

Tamil: ஶ்ரீ ஜெயவர்த்தனபுர கோட்டை (Shrī Jĕyavarttaṉapura Koṭṭai)		 21,228,763 65,610 km2 (25,332 sq mi)
 Syria

Syrian Arab Republic		 Arabic: سورية / سوريا – الجمهورية العربية السورية‎ (Sūrīyah / Sūriyā – Al Jumhūrīyah al 'Arabīyah as Sūrīyah) Damascus

Arabic: دمشق‎ (Dimashq)		 17,500,657 185,180 km2 (71,498 sq mi)
 Tajikistan

Republic of Tajikistan		 Tajik: Тоҷикистон – Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон (Tojikiston – Jumhurii Tojikiston) Dushanbe

Tajik: Душанбе (Dushanbe)		 9,100,835 143,100 km2 (55,251 sq mi)
 Thailand

Kingdom of Thailand		 Thai: ไทย – ราชอาณาจักรไทย (Thai – Ratcha Anachak Thai) Bangkok

Thai: กรุงเทพมหานคร (Krung Thep Maha Nakhon)		 69,428,453 513,120 km2 (198,117 sq mi)
 Timor-Leste/East Timor[a]

Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste		 Portuguese: Timor-Leste – República Democrática de Timor-Leste

Tetum: Timor Lorosa'e – Repúblika Demokrátika Timor Lorosa'e		 Dili

Portuguese: Dili
Tetum: Dili		 1,267,974 14,874 km2 (5,743 sq mi)
 Turkey[a]

Republic of Turkey		 Turkish: Türkiye – Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Ankara

Turkish: Ankara		 82,340,088 783,562 km2 (302,535 sq mi)
 Turkmenistan Turkmen: Türkmenistan Ashgabat

Turkmen: Aşgabat		 5,850,901 488,100 km2 (188,456 sq mi)
 United Arab Emirates Arabic: اﻹﻣﺎرات – دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة‎ (Al Imārāt – Al Imārāt al 'Arabīyah al Muttaḩidah) Abu Dhabi

Arabic: أبوظبي‎ (Abu Dhabi)		 9,630,959 83,600 km2 (32,278 sq mi)
 Uzbekistan

Republic of Uzbekistan		 Uzbek: O‘zbekiston – O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Tashkent

Uzbek: Toshkent		 32,476,244 447,400 km2 (172,742 sq mi)
 Vietnam / Viet Nam

Socialist Republic of Vietnam		 Vietnamese: Việt Nam – Cộng Hòa Xã Hội Chủ Nghĩa Việt Nam Hanoi

Vietnamese: Hà Nội		 96,208,984 332,698 km2 (128,455 sq mi)
 Yemen

Republic of Yemen		 Arabic: اليمن – الجمهورية اليمنية‎ (Al Yaman – Al Jumhūrīyah al Yamanīyah) Sana'a (de jure)[h]

Arabic: صنعاء‎ (Şan‘ā')		 28,498,683 527,968 km2 (203,850 sq mi)

States with limited, but substantial, international recognition

In this list, Palestine is a state with substantial international recognition and UN observer-state status but without practical control over tangible territory, while Taiwan is a de facto state with full practical sovereignty over its territory and unofficial ties with most of the international community but not widely recognized de jure. Although a founding member of the United Nations as the Republic of China, since 1971 Taiwan is no longer recognized by the United Nations.

Flag Map English short and formal names Status Domestic short and formal names Capital Population 2018
[9][10]		 Area
 Palestine

State of Palestine		 Recognized by 138 UN member states. See International recognition of the State of Palestine. One of two United Nations non-member observer states Arabic: فلسطين‎ (Filasṭīn) Ramallah (de facto)
Arabic: رام الله‎
(Rāmāllah)

Jerusalem (declared)
Arabic: القدس‎
(Al-Quds)		 5,051,000 6,220 km2 (2,402 sq mi)
 Taiwan

Republic of China[6][13]		 Claimed as part of the People's Republic of China. Officially recognized as sovereign by 14 UN member states and the Holy See, which deem it to be the rightful government of all of China. In addition, Taiwan maintains unofficial relations with most other countries and is de facto recognized by most sovereign states. See Political status of Taiwan for more information about the situation. Traditional Chinese: 臺灣/台灣 – 中華民國 (Táiwān—Zhōnghuá Mínguó) Taipei[6][7]

Traditional Chinese: 台北 (Táiběi)		 23,796,000 35,980 km2 (13,892 sq mi)[14]

De facto states with little or no international recognition
Further information: List of states with limited recognition

The four de facto states on this list have little or no international recognition and are not members of the United Nations. All are defined as states by the declarative theory.

Flag Map English short and formal names Status Domestic short and formal names Capital Population (2011) Area
 Abkhazia

Republic of Abkhazia[15]		 Claimed as an autonomous republic of Georgia.[16] Recognised by five UN states. Abkhazian: Аҧсуа (Apswa)[15] Sukhumi / Sukhum[15]

Abkhazian: Аҟəа (Akwa)		 250,000[17] 8,660 km2 (3,344 sq mi)[16]
 Artsakh

Republic of Artsakh[18]		 Claimed as part of Azerbaijan.[19] Recognised only by three non-UN states. Armenian: Լեռնային Ղարաբաղ – Լեռնային Ղարաբաղ Հանրապետություն (Lernayin Gharabaghi – Lernayin Gharabaghi Hanrapetut’yun)[18] Stepanakert[18]

Armenian: Ստեփանակերտ (Stepanakert)		 141,400[20] 3,170 km2 (1,224 sq mi)[21]
 Northern Cyprus

Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus[22]		 Claimed as part of the Republic of Cyprus. Recognised only by Turkey.[22] Turkish: Kuzey Kıbrıs – Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti[23] North Nicosia

Turkish: Lefkoşa[24]		 285,356[25] 3,355 km2 (1,295 sq mi)[14]
 South Ossetia

Republic of South Ossetia		 Claimed as part of Georgia.[26] Recognised by five UN states. Ossetian: Хуссар Ирыстон – Республикӕ Хуссар Ирыстон (Khussar Iryston – Respublikæ Khussar Iryston)

Russian: Южная Осетия – Республика Южная Осетия (Yuzhnaya Osetiya – Respublika Yuzhnaya Osetiya)		 Tskhinvali[26]

Ossetian: Цхинвал or Чъреба (Chreba)		 70,000[26] 3,900 km2 (1,506 sq mi)[27]

Dependencies and other territories
Further information: Dependent territory

The two territories in this list are controlled by a state of which they are not considered to be a part.

Flag Map English short and formal names Status[28] Domestic short and formal names Capital Population Area[14]
 Akrotiri and Dhekelia

The Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia		 British overseas territory English: Akrotiri and Dhekelia – Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia Episkopi Cantonment

English: Episkopi Cantonment[7]		 15,700[29][e] 254 km2 (98 sq mi)
 British Indian Ocean Territory[4][6] British overseas territory English: British Indian Ocean Territory Camp Justice 4,000[30][f] 54,400 km2 (21,004 sq mi)

Special areas of internal sovereignty
Further information: Special administrative regions of China

The following two entities are integral areas of their controlling state, but have a political arrangement that was decided through an international agreement.

Flag Map English short and formal names Status[28] Domestic short and formal names Capital Population Area[14]
 Hong Kong

Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China[6]		 Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China Traditional Chinese: 香港 – 中華人民共和國香港特別行政區

English: Hong Kong – Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China		 Hong Kong 7,582,000[29] 2,755 km2 (1,064 sq mi)
 Macau / Macao

Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China[31]		 Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China Traditional Chinese: 澳門 – 中華人民共和國澳門特別行政區

Portuguese: Macau – Região Administrativa Especial de Macau da República Popular da China		 Macau / Macao[6] 693,000[29] 28.2 km2 (10.9 sq mi)

See also

Notes
  1. ^
    Area and population figures given are for the whole state, including areas located outside of Asia. Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Turkey all contain territory in Europe. The border between Asia and Oceania is not clearly defined, and Indonesia and East Timor are sometimes placed in Oceania.
  2. ^ a b c d
    The area and population of states with separatist regions includes that of the separatist regions.
  3. ^
    Jerusalem was declared the capital of Israel in 1950.[32] The 1980 Jerusalem Law states that "Jerusalem, complete and united, is the capital of Israel", and the city serves as the seat of the government, home to the President's residence, government offices, supreme court, and parliament.[33] United Nations Security Council Resolution 478 declared the Jerusalem Law "null and void" and called on member states to withdraw their diplomatic missions from Jerusalem.[34] Foreign countries maintain their embassies in Tel Aviv and other Israeli cities.[35]
  4. ^
    Although Kuala Lumpur is the official capital of Malaysia, Putrajaya is the seat of government.[36]
  5. ^
    Akrotiri and Dhekelia are British military bases, with the population including 8,000 United Kingdom personnel and dependents.[37]
  6. ^
    Although the islands have no remaining indigenous inhabitants, a military base shared between the United Kingdom and the United States is located on the island of Diego Garcia, with a staff of 4,000 people.[30]
  7. ^
    Represents total land area. Including claimed ocean area, total area 54,400 km2 (21,004 sq mi).
  8. ^
    Sana'a is the constitutional capital of Yemen, but the city and most of parts of the territory have been placed under Houthi rebel control since 2014 and is administered by the Supreme Political Council. However, Aden, the former capital of South Yemen, was also the de facto capital of its internationally recognized government, is now placed under the administration of the Southern Transitional Council since 2018 and the President of Yemen remains in exile in Saudi Arabia due to the ongoing civil war that is currently ravaging the country.
  1. Although the majority of Egypt is in Africa, it could be argued that the Sinai Peninsula is geographically a part of Asia.

References
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  11. Russia is a transcontinental country located in Eastern Europe and Northern Asia, but is considered European historically, culturally, ethnically, and politically, and the vast majority of its population (78%) lives within its European part.
  12. Moscow is located in Europe.
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  31. As reflected in the Chinese text of the Macau emblem, the text of the Macao Basic Law Archived 5 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine, and the Macao Government Website Archived 29 June 2012 at the Wayback Machine, the full name of the territory is the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China. Although the conventions of "Macao Special Administrative Region", "Macao" and "Macau" can also be used.
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  35. Embassies and Consulates in Israel, Israel Science and Technology Directory
  36. "Putrajaya – Federal Administrative Capital". Malaysian Government. Archived from the original on 29 August 2011. Retrieved 15 August 2011.
  37. "Akrotiri". CIA. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
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