Michael Bloomberg

Michael Rubens Bloomberg (born February 14, 1942) is an American businessman, politician, philanthropist, and author. He is the majority owner and co-founder of Bloomberg L.P. He was the mayor of New York City from 2002 to 2013, and was a candidate for the 2020 Democratic nomination for president of the United States.

Mike Bloomberg
108th Mayor of New York City
In office
January 1, 2002 – December 31, 2013
DeputyPatricia Harris
Preceded byRudy Giuliani
Succeeded byBill de Blasio
Personal details
Born
Michael Rubens Bloomberg

(1942-02-14) February 14, 1942
Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
Political partyDemocratic (before 2001, 2018–present)
Other political
affiliations		Republican (2001–2007)
Independent (2007–2018)
Spouse(s)
Susan Brown-Meyer
​
​
(m. 1975; div. 1993)​
Domestic partnerDiana Taylor (2000–present)
Children2, including Georgina
EducationJohns Hopkins University (BS)
Harvard University (MBA)
Net worth US$ 54.9 billion (February 2021)[1]
Signature
WebsiteOfficial website
This article is part of a series about
Michael Bloomberg


Bloomberg grew up in Medford, Massachusetts, and graduated from Johns Hopkins University and Harvard Business School. He began his career at the securities brokerage Salomon Brothers before forming his own company in 1981. That company, Bloomberg L.P., is a financial information, software and media firm that is known for its Bloomberg Terminal. Bloomberg spent the next twenty years as its chairman and CEO. In 2020, Forbes ranked him as the sixteenth-richest person in the world, with an estimated net worth of $48 billion as of April 7, 2020[2] and as of July 21, 2020, Bloomberg ranked 8th in Forbes 400 with net worth $60.1 billion.[3] Since signing The Giving Pledge, Bloomberg has given away $8.2 billion.

Bloomberg was elected the 108th mayor of New York City. First elected in 2001, he held office for three consecutive terms, winning re-election in 2005 and in 2009. Pursuing socially liberal and fiscally moderate policies, Bloomberg developed a technocratic managerial style.[4] After a brief stint as a full-time philanthropist, he re-assumed the position of CEO at Bloomberg L.P. by the end of 2014.

As mayor of New York, Bloomberg established public charter schools, rebuilt urban infrastructure, and supported gun control, public health initiatives, and environmental protections. He also led a rezoning of large areas of the city, which facilitated massive and widespread new commercial and residential construction after the September 11 attacks. Bloomberg is considered to have had far-reaching influence on the politics, business sector, and culture of New York City during his three terms as mayor. He has also faced significant criticism for his expansion of the city's stop and frisk program, support for which he reversed with an apology before his 2020 presidential run.[5]

In November 2019, Bloomberg officially launched his campaign for the Democratic nomination for president of the United States in the 2020 election. He ended his campaign in March 2020, after having won only 61 delegates. Bloomberg self-funded $935 million[6] for his candidacy, which set the record for the most expensive U.S. presidential primary campaign.

Early life and education

Bloomberg was born on February 14, 1942, at St. Elizabeth's Hospital, in the Brighton neighborhood of Boston, to William Henry Bloomberg (1906–1963), a bookkeeper for a dairy company,[7] and Charlotte (née Rubens) Bloomberg (1909–2011).[8][9] The Bloomberg Center at the Harvard Business School was named in William Henry's honor.[10][11] Bloomberg's family is Jewish, and he is a member of the Temple Emanu-El in Manhattan.[12] Bloomberg's paternal grandfather, Rabbi Alexander "Elick" Bloomberg, was a Polish Jew.[13][14] Bloomberg's maternal grandfather, Max Rubens, was a Lithuanian Jewish immigrant from present-day Belarus,[15][16] and his maternal grandmother was born in New York to Lithuanian Jewish parents.

The family lived in Allston until Bloomberg was two years old, followed by Brookline, Massachusetts, for two years, finally settling in the Boston suburb of Medford, Massachusetts, where he lived until after he graduated from college.[17]

Bloomberg in Medford High School's 1960 yearbook.

Bloomberg became an Eagle Scout when he was twelve years old.[18][19][20] He graduated from Medford High School in 1960.[21] He went on to attend Johns Hopkins University, where he joined the fraternity Phi Kappa Psi. While there, he constructed the blue jay costume for the university's mascot.[22][23] He graduated in 1964 with a Bachelor of Science degree in electrical engineering.[24] In 1966, he graduated from Harvard Business School with a Master of Business Administration (MBA) degree.[25][26][27]

Bloomberg in Johns Hopkins University's 1964 yearbook.

Bloomberg is a member of Kappa Beta Phi and Tau Beta Pi.[28] He wrote an autobiography, Bloomberg by Bloomberg, with help from Bloomberg News editor-in-ehief Matthew Winkler.[29][30]

Business career
A 2012 Bloomberg Terminal with a multi-monitor set-up composed of six screens

In 1973, Bloomberg became a general partner at Salomon Brothers, a large Wall Street investment bank, where he headed equity trading and, later, systems development.[31] Phibro Corporation bought Salomon Brothers in 1981, and the new management fired Bloomberg, paying him $10 million for his equity in the firm.[32][33][34]

Using this money, Bloomberg, having designed in-house computerized financial systems for Salomon, set up a data services company named Innovative Market Systems (IMS)[35] based on his belief that Wall Street would pay a premium for high-quality business information, delivered instantaneously on computer terminals in a variety of usable formats.[36] The company sold customized computer terminals that delivered real-time market data, financial calculations and other analytics to Wall Street firms. The terminal, first called the Market Master terminal, was released to market in December 1982.[37]

In 1986, the company renamed itself Bloomberg L.P.[31] Over the years, ancillary products including Bloomberg News, Bloomberg Radio, Bloomberg Message, and Bloomberg Tradebook were launched.[38] Bloomberg, L.P. had revenues of approximately $10 billion in 2018.[35] As of 2019, the company has more than 325,000 terminal subscribers worldwide and employs 20,000 people in dozens of locations.[35]

The culture of the company in the 1980s and 1990s has been compared to a fraternity, with employees bragging in the company's office about their sexual exploits.[39][40] The company was sued four times by female employees for sexual harassment, including one incident in which a victim claimed to have been raped.[41][42] To celebrate Bloomberg's 48th birthday, colleagues published a pamphlet entitled Portable Bloomberg: The Wit and Wisdom of Michael Bloomberg. Among various sayings that were attributed to him, several have subsequently been criticized as sexist or misogynistic.[43][44][39]

When he left the position of CEO to pursue a political career as the mayor of New York City, Bloomberg was replaced by Lex Fenwick[45][46] and later by Daniel L. Doctoroff, after his initial service as deputy mayor under Bloomberg.[47] After completing his final term as the mayor of New York City, Bloomberg spent his first eight months out of office as a full-time philanthropist. In fall 2014, he announced that he would return to Bloomberg L.P. as CEO at the end of 2014,[48] succeeding Doctoroff, who had led the company since February 2008.[48][49][50] Bloomberg resigned as CEO of Bloomberg L.P. to run for president in 2019.[35]

Wealth

In March 2009, Forbes reported Bloomberg's wealth at $16 billion, a gain of $4.5 billion over the previous year, the world's biggest increase in wealth from 2008 to 2009.[51] Bloomberg moved from 142nd to 17th in the Forbes list of the world's billionaires in only two years.[52][53] In the 2019 Forbes list of the world's billionaires, he was the ninth-richest person; his net worth was estimated at $55.5 billion.[54]

Political career

Mayor of New York City
Main article: Mayoralty of Michael Bloomberg
Bloomberg with President George W. Bush in 2003

Bloomberg assumed office as the 108th mayor of New York City on January 1, 2002.[55] He won re-election in 2005 and again in 2009.[56] As mayor, he initially struggled with approval ratings as low as 24 percent;[57] however, he subsequently developed and maintained high approval ratings.[58] Bloomberg joined Rudy Giuliani, John Lindsay, and Fiorello La Guardia as re-elected Republican mayors in the mostly Democratic city.[59]

Bloomberg stated that he wanted public education reform to be the legacy of his first term and addressing poverty to be the legacy of his second.[60]

Bloomberg with President Barack Obama in 2012

Bloomberg chose to apply a statistical, metrics-based management approach to city government, and granted departmental commissioners broad autonomy in their decision-making. Breaking with 190 years of tradition, he implemented what New York Times political reporter Adam Nagourney called a "bullpen" open office plan, similar to a Wall Street trading floor, in which dozens of aides and managerial staff are seated together in a large chamber. The design is intended to promote accountability and accessibility.[61]

Bloomberg accepted a remuneration of $1 annually in lieu of the mayoral salary.[62]

Bloomberg with presidents of Colombia, Chile, Peru and Mexico in 2014

As mayor, Bloomberg turned the city's $6 billion budget deficit into a $3 billion surplus, largely by raising property taxes.[63] Bloomberg increased city funding for the new development of affordable housing through a plan that created and preserved an estimated 160,000 affordable homes in the city.[64][65] In 2003, he implemented a successful smoking ban in all indoor workplaces, including bars and restaurants, and many other cities and states followed suit.[66] On December 5, 2006, New York City became the first city in the United States to ban trans-fat from all restaurants.[67] This went into effect in July 2008 and has since been adopted in many other cities and countries. Bloomberg created bicycle lanes, required chain restaurants to post calorie counts, and pedestrianized much of Times Square. In 2011, Bloomberg launched the NYC Young Men's Initiative, a $127 million initiative to support programs and policies designed to address disparities between young Black and Latino men and their peers, and personally donated $30 million to the project.[68] In 2010, Bloomberg supported the then-controversial Islamic complex near Ground Zero.[69]

Bloomberg greatly expanded the New York City Police Department's stop and frisk program, with a sixfold increase in documented stops.[70] The policy was challenged in U.S. Federal Court, which ruled that the city's implementation of the policy violated citizens' rights under the Fourth Amendment of the Constitution and encouraged racial profiling.[71][72] Bloomberg's administration appealed the ruling; however, his successor, Mayor Bill de Blasio, dropped the appeal and allowed the ruling to take effect.[73] After the September 11 attacks, with assistance from the Central Intelligence Agency, Bloomberg's administration oversaw a controversial program that surveilled Muslim communities on the basis of their religion, ethnicity, and language.[74] The program was discontinued in 2014.[75]

In a January 2014 Quinnipiac poll, 64 percent of voters called Bloomberg's 12 years as mayor "mainly a success."[76]

2001 election
Main article: 2001 New York City mayoral election

In 2001, New York's Republican mayor Rudy Giuliani, was ineligible for re-election due to the city's limit of two consecutive terms. Bloomberg, who had been a lifelong member of the Democratic Party, decided to run for mayor on the Republican ticket.[77] Voting in the primary began on the morning of September 11, 2001. The primary was postponed later that day, due to the September 11 attacks. In the rescheduled primary, Bloomberg defeated Herman Badillo, a former Democratic congressman, to become the Republican nominee. After a runoff, the Democratic nomination went to New York City Public Advocate Mark J. Green.

Bloomberg received Giuliani's endorsement to succeed him in the 2001 election. He also had a huge campaign spending advantage. Although New York City's campaign finance law restricts the amount of contributions that a candidate can accept, Bloomberg chose not to use public funds and therefore his campaign was not subject to these restrictions. He spent $73 million of his own money on his campaign, outspending Green five to one.[78] One of the major themes of his campaign was that, with the city's economy suffering from the effects of the World Trade Center attacks, it needed a mayor with business experience.

In addition to running on the Republican line, Bloomberg ran on the ticket of the controversial Independence Party, in which "Social Therapy" leaders Fred Newman and Lenora Fulani exerted strong influence. Bloomberg's votes on that line exceeded his margin of victory over Green. (Under New York's fusion rules, a candidate can run on more than one party's line and combine all the votes received.) Another factor was the vote in Staten Island, which has traditionally been friendlier to Republicans than the rest of the city. Bloomberg received 75 percent of the vote in Staten Island. Overall, he won 50.3 percent to 47.9 percent.

In the wake of the September 11 attacks, Bloomberg's administration made a successful bid to host the 2004 Republican National Convention. The convention drew thousands of protesters, among them New Yorkers who despised Bush and the Bush administration's pursuit of the Iraq war.[79][80]

2005 election
Main article: 2005 New York City mayoral election

Bloomberg was re-elected mayor in November 2005 by a margin of 20 percent, the widest margin ever for a Republican mayor of New York City.[81] He spent almost $78 million on his campaign, exceeding the record of $74 million he spent on the previous election. In late 2004 or early 2005, Bloomberg gave the Independence Party of New York $250,000 to fund a phone bank seeking to recruit volunteers for his re-election campaign.[82]

Former Bronx Borough President Fernando Ferrer won the Democratic nomination to oppose Bloomberg in the general election. Thomas Ognibene sought to run against Bloomberg in the Republican Party's primary election.[83] The Bloomberg campaign successfully challenged the signatures Ognibene submitted to the Board of Elections to prevent Ognibene from appearing on ballots for the Republican primary.[83] Instead, Ognibene ran on only the Conservative Party ticket.[84] Ognibene accused Bloomberg of betraying Republican Party ideals, a feeling echoed by others.[85][86][87][88]

Bloomberg opposed the confirmation of John Roberts as Chief Justice of the United States.[89] Bloomberg is a staunch supporter of abortion rights and did not believe that Roberts was committed to maintaining Roe v. Wade.[89] In addition to Republican support, Bloomberg obtained the endorsements of several prominent Democrats: former Democratic Mayor Ed Koch; former Democratic governor Hugh Carey; former Democratic City Council Speaker Peter Vallone, and his son, Councilman Peter Vallone Jr.; former Democratic Congressman Floyd Flake (who had previously endorsed Bloomberg in 2001), and Brooklyn Borough President Marty Markowitz.[90]

2009 election
Main article: 2009 New York City mayoral election
Bloomberg in 2007

On October 2, 2008, Bloomberg announced he would seek to extend the city's term limits law and run for a third mayoral term in 2009, arguing a leader of his field was needed following the financial crisis of 2007–08. "Handling this financial crisis while strengthening essential services ... is a challenge I want to take on," Bloomberg said at a news conference. "So should the City Council vote to amend term limits, I plan to ask New Yorkers to look at my record of independent leadership and then decide if I have earned another term."[91]

Ronald Lauder, who campaigned for New York City's term limits in 1993 and spent over 4 million dollars of his own money to limit the maximum years a mayor could serve to eight years,[92] sided with Bloomberg and agreed to stay out of future legality issues.[93] In exchange, he was promised a seat on an influential city board by Bloomberg.[94]

Some people and organizations objected and NYPIRG filed a complaint with the City Conflict of Interest Board.[95] On October 23, 2008, the City Council voted 29–22 in favor of extending the term limit to three consecutive four-year terms.[96] After two days of public hearings, Bloomberg signed the bill into law on November 3.[97]

Bloomberg's bid for a third term generated some controversy. Civil libertarians such as former New York Civil Liberties Union Director Norman Siegel and New York Civil Rights Coalition Executive Director Michael Meyers joined with local politicians to protest the process as undermining the democratic process.[98]

Bloomberg's opponent was Democratic and Working Families Party nominee Bill Thompson, who had been New York City Comptroller for the past eight years and before that, president of the New York City Board of Education.[99] Bloomberg defeated Thompson by a vote of 51 percent to 46 percent.[100] Bloomberg spent $109.2 million on his 2009 campaign, outspending Thompson by a margin of more than 11 to one.[101]

After the release of Independence Party campaign filings in January 2010, it was reported that Bloomberg had made two $600,000 contributions from his personal account to the Independence Party on October 30 and November 2, 2009.[102] The Independence Party then paid $750,000 of that money to Republican Party political operative John Haggerty Jr.[103]

This prompted an investigation beginning in February 2010 by the office of New York County District Attorney Cyrus Vance Jr. into possible improprieties.[104] The Independence Party later questioned how Haggerty spent the money, which was to go to poll-watchers.[105] Former New York State Senator Martin Connor contended that because the Bloomberg donations were made to an Independence Party housekeeping account rather than to an account meant for current campaigns, this was a violation of campaign finance laws.[106] Haggerty also spent money from a separate $200,000 donation from Bloomberg on office space.[107]

2013 election
Main article: 2013 New York City mayoral election

On September 13, 2013, Bloomberg announced that he would not endorse any of the candidates to succeed him.[108][109] On his radio show, he stated, "I don't want to do anything that complicates it for the next mayor. And that's one of the reasons I've decided I'm just not going to make an endorsement in the race." He added, "I want to make sure that person is ready to succeed, to take what we've done and build on that."[110]

Bloomberg with Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi in 2015

Bloomberg praised The New York Times for its endorsement of Christine Quinn and Joe Lhota as their favorite candidates in the Democratic and Republican primaries, respectively.[111][112] Quinn came in third in the Democratic primary and Lhota won the Republican primary. Bloomberg criticized Democratic mayoral candidate Bill de Blasio's campaign methods, which he initially called "racist;" Bloomberg later downplayed and partially retracted those remarks.[113][114]

On January 1, 2014, de Blasio became New York City's new mayor, succeeding Bloomberg.[115]

Post-mayoral political involvement
See also: Draft Bloomberg movement

Bloomberg was frequently mentioned as a possible centrist candidate for the presidential elections in 2008[116][117] and 2012, as well as for governor of New York in 2010[118] or vice-president in 2008.[119] He eventually declined to seek all of these offices.

In the immediate aftermath of Hurricane Sandy in November 2012, Bloomberg penned an op-ed officially endorsing Barack Obama for president, citing Obama's policies on climate change.[120][121]

2016 elections
Bloomberg speaking at the 2016 Democratic National Convention

On January 23, 2016, it was reported that Bloomberg was again considering a presidential run, as an independent candidate in the 2016 election, if Bernie Sanders got the Democratic party nomination.[122][123][124][125][126] This was the first time he had officially confirmed he was considering a run.[127] Bloomberg supporters believed that Bloomberg could run as a centrist and capture many voters who were dissatisfied with the likely Democratic and Republican nominees.[128] However, on March 7, Bloomberg announced he would not be running for president.[129][130]

In July 2016, Bloomberg delivered a speech at the 2016 Democratic National Convention in which he called Hillary Clinton "the right choice".[131][132][133] Bloomberg warned of the dangers a Donald Trump presidency would pose. He said Trump "wants you to believe that we can solve our biggest problems by deporting Mexicans and shutting out Muslims. He wants you to believe that erecting trade barriers will bring back good jobs. He's wrong on both counts." Bloomberg also said Trump's economic plans "would make it harder for small businesses to compete" and would "erode our influence in the world". Trump responded to the speech by condemning Bloomberg in a series of tweets.[131][134]

2018 elections

In June 2018, Bloomberg pledged $80 million to support Democratic congressional candidates in the 2018 election, with the goal of flipping control of the Republican-controlled House to Democrats. In a statement, Bloomberg said that Republican House leadership were "absolutely feckless" and had failed to govern responsibly. Bloomberg advisor Howard Wolfson was chosen to lead the effort, which was to target mainly suburban districts.[135] By early October, Bloomberg had committed more than $100 million to returning the House and Senate to Democratic power, fueling speculation about a presidential run in 2020.[136] On October 10, 2018, Bloomberg announced that he had returned to the Democratic party.[137]

2020 presidential campaign
Main article: Michael Bloomberg 2020 presidential campaign
Bloomberg's 2020 presidential campaign logo
Bloomberg at a campaign rally in Phoenix, Arizona in February 2020

On March 5, 2019, Bloomberg had announced that he would not run for president in 2020. Instead, he encouraged the Democratic Party to "nominate a Democrat who will be in the strongest position to defeat Donald Trump".[138] However, due to his dissatisfaction with the Democratic field, Bloomberg reconsidered. He officially launched his campaign for the 2020 Democratic nomination on November 24, 2019.[139]

Bloomberg self-funded his campaign from his personal fortune, and did not accept campaign contributions.[140]

Bloomberg's campaign suffered from his lackluster performance in two televised debates.[141] When Bloomberg participated in his first presidential debate, Elizabeth Warren challenged him to release women from non-disclosure agreements relating to their allegations of sexual harassment at Bloomberg L.P. Two days later, Bloomberg announced that there were three women who had made complaints concerning him, and added that he would release any of the three if they request him to do so.[142][143] Warren continued her attack in the second debate the next week. Others criticized Bloomberg for his wealth and campaign spending,[144][145] as well as his former affiliation with the Republican Party.[141]

As a late entrant to the race, Bloomberg skipped the first four state primaries and caucuses.[146] He spent $676 million of his personal fortune on the primary campaign, breaking a record for the most money ever spent on a presidential primary campaign.[146] His campaign blanketed the country with campaign advertisements on broadcast and cable television, the Internet, and radio,[147] as well as direct mail.[141] Bloomberg also spent heavily on campaign operations that grew to 200 field offices and more than 2,400 paid campaign staffers.[141] His support in nationwide opinion polls hovered around 15 percent but stagnated or dropped before Super Tuesday,[148] while former Vice President Joe Biden had become the centrist frontrunner after receiving the support of major candidates Pete Buttigieg and Amy Klobuchar shortly before Super Tuesday. Bloomberg suspended his campaign on March 4, 2020, after a disappointing Super Tuesday in which he won only American Samoa, and subsequently endorsed Biden.[146][141] Bloomberg donated $18M to the Democratic National Committee and is planning a "massive spending blitz" to support Biden's campaign.[149]

When a 60 Minutes correspondent remarked on March 1 that Bloomberg had spent twice what President Trump had raised, he was asked how much he would spend. Bloomberg replied, "I'm making an investment in this country. My investment is I'm going to remove President Trump from 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue or at least try as hard as I can."[150]

Speaking on the final night of the 2020 Democratic National Convention, Bloomberg took aim at Trump's handling of the COVID-19 pandemic and the American economy: "Would you rehire or work for someone who ran your business into the ground? Who always does what's best for him or her, even when it hurts the company, and whose reckless decisions put you in danger, and who spends more time tweeting than working? If the answer is no, why the hell would we ever rehire Donald Trump for another four years?"[151][152][153]

Political positions
Main article: Political positions of Michael Bloomberg
Bloomberg delivering a speech in 2004

Bloomberg was a lifelong Democrat until 2001, when he switched to the Republican Party to run for Mayor. He switched to an independent in 2007 and registered again as a Democrat in October 2018.[154][155][156] In 2004, he endorsed the re-election of George W. Bush and spoke at the 2004 Republican National Convention. He endorsed Barack Obama's re-election in 2012, endorsed Hillary Clinton in the 2016 election, and spoke at the 2016 Democratic National Convention.[157]

As Mayor of New York, Bloomberg supported government initiatives in public health and welfare.[158][159][160] This included tobacco control efforts (including an increase in the legal age to purchase tobacco products, a ban on smoking in indoor workplaces, and an increase in the cigarette tax);[160][161] the elimination of the use of artificial trans fats in restaurants;[160] and bans on all flavored tobacco and e-cigarette products including menthol flavors.[162] Bloomberg also launched an unsuccessful effort to ban on certain large (more than 16 fluid ounce) sugary sodas at restaurants and food service establishments in the city.[160] These initiatives were supported by public health advocates[160][163] but were criticized by some as "nanny state" policies.[164]

Over his career, Bloomberg has "mingled support for progressive causes with more conservative positions on law enforcement, business regulation and school choice."[165] Bloomberg supports gun-control measures, abortion rights, same-sex marriage, and a pathway to citizenship for illegal immigrants.[158] He advocates for a public health insurance option that he has called "Medicare for all for people that are uncovered" rather than a universal single-payer healthcare system.[158] He is concerned about climate change and has touted his mayoral efforts to reduce greenhouse gases.[166] Bloomberg supported the Iraq War and opposed creating a timeline for withdrawing troops.[167][168] Bloomberg has sometimes embraced the use of surveillance in efforts to deter crime and protect against terrorism.[169][170]

During and after[171] his tenure, he was a staunch supporter of stop-and-frisk. In November 2019, Bloomberg apologized for supporting it.[172][173][171] He advocates reversing many of the Trump tax cuts. His own tax plan includes implementing a 5 percent surtax on incomes above $5 million a year and would raise federal revenue by $5 trillion over a decade. He opposes a wealth tax, saying that it would likely be found unconstitutional.[174][175] He has also proposed more stringent financial regulations that include tougher oversight for big banks, a financial transactions tax, and stronger consumer protections.[176]

Bloomberg has stated that running as a Democrat – not an independent – is the only path he sees to defeating Donald Trump, saying: "In 2020, the great likelihood is that an independent would just split the anti-Trump vote and end up re-electing the President. That's a risk I refused to run in 2016 and we can't afford to run it now."[154]

Philanthropy
Main article: Bloomberg Philanthropies
See also: Everytown for Gun Safety

In August 2010, Bloomberg signed The Giving Pledge, whereby the wealthy pledge to give away at least half of their wealth. Since then, he has given away $9.5 billion overall including $3.3 billion in 2019. According to Chronicle of Philanthropy, he gave away the most money of any philanthropist in 2019.[177][178]

According to a profile in Fast Company, his Bloomberg Philanthropies foundation has five areas of focus: public health, the arts, government innovation, the environment, and education.[179][180] Through the Foundation, he has donated and/or pledged $767 million in 2018.[181][180][182]

2011 recipients included the Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; World Lung Foundation and the World Health Organization. According to The New York Times, Bloomberg was an "anonymous donor" to the Carnegie Corporation from 2001 to 2010, with gifts ranging from $5 million to $20 million each year.[183] The Carnegie Corporation distributed these contributions to hundreds of New York City organizations ranging from the Dance Theatre of Harlem to Gilda's Club, a non-profit organization that provides support to people and families living with cancer. He continues to support the arts through his foundation.[184]

Bloomberg gave $254 million in 2009 to almost 1,400 nonprofit organizations, saying, "I am a big believer in giving it all away and have always said that the best financial planning ends with bouncing the check to the undertaker."[185]

COVID-19 response

During the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic and its aftermath, Bloomberg through his foundation committed to a wide range of urgent causes including researching treatments and vaccines, leading contact tracing to root out the virus, supporting the World Health Organization, and funding global efforts to fight the spread of the disease and protect vulnerable populations. Action included:

  • Cofounding a $75 million fund for nonprofits impacted by COVID-19 in New York City[186]
  • Donating $6 million to World Central Kitchen to serve meals to health care workers in New York City[187]
  • Partnering with Johns Hopkins University to train COVID-19 contact tracers through its school of public health and search for a treatment of the virus.[188][189]
  • Convening mayors through a partnership with Harvard College to learn and discuss their pandemic response, featuring a bipartisan roster of speakers and attendees.[190][191]
  • Leading New York's contact tracing effort[192]
  • Launching an information and action sharing network for cities through the National League of Cities[193]
  • Supporting international efforts to combat the spread of COVID-19 and prepare regional leaders through the International Rescue Committee, the World Health Organization, Vital Strategies and other partners[194][195][196]

Environmental advocacy

Bloomberg is an environmentalist and has advocated policy to fight climate change at least since he became the mayor of New York City. At the national level, Bloomberg has consistently pushed for transitioning the United States' energy mix from fossil fuels to clean energy. In July 2011, Bloomberg Philanthropies donated $50 million to Sierra Club's Beyond Coal campaign, allowing the campaign to expand its efforts to shut down coal-fired power plants from 15 states to 45 states.[197][198] In 2015, Bloomberg announced an additional $30 million contribution to the Beyond Coal initiative, matched with another $30 million by other donors, to help secure the retirement of half of America's fleet of coal plants by 2017.[199] In July 2017, Europe Beyond Coal was established to phase out use of coal on the continent by 2030.[200] Austria closed its final coal-fired plant in April 2020.[201] In early June 2019, Bloomberg pledged $500 million to reduce climate impacts and shut remaining coal-fired power plants by 2030 via the new Beyond Carbon initiative.[202][203]

Bloomberg Philanthropies awarded a $6 million grant to the Environmental Defense Fund in support of strict regulations on fracking in the 14 states with the heaviest natural gas production.[204]

In 2013, Bloomberg and Bloomberg Philanthropies launched the Risky Business initiative with former Treasury Secretary Hank Paulson and hedge-fund billionaire Tom Steyer. The joint effort worked to convince the business community of the need for more sustainable energy and development policies, by quantifying and publicizing the economic risks the United States faces from the impact of climate change.[205] In January 2015, Bloomberg led Bloomberg Philanthropies in a $48-million partnership with the Heising-Simons family to launch the Clean Energy Initiative. The initiative supports state-based solutions aimed at ensuring America has a clean, reliable, and affordable energy system.[206]

Since 2010, Bloomberg has taken an increasingly global role on environmental issues. From 2010 to 2013, he served as the chairman of the C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group, a network of the world's biggest cities working together to reduce carbon emissions.[207] During his tenure, Bloomberg worked with President Bill Clinton to merge C40 with the Clinton Climate Initiative, with the goal of amplifying their efforts in the global fight against climate change worldwide.[208] He serves as the president of the board of C40 Cities.[209] In January 2014, Bloomberg began a five-year commitment totaling $53 million through Bloomberg Philanthropies to the Vibrant Oceans Initiative. The initiative partners Bloomberg Philanthropies with Oceana, Rare, and Encourage Capital to help reform fisheries and increase sustainable populations worldwide.[210] In 2018, Bloomberg joined Ray Dalio in announcing a commitment of $185 million towards protecting the oceans.[211]

In 2014, United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-moon appointed Bloomberg as his first Special Envoy for Cities and Climate Change to help the United Nations work with cities to prevent climate change.[212] In September 2014, Bloomberg convened with Ban and global leaders at the UN Climate Summit to announce definite action to fight climate change in 2015.[213] In 2018, Ban's successor António Guterres appointed Bloomberg as UN envoy for climate action.[214][215] He resigned in November 2019, in the run-up to his presidential campaign.[216]

In late 2014, Bloomberg, Ban Ki-moon, and global city networks ICLEI-Local Governments for Sustainability (ICLEI), C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group (C40) and United Cities and Local Governments (UCLG), with support from UN-Habitat, launched the Compact of Mayors, a global coalition of mayors and city officials pledging to reduce local greenhouse gas emissions, enhance climate resilience, and track their progress transparently.[217] To date, over 250 cities representing more than 300 million people worldwide and 4.1 percent of the total global population, have committed to the Compact of Mayors,[218] which was merged with the Covenant of Mayors in June 2016.[219][220]

In 2015, Bloomberg and Paris mayor Anne Hidalgo created the Climate Summit for Local Leaders.[221] which convened assembled hundreds of city leaders from around the world at Paris City Hall to discuss fighting climate change.[222][223][224] The Summit concluded with the presentation of the Paris Declaration, a pledge by leaders from assembled global cities to cut carbon emissions by 3.7 gigatons annually by 2030.[225]

During the 2015 UN Climate Change Conference in Paris, Mark Carney, Governor of the Bank of England and chair of the Financial Stability Board, announced that Bloomberg would lead a new global task force designed to help industry and financial markets understand the growing risks of climate change.[226]

Following President Donald Trump's announcement that the U.S. government would withdraw from the Paris climate accord, Bloomberg outlined a coalition of cities, states, universities and businesses that had come together to honor America's commitment under the agreement through 'America's Pledge.'[227] Bloomberg offered up to $15 million to the UNFCCC, the UN body that assists countries with climate change efforts.[228][229] About a month later, Bloomberg and California Governor Jerry Brown announced that the America's Pledge coalition would work to "quantify the actions taken by U.S. states, cities and business to drive down greenhouse gas emissions consistent with the goals of the Paris Agreement."[230][231] In announcing the initiative, Bloomberg said "the American government may have pulled out of the Paris agreement, but American society remains committed to it."[232] Two think tanks, World Resource Institute and the Rocky Mountain Institute, will work with America's Pledge to analyze the work cities, states and businesses do to meet the U.S. commitment to the Paris agreement.[233]

In May 2019, Bloomberg announced a 2020 Midwestern Collegiate Climate Summit in Washington University in St. Louis with the aim to bring together leaders from Midwestern universities, local government and the private sector to reduce climate impacts in the region.[234][235][236]

Johns Hopkins University philanthropy

As of 2019, Bloomberg has given more than $3.3 billion to Johns Hopkins University, his alma mater,[237] making him "the most generous living donor to any education institution in the United States."[238] His first contribution, in 1965, had been $5.[238] He made his first $1 million commitment to JHU in 1984, and subsequently became the first individual to exceed $1 billion in lifetime donations to a single U.S. institution of higher education.[239]

Bloomberg's contributions to Johns Hopkins "fueled major improvements in the university's reputation and rankings, its competitiveness for faculty and students, and the appearance of its campus,"[238] and included construction of a children's hospital (the Charlotte R. Bloomberg Children's Center Building, named after Bloomberg's mother); a physics building, a school of public health (the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health), libraries, and biomedical research facilities,[238] including the Institute for Cell Engineering, a stem-cell research institute within the School of Medicine, and the Malaria Research Institute within the School of Public Health.[238][239] In 2013, Bloomberg committed $350 million to Johns Hopkins, five-sevenths of which were allocated to the Bloomberg Distinguished Professorships, endowing 50 Bloomberg Distinguished Professors (BDPs) whose interdisciplinary expertise crosses traditional academic disciplines.[239] In 2016, on the School of Public Health's centennial, Bloomberg Philanthropies contributed $300 million to establish the Bloomberg American Health Initiative.[240] Bloomberg also funded the launch of the Bloomberg–Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy within the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in East Baltimore, with a $50 million gift; an additional $50 million was given by philanthropist Sidney Kimmel, and $25 million by other donors.[241][242][243] It will support cancer therapy research, technology and infrastructure development, and private sector partnerships.[244] In 2016, Bloomberg joined Vice President Joe Biden for the institute's formal launch, embracing Biden's "Cancer Moonshot" initiative, which seeks to find a cure for cancer through national coordination of government and private sector resources.[241] In 2018, Bloomberg contributed a further gift of $1.8 billion to Johns Hopkins, allowing the university to practice need-blind admission and meet the full financial need of admitted students.[237]

Other educational and research philanthropy

Through Bloomberg Philanthropies, Bloomberg established the American Talent Initiative in 2016 which is committed to increasing the number of lower-income high-achieving students attending elite colleges.[245][246] Bloomberg Philanthropies also supports CollegePoint which has provided advising to lower- and moderate-income high school students since 2014.[247]

In 2016, the Museum of Science, Boston announced a $50 million gift from Bloomberg.[248] The donation marks Bloomberg's fourth gift to the museum, which he credits with sparking his intellectual curiosity as a patron and student during his youth in Medford, Massachusetts.[249] The endowment supported the museum's education division, named the William and Charlotte Bloomberg Science Education Center in honor of Bloomberg's parents. It is the largest donation in the museum's 186-year history.[250][251]

In 2015, Bloomberg donated $100 million to Cornell Tech, the applied sciences graduate school of Cornell University, to construct the first academic building, "The Bloomberg Center", on the school's Roosevelt Island campus.[252]

In 1996, Bloomberg endowed the William Henry Bloomberg Professorship at Harvard University with a $3 million gift in honor of his father, who died in 1963, saying, "throughout his life, he recognized the importance of reaching out to the nonprofit sector to help better the welfare of the entire community."[253]

Urban innovation philanthropy

In July 2011, Bloomberg launched a $24 million initiative to fund "Innovation Delivery Teams" in five cities. The teams are one of Bloomberg Philanthropies' key goals: advancing government innovation.[254] In December 2011, Bloomberg Philanthropies launched a partnership with online ticket search engine SeatGeek to connect artists with new audiences. Called the Discover New York Arts Project, the project includes organizations HERE, New York Theatre Workshop, and the Kaufman Center.[255]

In 2013, Bloomberg announced the Mayors Challenge competition to drive innovation in American cities. The program was later expanded to competitions in Latin America and Europe.[256][257]

In 2016, Bloomberg gave Harvard $32 million to create the Bloomberg Harvard City Leadership Initiative within Harvard Kennedy School's Ash Center for Democratic Governance and Innovation; the initiative provides training to mayors and their aides on innovative municipal leadership and challenges facing cities.[258][259][260][261]

Tobacco, guns and public health
Bloomberg speaking at an Everytown for Gun Safety event in August 2019

Bloomberg has been a longtime donor to global tobacco control efforts.[262][263] Bloomberg has donated close to $1 billion to the World Health Organization (WHO) to promote anti-smoking efforts, including $125 million in 2006, $250 million in 2008, and $360 million, making Bloomberg Philanthropies the developing world's biggest funder of tobacco-control initiatives.[263] In 2013, it was reported that Bloomberg had donated $109.24 million in 556 grants and 61 countries to campaigns against tobacco.[264] Bloomberg's contributions are aimed at "getting countries to monitor tobacco use, introduce strong tobacco-control laws, and create mass media campaigns to educate the public about the dangers of tobacco use."[263]

Bloomberg is the co-founder of Everytown for Gun Safety (formerly Mayors Against Illegal Guns), a gun control advocacy group.[265]

In August 2016, the World Health Organization appointed Bloomberg as its Global Ambassador for Noncommunicable Diseases.[266] In this role, Bloomberg will mobilize private sector and political leaders to help the WHO reduce deaths from preventable diseases, traffic accidents, tobacco, obesity, and alcohol. WHO Director-General Margaret Chan cited Bloomberg's ongoing support for WHO anti-smoking, drowning prevention, and road safety programs in her announcement of his new role.[267][268]

Other philanthropy

Through Bloomberg Philanthropies, Bloomberg supported the Fresh Air Fund's creation of 'Open Spaces in the City' in summer 2020 to provide socially-distant areas for kids to play during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as jobs for local teens.[269][270]

The public library in Bloomberg's hometown of Medford announced in August 2020 that Bloomberg had donated $3 million to the construction of a new facility, citing his family's long-standing ties to the library.[271]

In 2017, Bloomberg donated $75 million for The Shed, a new arts and cultural center in Hudson Yards, Manhattan.[272][273][274]

Bloomberg also endowed his hometown synagogue, Temple Shalom, which was renamed for his parents as the William and Charlotte Bloomberg Jewish Community Center of Medford.[275]

Bloomberg hosted the Global Business Forum in September 2017, during the annual meeting of the United Nations General Assembly; the gathering featured international CEOs, heads of state, and other prominent speakers.[276][277][278]

In 2009 Bloomberg met with other billionaires such as Warren Buffett, Bill Gates, Ted Turner and Oprah Winfrey to address issues ranging from the environment, health care and concerns over population growth. Although no formal organization was established, the effort was understood to be designed to help bring various philanthropic projects of the mega-donors into a more unified effort to address various problems on our planet.[279][280]

Electoral history
Main article: Electoral history of Michael Bloomberg

Personal life

Family and relationships

In 1975, Bloomberg married Susan Elizabeth Barbara Brown, a British national from Yorkshire, United Kingdom.[281] They have two daughters: Emma (born c. 1979) and Georgina (born 1983), who were featured on Born Rich, a 2003 documentary film about the children of the extremely wealthy. Bloomberg divorced Brown in 1993, but he has said she remains his "best friend."[264] Since 2000, Bloomberg has lived with former New York state banking superintendent Diana Taylor.[282][283][284]

Bloomberg's younger sister, Marjorie Tiven, has been Commissioner of the New York City Commission for the United Nations, Consular Corps and Protocol, since February 2002.[285]

Religion

Although he attended Hebrew school, had a bar mitzvah, and his family kept a kosher kitchen, Bloomberg today is relatively secular, attending synagogue mainly during the High Holidays and a Passover Seder with his sister, Marjorie Tiven.[286] Neither of his daughters had bat mitzvahs.[286]

Public image and lifestyle

Throughout his business career, Bloomberg has made numerous statements which have been considered by some to be insulting, derogatory, sexist or misogynistic. When working on Wall Street in the 1960s and 1970s, Bloomberg claimed in his 1997 autobiography, he had "a girlfriend in every city".[287][288] On various occasions, Bloomberg allegedly commented "I'd do her", regarding certain women, some of whom were coworkers or employees. Bloomberg later said that by "do", he meant that he would have a personal relationship with the woman.[42] Bloomberg's staff told the New York Times that he now regrets having made "disrespectful" remarks concerning women.[42]

During his term as mayor, he lived at his own home on the Upper East Side of Manhattan instead of Gracie Mansion, the official mayoral residence.[289] In 2013, he owned 13 properties in various countries around the world, including a $20 million Georgian mansion in Southampton, New York.[290][291] In 2015, he acquired 4 Cheyne Walk, a historical property in Cheyne Walk, Chelsea, London, which once belonged to writer George Eliot.[292] Bloomberg and his daughters own houses in Bermuda and stay there frequently.[293][294]

Bloomberg stated that during his mayoralty, he rode the New York City Subway on a daily basis, particularly in the commute from his 79th Street home to his office at City Hall. An August 2007 story in The New York Times stated that he was often seen chauffeured by two New York Police Department-owned SUVs to an express train station to avoid having to change from the local to the express trains on the IRT Lexington Avenue Line.[295] He supported the construction of the 7 Subway Extension and the Second Avenue Subway; in December 2013, Bloomberg took a ceremonial ride on a train to the new 34th Street station to celebrate a part of his legacy as mayor.[296][297]

During his tenure as mayor, Bloomberg made cameos playing himself in the films The Adjustment Bureau and New Year's Eve, as well as in episodes of 30 Rock, Curb Your Enthusiasm, The Good Wife, and two episodes of Law & Order.[298]

Bloomberg is a private pilot.[299] He owns six airplanes: three Dassault Falcon 900s, a Beechcraft B300, a Pilatus PC-24, and a Cessna 182 Skylane. Bloomberg also owns two helicopters: an AW109 and an Airbus helicopter[300] and as of 2012 was near the top of the waiting list for an AW609 tiltrotor aircraft.[301] In his youth he was a licensed amateur radio operator, was proficient in Morse code, and built ham radios.[302]

Awards and honors

Bloomberg has received honorary degrees from Tufts University (2007),[303] Bard College (2007),[304] Rockefeller University (2007),[305] the University of Pennsylvania (2008),[306] Fordham University (2009),[307][308] Williams College (2014),[309][310] Harvard University (2014),[311] the University of Michigan (2016),[312] Villanova University (2017) [313] and Washington University in St. Louis (2019).[314] Bloomberg was the speaker for Princeton University's 2011 baccalaureate service.[315]

On May 27, 2010, Bloomberg delivered the commencement speech at his alma mater, Johns Hopkins University.[316] In addition, he was invited to and delivered guest remarks for the Johns Hopkins Class of 2020. Other notable guest speakers during the virtual ceremony included Reddit co-founder and Commencement speaker Alexis Ohanian; Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and a leading member of the White House Coronavirus Task Force; and senior class president Pavan Patel[317]

Bloomberg has received the Yale School of Management's Award for Distinguished Leadership in Global Capital Markets (2003);[318] Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement presented by Ehud Barak (2004);[319][320] Barnard College's Barnard Medal of Distinction (2008);[321] the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Leadership for Healthy Communities' Healthy Communities Leadership Award (2009);[322] and the Jefferson Awards Foundation's U.S. Senator John Heinz Award for Greatest Public Service by an Elected or Appointed Official (2010).[323] He was the inaugural laureate of the annual Genesis Prize for Jewish values in 2013,[324] and donated the $1 million prize money to a global competition, the Genesis Generation Challenge, to identify young adults' big ideas to better the world.[325]

Bloomberg was named the 39th most influential person in the world in the 2007 and 2008 Time 100.[326] In 2010, Vanity Fair ranked him #7 in its "Vanity Fair 100" list of influential figures.[327]

In 2014, Queen Elizabeth II appointed Bloomberg an Honorary Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire for his "prodigious entrepreneurial and philanthropic endeavors, and the many ways in which they have benefited the United Kingdom and the U.K.-U.S. special relationship."[328]

Books and other works

Bloomberg, with Matthew Winkler, wrote an autobiography, Bloomberg by Bloomberg, published in 1997 by Wiley.[329] A second edition was released in 2019, ahead of Bloomberg's presidential run.[330][331] Bloomberg and former Sierra Club Executive Director Carl Pope co-authored Climate of Hope: How Cities, Businesses, and Citizens Can Save the Planet (2017), published by St. Martin's Press; the book appeared on the New York Times hardcover nonfiction best-seller list.[332][333] Bloomberg has written a number of op-eds in the New York Times about various issues, including an op-ed supporting state and local efforts to fight climate change (2017),[334] an op-ed about his donation of $1.8 billion in financial aid for college students and support for need-blind admission policies (2018);[335] an op-ed supporting a ban on flavored e-cigarettes (2019);[336] and an op-ed supporting policies to reduce economic inequality (2020).[337]

See also

References
  1. "#14 Michael Bloomberg". Forbes. Retrieved February 5, 2021.
  2. https://www.forbes.com/profile/michael-bloomberg/?list=billionaires#1ed96aa14178 Retrieved July 22, 2020
  3. https://www.forbes.com/profile/michael-bloomberg/?list=forbes-400#6697c1a11417 Retrieved July 22, 2020
  4. Cooper, Michael (October 1, 2003). "Political Memo; Bloomberg, the Technocrat, Seeks His Inner La Guardia". The New York Times. Retrieved February 25, 2020.
  5. "Bloomberg apologizes for 'stop-and-frisk' police practice". NBC News. Retrieved July 24, 2020.
  6. "Form 3P for Mike Bloomberg 2020, Inc". docquery.fec.gov. Retrieved April 1, 2020.
  7. Murphy, Dean E. (November 26, 2001). "Bloomberg a Man of Contradictions, but With a Single Focus". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 16, 2020.
  8. Harris, Elizabeth A. (June 20, 2011). "Charlotte R. Bloomberg, Mayor's Mother, Dies at 102". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 13, 2017.
  9. Saguinsin, Art. Things You Need To Know About Success & Failure. A.T.Saguinsin.
  10. "Baker Library/Bloomberg Center". Harvard Business School. Retrieved October 13, 2017.
  11. Levitz, Jennifer (May 29, 2014). "Bloomberg Condemns Narrowing Views on College Campuses". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved March 16, 2020.
  12. "'Focus' on Bloomberg's Jewishness". September 1, 2010.
  13. "Michael Bloomberg". Encyclopædia Britannica.
  14. https://www.nytimes.com/1976/12/16/archives/susan-meyer-is-married-to-michael-bloomberg.html
  15. Purnick, Joyce (October 9, 2009). "Mike Bloomberg". The New York Times.
  16. Ford, Beverly; Lovett, Kenneth; Blau, Reuven; Einhorn, Erin; Lucadamo, Kathleen (June 19, 2011). "Charlotte Bloomberg, Mayor Bloomberg's Mother, Dies at 102". New York Daily News. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
  17. Grynbaum, Michael M. (March 19, 2012). "Mayor's Ties to Hometown Fade, but for a few, They Are Still Felt". The New York Times. Retrieved March 20, 2012.
  18. Fiorina, Steve (January 5, 2020). "Mike Bloomberg campaigns in San Diego for first time". Retrieved December 4, 2020.
  19. Legacy of Honor: The Values and Influence of America's Eagle Scouts. New York: St. Martin's Press. 2007. pp. 111–18. ISBN 978-0-312-36653-7. Retrieved February 14, 2012.
  20. Auletta, Ken (March 10, 1997). "The Bloomberg Threat". The New Yorker. 73 (3). p. 38. Archived from the original on November 20, 2001.
  21. "Bloomberg's Medford". The New York Times.
  22. "10 Fun Facts about Johns Hopkins University". www.admitsee.com. Retrieved March 18, 2019.
  23. Smith, Linell. "He was always working". baltimoresun.com. Retrieved March 16, 2020.
  24. "Retro Baltimore Trivia: What was Michael Bloomberg's degree in from Johns Hopkins University?". baltimoresun.com. Retrieved March 16, 2020.
  25. Daniels, Meghan (April 15, 2011). "Life After B-School: 5 Very Different HBS Grads". Knewton blog. Archived from the original on March 9, 2012. Retrieved February 14, 2012.
  26. Bloomberg, Michael (1997). Bloomberg by Bloomberg. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-471-15545-4.
  27. Luce, Richard Feloni, Tanza Loudenback, Ivan De (August 5, 2019). "The 30 most successful Harvard Business School graduates of all time". Business Insider. Retrieved March 16, 2020.
  28. Roose, Kevin (2014). Young Money: Inside the Hidden World of Wall Street's Post-Crash Recruits. London, UK: John Murray (Publishers), An Hachette UK Company. p. 151. ISBN 978-1-4555-7232-8.
  29. Barbaro, Michael (October 27, 2008). "The Fate of Bloomberg's Memoir". The New York Times. Retrieved November 1, 2012.
  30. Farhi, Paul (December 9, 2014). "Bloomberg News reaches into British media for a new top editor". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved March 16, 2020.
  31. Meserve, Myles. "How Michael Bloomberg Went From Bond Trader To Billionaire Media Mogul With One Incredible Machine". Business Insider. Retrieved March 16, 2020.
  32. Bloomberg, Michael (1997). "The Last Supper". Bloomberg by Bloomberg. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 0-471-15545-4.
  33. McGeehan, Patrick (February 18, 2009). "City Will Help Retrain Laid-Off Wall Streeters". The New York Times.
  34. Roberts, Sam (February 1, 2017). "Michael Bloomberg on How to Succeed in Business". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 21, 2020.
  35. Stewart, Emily (December 11, 2019). "How Mike Bloomberg made his billions: a computer system you've probably never seen". Vox (Vox Media). Retrieved December 11, 2019.
  36. Goldberg, Richard (January 23, 2009). The Battle for Wall Street: Behind the Lines in the Struggle that Pushed an Industry into Turmoil. p. 26. ISBN 978-0-470-44681-2.
  37. McCracken, Harry (October 6, 2015). "How the Bloomberg Terminal Made History—And Stays Ever Relevant". Fast Company. Retrieved February 27, 2020.
  38. Pasiuk, Laurie (2005). Vault Guide to the Top Media & Entertainment Employers. Vault Inc. ISBN 978-1-58131-337-6.
  39. Grynbaum, Michael M. (November 14, 2019). "Bloomberg's Team Calls His Crude Remarks on Women 'Wrong'". The New York Times. Retrieved November 14, 2019.
  40. Campbell, Nicole Einbinder, Dakin. "Mike Bloomberg made crass sexual remarks about women in the workplace as recently as 2014, according to a former executive". Business Insider. Retrieved March 18, 2020.
  41. Barrett, Wayne (October 30, 2001). "Bloomberg's Sexual Blind Spot". Village Voice. New York. Retrieved October 30, 2019.
  42. Garber, Megan (September 19, 2018). "'I'd Do Her': Mike Bloomberg and the Underbelly of #MeToo". Atlantic. Retrieved October 30, 2019.
  43. Among the contents of the 1990 publication are a suggestion that if women wanted to be known for their intelligence, they would spend less time at Bloomingdale's and more at the library; as well as a joke that if Bloomberg terminals could provide oral sex, it would put female employees out of work.
  44. Pezenik, Sasha (December 16, 2019). "Booklet of Mike Bloomberg's 'Wit and Wisdom' could haunt him during presidential bid: Critics". ABC News. Retrieved December 16, 2019.
  45. "Lex Fenwick's biography". dowjones.com. Archived from the original on December 2, 2013.
  46. "CORRECTED-RPT-INSIGHT-The Lex Factor roils Dow Jones". Reuters.com. October 9, 2012.
  47. "Ex-New York mayor back at Bloomberg". BBC News. September 4, 2014. Retrieved March 18, 2020.
  48. Sorkin, Andrew Ross (September 3, 2014). "Michael Bloomberg to Return to Lead Bloomberg L.P.". The New York Times.
  49. "The 400 Richest Americans: #8 Michael Bloomberg". Forbes. September 17, 2008. Retrieved September 17, 2008.
  50. Yu, Roger. "Bloomberg returns to media company as CEO leaves". USA TODAY. Retrieved March 18, 2020.
  51. Farrell, Andrew. "Billionaires Who Made Billions More". Forbes. Retrieved July 26, 2012.
  52. "The World's Billionaires". Forbes. March 8, 2007.
  53. "The World's Billionaires". Forbes. March 1, 2009.
  54. "#9 Michael Bloomberg". Forbes. 2019. Retrieved March 4, 2020.
  55. Steinhauer, Jennifer (January 1, 2002). "THE MAYORAL TRANSITION: OVERVIEW; Bloomberg Takes Oath as 108th Mayor of New York". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 19, 2020.
  56. Lisi, Clemente (November 4, 2009). "Bloomberg elected to a third term". New York Post. Retrieved March 19, 2020.
  57. Purnick, Joyce (September 22, 2009). Mike Bloomberg: Money, Power, Politics. PublicAffairs. p. 102. ISBN 978-0-7867-4621-7.
  58. Purnick, Joyce (September 22, 2009). Mike Bloomberg: Money, Power, Politics. PublicAffairs. p. 119. ISBN 978-0-7867-4621-7.
  59. Krupa, Gregg. "Bloomberg upsets critics by spending wealth to seek presidency". Detroit News. Retrieved March 19, 2020.
  60. Pasanen, Glenn (August 13, 2007). "The Mayor's Legacy: Educational Improvements and Poverty Reduction, Or Bold Budgeting and Economic Development?". Gotham Gazette. Retrieved February 17, 2020.
  61. Nagourney, Adam (December 25, 2001). "Bloomberg Vows to Work at Center of Things". The New York Times. Retrieved October 18, 2016.
  62. Wood, Robert W. (April 5, 2014). "Tax-Smart Billionaires Who Work For $1". Forbes. Retrieved February 17, 2020.
  63. Rubinstein, Dana (May 3, 2012). "Bloomberg presents a balanced budget, with moving parts". Capital New York. Archived from the original on May 6, 2012. Retrieved November 5, 2012.
  64. "The mayor's affordable housing optimism". Politico PRO. Retrieved August 13, 2018.
  65. "City will reach 160,000 units of affordable housing by year's end under New Housing Marketplace Plan". The official website of the City of New York. December 21, 2013. Retrieved August 13, 2018.
  66. Farley, Tom (October 13, 2015). Saving Gotham: A Billionaire Mayor, Activist Doctors, and the Fight for Eight Million Lives. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-24880-7.
  67. Dunlap, David W. (January 1, 2004). "Blocks; Capturing the Spirit of 1776, but With a Different Number". The New York Times. Retrieved July 19, 2006.
  68. "Young Men's Initiative to Aid Young Black and Latino Males". Bloomberg Philanthropies. Retrieved April 1, 2020.
  69. Dorothy Rabinowitz (August 4, 2010). "Liberal Piety and the Memory of 9/11; The enlightened class can't understand why the public is uneasy about the Ground Zero mosque". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on July 25, 2015. Retrieved August 4, 2010.
  70. "Stop-and-Frisk Data". New York Civil Liberties Union. January 2, 2012. Retrieved April 1, 2020.
  71. Devereaux, Ryan (August 12, 2013). "New York's stop-and-frisk trial comes to a close with landmark ruling". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved April 1, 2020.
  72. Williams, Matt; Devereaux, Ryan (August 12, 2013). "New York's stop-and-frisk policy is unconstitutional, judge rules". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved April 1, 2020.
  73. Weiser, Benjamin (May 2, 2016). "Departing Judge Offers Blunt Defense of Ruling in Stop-and-Frisk Case". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 1, 2020.
  74. "Factsheet: The NYPD Muslim Surveillance Program". American Civil Liberties Union. Retrieved April 1, 2020.
  75. Ariosto, David. "Surveillance unit produced no terrorism leads, NYPD says". CNN. Retrieved April 1, 2020.
  76. "QU Poll Release Detail". QU Poll. New Haven, Connecticut: Quinnipiac University. Retrieved May 7, 2018.
  77. Nagourney, Adam (November 8, 2001). "The 2001 Elections: Strategy; As Democrats Bicker, Bloomberg Era Begins". The New York Times. Retrieved February 15, 2020.
  78. Russianoff, Gene (December 9, 2003). "Mike's Wrong, Campaign Fixes Make Sense". Daily News. New York. Archived from the original on January 5, 2006.
  79. "Bloomberg Walks a Fine Line as Host". Los Angeles Times. August 30, 2004.
  80. Hernandez, Raymond (June 18, 2002). "Bloomberg Makes City's Bid For 2004 G.O.P. Convention". The New York Times.
  81. Colangelo, Lisa L.; Saltonstall, David (November 9, 2005). "Bloomberg wins by a KO: Crushes Ferrer by nearly 20-point margin". Daily News. New York. Archived from the original on November 26, 2005. Retrieved November 12, 2008.
  82. Haberman, Maggie; Saltonstall, David (January 5, 2005). "Mayor Hires Indys To Hunt volunteers". Daily News. New York. Archived from the original on January 5, 2005. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
  83. Schulman, Robin (August 4, 2005). "Ognibene Loses Bid for Line on Ballot Against Bloomberg". The New York Times.
  84. Clyne, Meghan (April 27, 2005). "Ognibene Will Fight Bloomberg All the Way to November Election". The New York Sun.
  85. Levy, Julia (September 19, 2005). "Bloomberg's 'Republican' Problem". The New York Sun.
  86. Lagorio, Christine (October 22, 2005). "GOP Mayors Reign Over Liberal NYC". CBS News.
  87. Baker, Gerald (November 10, 2005). "Democrats Celebrate as Voters Pile Woe Upon Woe for Bush". The Times. Archived from the original on June 14, 2011. Retrieved October 3, 2008.
  88. Rudin, Ken (June 20, 2007). "Bloomberg News: A 'Subway Series' for President?". NPR.
  89. Skyler, Edward; Barowitz, Jordan (September 16, 2005). "Statement By Mayor Bloomberg On Supreme Court Chief Justice Nominee John Roberts". The City of New York. Retrieved January 20, 2011.
  90. Katz, Celeste (October 9, 2005). "Mike Soaks Up 2 Big Nods: Vallones Cross Party Line for Mayor". Daily News. New York. Archived from the original on January 4, 2006. Retrieved November 12, 2008.
  91. Honan, Edith (October 2, 2008). "NYC's Bloomberg Says To Seek Third Term as Mayor". Reuters.
  92. Steven Lee Myers (October 24, 1993). "Ronald Lauder, Leader Of Term-Limit Band". The New York Times.
  93. Hicks, Jonathan P. (September 30, 2008). "Lauder Favors a Third Term for Bloomberg". The New York Times.
  94. Einhorn, Erin (October 6, 2008). "Term limit deal: Ronald Lauder agrees to stay out of legal battle in return for city board seat". Daily News. New York.
  95. "Citizens Union/NYPIRG Forum on Term Limits Tonight". mas.org. Archived from the original on January 6, 2012.
  96. Kramer, Marcia (October 23, 2008). "'Aye' And Mighty: Bloomberg's Wish Is Granted". WCBS-TV. Archived from the original on October 25, 2008.
  97. Chan, Sewell; Chen, David W. (November 3, 2008). "City Room: After an Earful, Mayor Signs Term Limits Bill". The New York Times.
  98. Panisch, Jo (October 6, 2008). "New Yorkers Protest Against Bloomberg Plan to Override Term Limits". Archive.sohojournal.com. Archived from the original on December 8, 2012. Retrieved November 5, 2012.
  99. "Office of the New York City Controller". Comptroller.nyc.gov. April 14, 2014. Retrieved April 20, 2014.
  100. "2009 Election Results". The New York Times. November 5, 2009. Archived from the original on November 7, 2009. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
  101. "Final total of Mayor Bloomberg's 2009 campaign: $109M". silive. Associated Press. July 15, 2010.
  102. Benjamin, Elizabeth (January 25, 2010). "Bloomberg's Independence (Pay)Day". Daily News. New York. Archived from the original on January 30, 2010. Retrieved April 17, 2010.
  103. Eligon, John (February 9, 2010). "How G.O.P. Worker Got Bloomberg Money Is Investigated". The New York Times. Retrieved April 17, 2010.
  104. Benjamin, Elizabeth (February 9, 2010). "Vance Investigating Indy/Bloomberg/Haggerty Connection". Daily News. New York. Archived from the original on February 15, 2010. Retrieved April 17, 2010.
  105. Benjamin, Elizabeth (February 12, 2010). "Independence Party to Haggerty: Where's Our Money?". Daily News. New York. Archived from the original on February 17, 2010. Retrieved April 17, 2010.
  106. Barrett, Wayne (March 2, 2010). "Mike Bloomberg's $1.2 Million Indy Party Donation Gets Murkier and Murkier". The Village Voice. Archived from the original on July 9, 2010. Retrieved April 17, 2010.
  107. Calder, Rich; Seifman, David (February 16, 2010). "Mike Poll Watcher Also Rented Office". New York Post. Retrieved February 16, 2010.
  108. Barbaro, Michael; Taylor, Kate (September 13, 2013). "Bloomberg Decides Not to Endorse a Successor". The New York Times. Retrieved October 10, 2013.
  109. Bailey, Holly (November 5, 2013). "Mayor Bloomberg focused on his legacy as he prepares to leave office". Yahoo! News. Retrieved November 6, 2013.
  110. Barbaro, Michael; Taylor, Kate (September 13, 2013). "Bloomberg Decides Not to Endorse a Successor". The New York Times.
  111. Smith, Chris (September 7, 2013). "In Conversation: Michael Bloomberg". New York. Retrieved October 10, 2013.
  112. Mathias, Christopher (September 13, 2013). "Michael Bloomberg: I Won't Endorse Candidate In New York City Mayor Race". The Huffington Post. Retrieved October 10, 2013.
  113. Louis, Errol (September 9, 2013). "Bloomberg's 'racist' remark reveals much". CNN. Retrieved October 10, 2013.
  114. Simpson, Connor (September 7, 2013). "New York Alters Bloomberg 'Racist' Accusation". The Atlantic. Retrieved October 10, 2013.
  115. Deprez, Esmé E. (September 23, 2013). "Obama Endorses Fellow Democrat De Blasio for New York Mayor". Bloomberg L.P. Retrieved October 10, 2013.
  116. Roberts, Sam (December 31, 2007). "Bloomberg Moves Closer to Running for President". The New York Times. Retrieved December 31, 2007.
  117. Broder, David S. (December 30, 2007). "Bipartisan Group Eyes Independent Bid". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 13, 2016.
  118. Dicker, Frederic U.; Seifman, David (November 6, 2007). "Mike's Secret Bid To Run vs. Spitzer". New York Post.
  119. Smith, Ben (June 21, 2007). "Mike for Veep?". Politico.
  120. Bloomberg, Michael R. (November 1, 2012). "A Vote for a President to Lead on Climate Change". Bloomberg. Retrieved November 1, 2012.
  121. Hernadez, Raymond (November 1, 2012). "Bloomberg Backs Obama, Citing Fallout From Storm". The New York Times. Retrieved November 3, 2012. he had decided over the past several days that Mr. Obama was the better candidate to tackle the global climate change that he believes might have contributed to the violent storm
  122. Burns, Alexander; Haberman, Maggie (January 23, 2016). "Bloomberg, Sensing an Opening, Revisits a Potential White House Run" – via NYTimes.com.
  123. Handler, Rachel. "Michael Bloomberg May Enter The Presidential Race". Vanity Fair.
  124. "Poll: Bloomberg vs. Sanders vs. Trump". January 25, 2016.
  125. Mara Gay (January 24, 2016). "Michael Bloomberg Mulling Run for President as Independent". The Wall Street Journal.
  126. Helmore, Edward (January 23, 2016). "Michael Bloomberg mulls presidential run on heels of Trump surge". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved January 24, 2016.
  127. Byers, Dylan (February 8, 2016). "Bloomberg: I'm considering 2016 bid". CNN. Retrieved February 9, 2016.
  128. "Michael Bloomberg's Moment". The Economist. February 20, 2016. Retrieved February 19, 2020.
  129. Bloomberg, Michael R. (March 7, 2016). "The Risk I Will Not Take". Bloomberg View. Retrieved February 19, 2020.
  130. Haberman, Maggie; Burns, Alexander (March 7, 2016). "Michael Bloomberg Will Not Enter Presidential Race". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 7, 2016.
  131. Bloomberg, Michael R. (July 27, 2016). "The Independent's Case for Clinton". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved July 26, 2018.
  132. Burns, Alexander (July 24, 2016). "Dismayed by Donald Trump, Michael Bloomberg Will Endorse Hillary Clinton". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 27, 2016.
  133. Prokop, Andrew (July 27, 2016). "How to watch the Democratic convention 2016: DNC live stream, TV channel, and schedule of events". Vox. Retrieved July 27, 2016.
  134. Prokop, Andrew (July 29, 2016). "Michael Bloomberg's DNC speech really got under Trump's skin". Vox. Retrieved July 31, 2016.
  135. Burns, Alexander (June 20, 2018). "Michael Bloomberg Will Spend $80 Million on the Midterms. His Goal: Flip the House for the Democrats". The New York Times. Retrieved February 19, 2020.
  136. Allen, Mike (September 27, 2018). "Scoop: Michael Bloomberg becomes House Dems' $100 million man". Axios. Retrieved October 10, 2018.
  137. Cole, Devan (October 10, 2018). "Bloomberg re-registers as a Democrat, saying the party must provide 'checks and balances'". CNN. Retrieved October 10, 2018.
  138. Peoples, Steve (March 5, 2019). "Ex-NYC Mayor Bloomberg won't run for president in 2020". Associated Press. Retrieved March 5, 2019.
  139. Burns, Alexander (November 24, 2019). "Michael Bloomberg Joins 2020 Democratic Field for President". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 24, 2019.
  140. "Michael Bloomberg vows to refuse donations as presidential bid looms". The Guardian. Associated Press. November 23, 2019. Retrieved February 2, 2020.
  141. Patricia Mazzei, Rebecca R. Ruiz & Jeremy W. Peters, Michael Bloomberg Quits Democratic Race, Ending a Brief and Costly Bid, New York Times (March 4, 2020).
  142. Corasaniti, Nick; Grynbaum, Michael M. (February 21, 2020). "Bloomberg, in Reversal, Says He'll Release 3 Women From Nondisclosure Agreements". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 22, 2020.
  143. "Bloomberg offers to release women from three confidentiality agreements". February 21, 2020.
  144. "Bloomberg improves from his last debate — but is it enough?". The Washington Post (February 26, 2020). Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  145. "Carville on Debate: "Warren Gives The Impression That She'd Rather Beat Bloomberg Than Win Herself"". February 25, 2020.
  146. Seema Mehta. "Michael Bloomberg drops out of the presidential race and endorses Joe Biden". Los Angeles Times.
  147. Jessica Taylor (January 17, 2020). "New Figures Show Billionaire Candidates Spending Big, With Little Return". NPR.
  148. Yelena Dzhanova, Mike Bloomberg's momentum stalls in presidential polls ahead of Super Tuesday vote, CNBC (February 26, 2020).
  149. Schwartz, Brian (May 15, 2020). "Mike Bloomberg plots spending blitz to support Joe Biden's run for president". CNBC. Retrieved July 24, 2020.
  150. Pelley, Scott (March 1, 2020). "Mike Bloomberg tells 60 Minutes why he should be president". CBS News. Retrieved March 4, 2020.
  151. Villarreal, Daniel (August 20, 2020). "Mike Bloomberg trashes Donald Trump's business record in fiery DNC speech". Newsweek. Retrieved September 8, 2020.
  152. "Don't Rehire a Failed President". Bloomberg.com. August 21, 2020. Retrieved September 8, 2020.
  153. Thrush, Glenn (August 28, 2020). "Joe Biden Pledges to 'Overcome This Season of Darkness' as the D.N.C. Ends". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved September 8, 2020.
  154. Stewart, Emily (November 25, 2019). "Michael Bloomberg's 2020 presidential campaign and policy positions, explained". Vox. Retrieved February 15, 2020.
  155. Stewart, Emily (October 10, 2018). "Michael Bloomberg is a Democrat again, fueling speculation about 2020 aspirations". Vox. Retrieved February 15, 2020.
  156. "Michael Bloomberg | Biography, Business, Mayorship, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved February 28, 2020.
  157. Otterbein, Holly (November 26, 2019). "Mike Bloomberg to donate $10 million to House Democrats targeted by GOP". Politico. Retrieved February 15, 2020.
  158. Relman, Eliza (February 11, 2020). "Michael Bloomberg is running for president in 2020. Here's everything we know about the candidate and how he stacks up against the competition". Business Insider. Retrieved February 15, 2020.
  159. Bloomberg, Michael (September 30, 2007). "Mayor Bloomberg Delivers Remarks at 2007 Conservative Party Conference". nyc.gov. Retrieved February 18, 2020.
  160. Tami Luhby, Three Bloomberg policies all of America now lives with, CNN (February 25, 2020).
  161. "Mayor Bloomberg Signs Landmark Bills to Further Reduce Smoking in New York City". tobaccofreekids.org. November 20, 2013.
  162. "Bloomberg calls for nationwide crackdown on e-cigs". nydailynews.com.
  163. Badger, Emily (October 31, 2013). "The Radical Case for Bloomberg's 'Nanny' State". Citylab.
  164. James, Frank (May 31, 2012). "Bloomberg Becomes Nanny-State Epitome for Some, Giving Obama a Breather". NPR.
  165. Burns, Alexander; Kulish, Nicholas (February 15, 2020). "Bloomberg's Billions: How the Candidate Built an Empire of Influence". The New York Times.
  166. Fermino, Jennifer (January 27, 2016). "Michael Bloomberg talks climate change with UN". NY Daily News.
  167. Miller, Judith (November 11, 2019). "The Mayor and the World". City Journal. Retrieved February 15, 2020.
  168. Manchester, Julia (January 7, 2020). "Bloomberg on backing 2003 invasion of Iraq: 'I don't live in a regret world'". The Hill. Retrieved February 18, 2020.
  169. Honan, Edith (October 2, 2007). "Bloomberg defends city surveillance camera plan". Reuters. Retrieved February 15, 2020.
  170. Colvin, Jill (April 22, 2013). "Bloomberg Says Interpretation of Constitution Will 'Have to Change' After Boston Bombing". Observer. Retrieved February 16, 2020.
  171. McHarris, Philip V. (February 16, 2020). "Should Mike Bloomberg's stop-and-frisk record disqualify him?". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 18, 2020.
  172. Goldmacher, Shane (November 17, 2019). "Michael Bloomberg Pushed 'Stop-and-Frisk' Policing. Now He's Apologizing". The New York Times. Retrieved February 18, 2020.
  173. Goodman, Amy (February 12, 2020). "Meet the Journalist Who Exposed Bloomberg's Racist Defense of Targeting Black & Brown Youth". Democracy Now!.
  174. Tankersley, Jim; Burns, Alexander (February 1, 2020). "Bloomberg Proposes $5 Trillion in Taxes on the Rich and Corporations". The New York Times. Retrieved February 16, 2020.
  175. Hirsch, Lauren (February 1, 2020). "'I will pay more': Bloomberg unveils $5 trillion tax plan targeting the wealthy and corporations". CNBC. Retrieved February 16, 2020.
  176. Merle, Renae (February 18, 2020). "Bloomberg's new plan to crack down on Wall Street includes financial transactions tax". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 18, 2020.
  177. Di Mento, Maria; Rendon, Jim (February 11, 2020). "Michael Bloomberg Tops Philanthropy 50 as Records for Billion-Dollar Giving Are Set". The Chronicle of Philanthropy. Retrieved July 24, 2020.
  178. Banjo, Shelly (August 5, 2010). "Mayor Pledges Wealth". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
  179. Pappu, Sridhar (August 8, 2011). "What's Next For Michael Bloomberg". Fast Company. Retrieved February 18, 2020.
  180. Di Mento, Maria; Lindsay, Drew (February 9, 2016). "Conservative Billionaire Richard Scaife Tops List of 50 Biggest Donors". The Chronicle of Philanthropy. Retrieved February 11, 2016.
  181. "2019 Annual Report | Bloomberg Philanthropies". 2019 Annual Report. Retrieved July 24, 2020.
  182. Di Mento, Maria (February 6, 2012). "No. 5: Michael R. Bloomberg". The Chronicle of Philanthropy.
  183. Barbaro, Michael (March 18, 2010). "Bloomberg Is Quietly Ending a Charitable Program". The New York Times. Retrieved February 18, 2020.
  184. Taylor, Kate (February 15, 2011). "Bloomberg Family Foundation to Support Arts". The New York Times. Retrieved February 18, 2020.
  185. Campbell, Dakin (June 17, 2010). "Broad, Bloomberg Back Buffett Call for Billionaire Donations". Bloomberg.
  186. Cuccinello, Hayley C. "Michael Bloomberg, Jon Stryker Donate To $75 Million COVID-19 Fund For New York City Nonprofits". Forbes. Retrieved July 22, 2020.
  187. Di Mento, Maria (April 20, 2020). "Michael Bloomberg Gives $6 Million to World Central Kitchen". www.philanthropy.com. Retrieved July 22, 2020.
  188. Eichensehr, Morgan (May 13, 2020). "Johns Hopkins launches free course to train Covid-19 contact tracers worldwide". www.bizjournals.com. Retrieved July 22, 2020.
  189. Watson, Tiffany (March 27, 2020). "Bloomberg Philanthropies, State of Maryland fund Johns Hopkins Univ. COVID-19 research". WBFF. Retrieved July 22, 2020.
  190. Hart, Kim. "Michael Bloomberg's coronavirus pivot". Axios. Retrieved July 22, 2020.
  191. Toussaint, Kristin (March 10, 2020). "Bloomberg, Gates foundations announce initiatives to help coronavirus response". Fast Company. Retrieved July 22, 2020.
  192. Young, Shannon. "Cuomo, Bloomberg detail plan to trace Covid-19 contacts". Politico PRO. Retrieved July 22, 2020.
  193. Hart, Kim. "Bloomberg launches coronavirus response network for mayors". Axios. Retrieved July 22, 2020.
  194. Lee, Bruce Y. "'One World: Together At Home' Concert: Stars Support COVID-19 Coronavirus Efforts". Forbes. Retrieved July 22, 2020.
  195. Prest, M.J. (April 28, 2020). "New Grant Commitments for Covid-19 Relief". www.philanthropy.com. Retrieved July 22, 2020.
  196. "Bloomberg Philanthropies unveils $40M global initiative for COVID-19 response". Smart Cities Dive. Retrieved July 22, 2020.
  197. Torres, Christian; Eilperin, Juliet (July 20, 2011). "N.Y. Mayor Bloomberg gives $50 million to fight coal-fired power plants". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
  198. Shogren, Elizabeth (July 21, 2011). "Mayor Bloomberg Donates $50 Million To Sierra Club". NPR. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
  199. Restuccia, Andrew (April 8, 2015). "Michael Bloomberg's war on coal". Politico. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
  200. Toussaint, Kristin (May 8, 2020). "Europe is getting off coal even faster than expected". Fast Company. Retrieved August 7, 2020.
  201. Frangoul, Anmar (April 20, 2020). "Austria's last coal-fired power station closes as the country pushes renewables". CNBC. Retrieved August 7, 2020.
  202. "Bloomberg to put $500M into closing all remaining coal plants by 2030". CBS News. June 7, 2019. Retrieved June 8, 2019.
  203. Bach, Natasha (June 7, 2019). "Bloomberg Pledges $500 Million to Coordinated Campaign to Combat Climate Change". Fortune. Retrieved June 8, 2019.
  204. Navarro, Mireya (August 24, 2012). "Bloomberg Backs Fracking, With Rules to Protect the Environment". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 11, 2015.
  205. Mundy, Alicia (June 23, 2014). "'Risky Business' Report Aims to Frame Climate Change as Economic Issue". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved November 11, 2015.
  206. "States Get $48M Boost From Bloomberg Charity To Help Meet Obama Climate Change Agenda". International Business Times. January 21, 2015. Retrieved November 11, 2015.
  207. "History of the C40". C40 Cities. c40.org. Retrieved November 11, 2015.
  208. Barbaro, Michael (April 13, 2011). "Bloomberg and Bill Clinton to Merge Climate Groups". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 11, 2015.
  209. Andrews, Jonathan (February 18, 2014). "Interview: Michael Bloomberg, Outgoing Chair and Current President C40 Cities". Cities Today. Retrieved November 11, 2015.
  210. "Bloomberg Philanthropies Commits $53 Million to Save the Oceans". The Hollywood Reporter. January 29, 2014. Retrieved November 11, 2015.
  211. Chaykowski, Kathleen (October 29, 2018). "Ray Dalio and Michael Bloomberg Commit $185 Million To Protect The Oceans". Forbes. Retrieved April 2, 2019.
  212. Nichols, Michelle (January 31, 2014). "U.N. appoints former NYC Mayor Bloomberg cities, climate change envoy". Reuters. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
  213. Taylor, Adam (September 22, 2014). "U.N. climate summit is high-profile, but some of world's most important leaders will skip it". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
  214. "Secretary-General Appoints Michael R. Bloomberg of United States Special Envoy for Climate Action". www.un.org (Press release). Retrieved May 10, 2018.
  215. "Mike Bloomberg to lead UN's climate change initiative". New York Post. March 6, 2018. Retrieved May 10, 2018.
  216. Lederer, Edith M. (November 25, 2019). "Bloomberg, now Democratic candidate, resigns UN climate post". Associated Press.
  217. "C40: About the Compact of Mayors". c40.org. Archived from the original on November 2, 2015. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
  218. "News Archives – Compact of Mayors". Compact of Mayors. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
  219. "Compact of Mayors and EU Covenant of Mayors launch largest global coalition of cities committed to fighting climate change". National Geographic Society (blogs). nationalgeographic.com. June 22, 2016. Retrieved July 21, 2016.
  220. "7,100 Cities From 119 Countries Join Together in Historic Collaboration to Accelerate Climate Action". EcoWatch. June 23, 2016. Retrieved July 21, 2016.
  221. Scruggs, Greg. "Local-governments day announced for Paris climate summit". citiscope.org. Archived from the original on December 11, 2015. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
  222. Stothard, Michael (December 4, 2015). "Mayors call for more powers to fight climate change". Financial Times. ISSN 0307-1766. Retrieved March 17, 2016.
  223. Section, United Nations News Service (December 4, 2015). "COP21 in Paris, mayors and celebrities join UN launch of report on boosting investment towards climate smart cities". UN News Service Section. Retrieved March 17, 2016.
  224. "Extending local-level climate action beyond '30-ring circus' of COP 21". citiscope.org. Archived from the original on March 23, 2016. Retrieved March 17, 2016.
  225. Scruggs, Greg (December 5, 2015). "With Paris City Hall Declaration, world mayors throw down gauntlet on climate". citiscope.org. Archived from the original on March 23, 2016. Retrieved March 17, 2016.
  226. Elliott, Larry (December 4, 2015). "Michael Bloomberg to head global taskforce on climate change". The Guardian.
  227. "Bloomberg delivers U.S. pledge to continue Paris climate goals to U.N." Reuters. June 5, 2017. Retrieved August 18, 2017.
  228. Chappell, Bill. "Bloomberg Promises $15 Million To Help Make Up For U.S. Withdrawal From Climate Deal". NPR. Retrieved August 18, 2017.
  229. Tabuchi, Hiroko; Fountain, Henry (June 1, 2017). "Bucking Trump, These Cities, States and Companies Commit to Paris Accord". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 18, 2017.
  230. "America's Pledge on Climate Change". Americas Pledge On Climate. Retrieved August 18, 2017.
  231. Cam, Deniz. "Michael Bloomberg and California Governor Jerry Brown Pledge To Fight Climate Change". Forbes. Retrieved August 18, 2017.
  232. Perkins, Madeleine Sheehan (July 12, 2017). "The governor of California and Michael Bloomberg launched a new plan to fight climate change — with or without Trump". Business Insider. Retrieved August 18, 2017.
  233. Tabuchi, Hiroko; Friedman, Lisa (July 11, 2017). "U.S. Cities, States and Businesses Pledge to Measure Emissions". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 18, 2017.
  234. Cochran, Lee; Ebsworth-Goold, Erika (May 16, 2019). "Michael Bloomberg Announces Midwestern Collegiate Climate Summit". Bloomberg Philanthropies (Press release). Retrieved August 12, 2019.
  235. Chen, Eli (May 16, 2019). "Wash U Becomes Hub Of Midwest Summit To Fight Climate Change". KWMU. Retrieved August 12, 2019.
  236. "Michael Bloomberg announces St. Louis climate conference". Associated Press. May 17, 2019. Retrieved July 22, 2019.
  237. Anderson, Nick (November 18, 2018). "Bloomberg gives Johns Hopkins a record $1.8 billion for student financial aid". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 18, 2018.
  238. Barbaro, Michael (January 27, 2013). "$1.1 Billion in Thanks From Bloomberg to Johns Hopkins". The New York Times.
  239. O'Shea, Dennis; Reeves, Tracey (January 26, 2013). "Michael R. Bloomberg Commits $350 Million to Johns Hopkins for Transformational Academic Initiative 2013" (Press release).
  240. Winslow, Ron (September 15, 2016). "Michael Bloomberg Gives $300 Million to Johns Hopkins for Public-Health Effort". The Wall Street Journal.
  241. Lorenzetti, Laura (March 29, 2016). "Bloomberg and Kimmel Help Launch Johns Hopkins Cancer Center With Major Donations". Fortune.
  242. Baram, Marcus (March 29, 2016). "Mike Bloomberg and others donate $125 million for breakthrough cancer research". FastCo News. Retrieved April 15, 2016.
  243. Simpson, Ian (March 29, 2016). "Bloomberg, others give $125 million for immunotherapy cancer research". Reuters. Retrieved April 15, 2016.
  244. "Johns Hopkins launches cancer research center with $125 million from Bloomberg, Kimmel, others". The Hub. March 29, 2016. Retrieved April 15, 2016.
  245. Seltzer, Rick (December 13, 2016). "Effort launches to boost low-income enrollment at top colleges". www.insidehighered.com. Retrieved August 7, 2020.
  246. "What's the Biggest Challenge for Colleges and Universities?". The New York Times. June 5, 2018. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 7, 2020.
  247. Anderson, Nick (March 27, 2018). "Invisible no more: How advising programs are finding new talent for top colleges". The Washington Post. Retrieved August 7, 2020.
  248. Barone, Joshua (October 18, 2016). "Michael Bloomberg Gives $50 Million to Museum of Science, Boston". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 4, 2016.
  249. Schwartz, Penny (October 19, 2016). "Michael Bloomberg Donates $50M to Boston Museum of Science". The Forward. Retrieved November 4, 2016.
  250. Leung, Shirley (October 18, 2016). "Museum of Science changed Michael Bloomberg's life. He gives back with a $50 million gift". BostonGlobe.com. Retrieved October 18, 2016.
  251. "Thank you, Michael Bloomberg". Museum of Science, Boston.
  252. Harris, Elizabeth A. (June 16, 2015). "Bloomberg Philanthropies Gives $100 Million to Cornell Tech". The New York Times.
  253. "Bloomberg Endows Professorship for Five Faculties". The Harvard University Gazette. September 19, 1996. Archived from the original on May 26, 2013. Retrieved August 9, 2012.
  254. "Mayor's Innovation Delivery Team to funnel grant for inner-city revival". The Commercial Appeal. Memphis, TN. January 6, 2012.
  255. Weber, Harrison (December 8, 2011). "SeatGeek and Bloomberg to support 30 treasured arts groups in NYC". The Next Web. Retrieved February 18, 2020.
  256. Sullivan, Paul (April 25, 2014). "Private Citizen Bloomberg on Philanthropy". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 7, 2020.
  257. Shueh, Jason (January 20, 2016). "Bloomberg Philanthropies Launches $9 Million Mayors Challenge in Latin America, Caribbean". www.govtech.com. Retrieved August 7, 2020.
  258. Nick Anderson (August 25, 2016). "Bloomberg gives Harvard $32 million to teach mayors and aides". The Washington Post.
  259. "About the Initiative: Harvard + Bloomberg + 240 Cities". Bloomberg Harvard City Leadership Initiative, Harvard University.
  260. "Bloomberg Philanthropies and Harvard University Launch Bloomberg Harvard City Leadership Initiative". Harvard Business School (Press release). Retrieved September 27, 2016.
  261. Beck, Christina (August 25, 2016). "$32 million Bloomberg-Harvard 'mayor school' supports leaders' changing role". Christian Science Monitor. ISSN 0882-7729. Retrieved September 27, 2016.
  262. Begley, Sharon (March 22, 2012). "Bloomberg charity adds $220 million to anti-smoking effort". Reuters. Retrieved February 18, 2020.
  263. Ariana Eunjung Cha (December 5, 2016). "Michael Bloomberg may be Big Tobacco's biggest enemy". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 6, 2016.
  264. "Michael Bloomberg". Forbes. September 2016. Retrieved February 5, 2016.
  265. Scherer, Michael (January 27, 2020). "Gun-control group co-founded by Bloomberg announces $60 million spending plan for 2020 elections". The Washington Post.
  266. Lindmeier, Christian (August 17, 2016). "Michael R. Bloomberg Becomes WHO Global Ambassador for Noncommunicable Diseases". World Health Organization (Press release). Retrieved September 27, 2016.
  267. "Michael Bloomberg Joins U.N. Agency as Health Ambassador". Chronicle of Philanthropy. August 18, 2016.
  268. Kelland, Kate (August 17, 2016). "WHO appoints former NY mayor Bloomberg as global health ambassador". Reuters. Retrieved February 20, 2020.
  269. "A $1.2 million grant helped turn outdoor areas in NYC into play spaces for kids". Time Out New York Kids. Retrieved August 24, 2020.
  270. "Summer Spaces to Provide Free and Safe Outdoor Programming to NYC Kids". www.nymetroparents.com. Retrieved August 24, 2020.
  271. "Michael Bloomberg donates $3M toward new library in his Mass. hometown". www.boston.com. Retrieved August 24, 2020.
  272. Kim, Jeanhee (May 25, 2017). "The Shed at Hudson Yards event is like a Bloomberg-era reunion". Crain's New York Business. Retrieved August 9, 2017.
  273. "Michael R. Bloomberg Donates $75 Million to New NYC Arts Center, The Shed". Playbill. May 24, 2017. Retrieved August 9, 2017.
  274. Pogrebin, Robin (May 24, 2017). "Michael Bloomberg Gives $75 Million to Shed Arts Center". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 9, 2017.
  275. "Bloomberg — America's first Jewish president?". Associated Press. July 6, 2007. Retrieved February 18, 2020 – via NBC News.
  276. Goldmacher, Shane (September 19, 2017). "As the Clintons Step Back From Global Stage, Bloomberg Steps Up". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 18, 2017.
  277. Smith, Ben (September 19, 2017). "The US Government-In-Exile Has A New President". BuzzFeed. Retrieved October 18, 2017.
  278. Stewart, Emily (September 20, 2017). "Bloomberg Claps Back at Trump at Inaugural Business Forum". TheStreet. Retrieved October 18, 2017.
  279. https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/billionaire-club-in-bid-to-curb-overpopulation-d2fl22qhl02
  280. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/may/31/new-york-billionaire-philanthropists
  281. Bloom, Nate (July 5, 2011). "Interfaith Celebrities: a Former Geek, the Equestrian Author, and an Aboriginal Jewish Doctor". Interfaith Family.
  282. Barbaro, Michael (June 3, 2010). "A Mayor by Her Side, but Politics Woos Her, Too". The New York Times. Retrieved September 1, 2011.
  283. Evans, Heidi (December 1, 2007). "Mayor Bloomberg's girlfriend Diana Taylor says no need for police escort". Daily News. New York. Retrieved September 1, 2011.
  284. Cardwell, Diane (February 12, 2006). "The Mayor's Lady, Her Own Woman, One and the Same". The New York Times.
  285. "Commissioner Marjorie B. Tiven, Office of the Mayor, Commission for the United Nations Consular Corps & Protocol". Nyc.gov. February 16, 2011. Archived from the original on November 26, 2013. Retrieved April 20, 2014.
  286. Eden, Ami (August 31, 2010). "'Focus' on Bloomberg's Jewishness". Jewish Telegraph Agency. Retrieved August 19, 2017. The mayor had a bar mitzvah, a Jewish rite of passage, but neither of his two daughters had bat mitzvahs. The mayor's ex-wife, Susan Bloomberg, whose mother was Jewish, "kind of raised us to be Church of England", though the family celebrated the major Jewish holidays, the mayor's youngest daughter, Georgina, said in a 2009 biography of her father. The mayor's longtime companion, Diana Taylor, is not Jewish.
  287. Relman, Eliza (November 14, 2019). "Michael Bloomberg's past comments about women and rape will likely haunt him on the 2020 campaign trail". Business Insider. Retrieved November 14, 2019.
  288. In a 1996 interview with The Guardian about being a newly-divorced bachelor, Bloomberg said, "I like theater, dining and chasing women. Let me put it this way: I am a single, straight billionaire in Manhattan. What do you think? It's a wet dream."Kranish, Michael (February 15, 2020). "Mike Bloomberg for years has battled women's allegations of profane, sexist comments". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 17, 2020.
  289. Smith, Chris (September 26, 2005). "The Mayor and His Money". New York. Retrieved February 18, 2020.
  290. Rubinstein, Dana (May 23, 2013). "Bloomberg grows his Hamptons estate, reveals overseas bank accounts". Politico. Retrieved February 20, 2020.
  291. "Bloomberg Buys Southampton 'Ballyshear Estate' For $20 Million". The Huffington Post. July 20, 2011. Retrieved July 29, 2015.
  292. "Michael Bloomberg buys £16m house in exclusive London street". The Guardian. July 28, 2015. Retrieved July 29, 2015.
  293. Barbaro, Michael (April 25, 2010). "New York's Mayor, but Bermuda Shares Custody". The New York Times. Retrieved January 20, 2018.
  294. "Bloomberg's Bermuda". The New York Times. August 22, 2015. Retrieved January 20, 2018.
  295. Grynbaum, Michael M. (August 1, 2007). "Mayor Takes the Subway — by Way of S.U.V.". The New York Times.
  296. "Three cheers for the No. 7 extension". New York Post. December 20, 2013.
  297. "Mayor Bloomberg gets ride on No. 7 subway line extension he championed". Daily News. New York. October 21, 2013. Retrieved December 22, 2013.
  298. "Michael Bloomberg". IMDb. Retrieved February 12, 2020.
  299. "Airspace Above Hudson a Highway With Few Signs". The New York Times. August 10, 2009.
  300. Sherman, Jake; Palmer, Anna; Ross, Garrett; Okun, Eli (February 19, 2020). "Politico Playbook PM: Exodus at the Pentagon". politico.com. Retrieved February 22, 2020.
  301. Haughney, Christine (April 12, 2012). "In His Helicopter, Bloomberg Can Rule Skies, and Even Get to Albany". The New York Times. Retrieved April 17, 2012.
  302. Bloomberg, Michael (April 6, 2012). "New York City's Mayor is a Geek at Heart". Sciencefriday.com. Archived from the original on April 25, 2014. Retrieved April 20, 2014.
  303. "Commencement Address: New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg". Tufts University. May 20, 2007. Archived from the original on May 13, 2012.
  304. "Bard Commencement Address". Bard College. May 26, 2007. Archived from the original on October 27, 2012.
  305. Talley Henning Brown (July 13, 2007). "Bloomberg, Wilson receive honorary degrees". Rockefeller University.
  306. Wang, Kathy (February 19, 2008). "Bloomberg to address graduates". The Daily Pennsylvanian.
  307. "Past Honorary Degree Recipients". Fordham University. Retrieved January 20, 2018.
  308. "Mayor Michael Bloomberg's Commencement Remarks". Fordham University. May 16, 2009. Archived from the original on December 3, 2013.
  309. "Michael R. Bloomberg, Commencement Speaker". williams.edu. June 9, 2014. Retrieved February 18, 2020.
  310. Lemoine, Noelle (March 19, 2014). "Williams College Announces its 2014 Honorary Degree Recipients". Williams College.
  311. Reuell, Peter (October 18, 2010). "Eight to receive honorary degrees". Harvard Gazette. Retrieved September 17, 2015.
  312. James Iseler (April 30, 2016). "Commencement speaker Bloomberg calls out intolerance, demagoguery". The University Record. University of Michigan.
  313. "Michael R. Bloomberg, Founder of Bloomberg L.P., Philanthropist and Three-Term Mayor of New York City, to Deliver Villanova University's 2017 Commencement Address | Villanova University". www1.villanova.edu.
  314. "Seven to receive honorary degrees at Washington University's 158th Commencement". The Source. Washington University in St. Louis. May 3, 2019. Retrieved July 22, 2019.
  315. Cahir, Ian (May 29, 2011). "Bloomberg urges seniors to follow a path of service". princeton.edu. Retrieved February 18, 2020.
  316. Michael Bloomberg (May 27, 2010). "Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg Delivers Remarks At The Johns Hopkins University 2010 Commencement Ceremony". The Official Website of the City of New York. Retrieved June 25, 2020.
  317. Hub staff report (May 21, 2020). "Senior class president Pavan Patel said the Class of 2020 is "ready to make its mark"". Johns Hopkins University. Retrieved June 25, 2020.
  318. "Yale School of Management Honors Michael R. Bloomberg for Distinguished Leadership in Global Capital Markets". Yale University. February 10, 2003. Archived from the original on May 14, 2013.
  319. "Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement". www.achievement.org. American Academy of Achievement.
  320. "2004 Summit Highlights Photo: Former Prime Minister of Israel Ehud Barak presents the American Academy of Achievement's Golden Plate Award to Michael R. Bloomberg, Founder and CEO of Bloomberg L.P. during a ceremony held at Chicago's Field Museum". American Academy of Achievement.
  321. "Past Speakers and Medalists". Barnard College. Archived from the original on April 18, 2011. Retrieved April 20, 2014.
  322. "Top Policy Groups Take Action to Create Healthy Communities, Prevent Childhood Obesity". redorbit.com (Press release). April 30, 2009. Archived from the original on May 25, 2013.
  323. "Past Award Recipients: Our National Winners". JeffersonAwards.org. Retrieved February 19, 2020.
  324. Fitzsimmons, Emma G. (October 20, 2013). "Bloomberg Is First to Receive a $1 Million Jewish Award". The New York Times.
  325. Cohen, Gabriel (May 22, 2014). "Bloomberg to give away $1m. Genesis Prize to fund big ideas based on Jewish values". The Times of Israel. JTA. Retrieved February 20, 2020.
  326. Kennedy, Robert F., Jr. (April 30, 2009). "The 2008 TIME 100". Time. Archived from the original on August 22, 2013.
  327. Deutschman, Alan; Newcomb, Peter; Siklos, Richard; McDonald, Duff; Flint, Jessica; Gaffney, Adrienne (September 1, 2010). "The Vanity Fair 100". vanityfair.com.
  328. Flegenheimer, Matt (October 7, 2014). "Bloomberg Is Honored (But Don't Call Him Sir)". The New York Times (56, 647). ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 7, 2014.
  329. Michael R. Bloomberg, Bloomberg by Bloomberg (Wiley, 1997).
  330. Ben Fountain, Book Review: O Billionaires!, New Yorker (May 23, 2019).
  331. Aaron Timms, Michael Bloomberg Earned $48 Billion and Eternal Adoration From Wall Street. But Does Anyone Else Want Him to Be President?, Institutional Investor (February 1, 2019).
  332. "An Exclusive Look at Michael Bloomberg and Carl Pope's Book on Climate Change". Daily Intelligencer. December 21, 2016. Retrieved December 23, 2016.
  333. "Hardcover Nonfiction Books – Best Sellers". The New York Times. May 14, 2017. Retrieved August 9, 2017.
  334. Michael R. Bloomberg, Climate Progress, With or Without Trump, New York Times (March 31, 2017).
  335. Michael R. Bloomberg, Michael Bloomberg: Why I’m Giving $1.8 Billion for College Financial Aid, New York Times (November 18, 2018).
  336. Michael R. Bloomberg & Matt Myers, Ban Flavored E-Cigarettes to Protect Our Children, New York Times (September 10, 2019).
  337. Michael R. Bloomberg, Fixing Inequality Is My Priority, New York Times (February 6, 2020).

Further reading
Business positions
New office Chief Executive Officer of Bloomberg L.P.
1981–2001		 Succeeded by
Lex Fenwick
Preceded by
Daniel L. Doctoroff		 Chief Executive Officer of Bloomberg L.P.
2014–present		 Incumbent
Party political offices
Preceded by
Rudy Giuliani		 Republican nominee for Mayor of New York City
2001, 2005, 2009 (Endorsed)		 Succeeded by
Joe Lhota
Political offices
Preceded by
Rudy Giuliani		 Mayor of New York City
2002–2013		 Succeeded by
Bill de Blasio
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.