National symbols of India

The Republic of India has several official national symbols including a historical document, a flag, an emblem, an anthem, a memorial tower as well as several national heroes. All the symbols were picked up at various times. The design of the national flag was officially adopted by the Constituent Assembly just before independence, on the 22nd of July in 1947.[1] There are also several other symbols including the national animal, bird, fruit and tree.[2]

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List of National and Official symbols of India
Symbol Name Image References
Official name Republic of India Hindi: भारत गणराज्य ("Bhārat Gaṇarājya") #StayAtHome
National Flag Tiranga A horizontal rectangular tricolour with equally sized deep saffron at the top, white in the middle and India green at the bottom. In the center is a navy blue wheel with twenty-four spokes, known as the Ashoka Chakra. The flag is based on the Swaraj flag designed by Pingali Venkayya.[1]
National emblem & National motto State Emblem of India ("Lion Capital of Ashoka") Satyameva Jayate Sanskrit: सत्यमेव जयते ("Truth Alone Triumphs") An adaptation of Lion Capital of Ashoka at Sarnath was adopted as the National Emblem of India on 26 January 1950, the day India became a republic. Forming an integral part of the emblem is the motto inscribed below the abacus in Devanagari script: "Satyameva Jayate" (English: Truth Alone Triumphs), a quote taken from Mundaka Upanishad, the concluding part of the sacred Hindu Vedas.[3]
National anthem Jana Gana Mana ("Thou Art the Ruler of the Minds of All People") Jana Gana Mana is the national anthem of India. It was originally composed as Bharoto Bhagyo Bidhata in Bengali by polymath Rabindranath Tagore. The first stanza of the song Bharoto Bhagyo Bidhata was adopted by the Constituent Assembly of India as the National Anthem on 24 January 1950.
National song Vande Mataram ("I bow to thee, O Mother!") Vande Mataram is a Sanskrit poem written by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee which he included in his 1882 Bengali novel Anandamath. The poem was first sung by Rabindranath Tagore at the 1896 session of the Indian National Congress. The first two verses of the song were adopted as the National Song of India On 24 January 1950 by the Constituent Assembly of India.
National days Independence Day, Republic Day, Gandhi Jayanti 26 January Republic Day, adoption of the Constitution of India in 1950 15 August Independence from the British Empire in 1947 2 October Gandhi Jayanti, birth anniversary of Father of the Nation
Oath of Allegiance National Pledge It was written in Telugu by Pydimarri Venkata Subba Rao in 1962. Central Advisory Board on Education directed that the pledge to be sung in Schools and that this practice to be introduced by 26 January 1965.[4] It is commonly recited by Indians in unison at public events, especially in schools, and during the Independence Day and Republic Day celebrations.
National currency Indian rupee ("₹, INR") Indian rupee (ISO code: INR) is the official currency of the Republic of India. The issuance of the currency is controlled by the Reserve Bank of India. The Indian rupee symbol is derived from the Devanagari consonant "र" (ra) and the Latin letter "R" was adopted in 2010. According to Udaya Kumar, its designer, the design is based on the Indian tricolour.
National calendar Indian national calendar The Indian national calendar, sometimes called the Shalivahana Shaka calendar. It is used, alongside the Gregorian calendar, by The Gazette of India, in news broadcasts by All India Radio and in calendars and communications issued by the Government of India.
National cockade Indian cockade A cockade is a knot of ribbons, or other circular- or oval-shaped symbol of distinctive colours which is usually worn on a hat.
National animal Bengal tiger The Bengal tiger is a tiger from a specific population of the Panthera tigris tigris subspecies that is native to the Indian subcontinent.
National heritage animal Indian elephant Indian elephant is the national heritage animal of India since October 22, 2010. India's Environment Ministry has declared the elephant a National Heritage Animal in order to increase protective measures for the country's nearly 29,000 elephants."Declaring it the National Heritage Animal will give it due place as emblem of ecological sensitivity. It will also mark recognition for its centrality in our plural cultures, traditions and oral lore," the task force wrote in its report.[5]
National aquatic animal South Asian river dolphin The South Asian river dolphin (Platanista gangetica) is an endangered freshwater or river dolphin found in the region of Indian subcontinent, which is split into two subspecies, the Ganges river dolphin and the Indus river dolphin. The Ganges river dolphin is primarily found in the Ganges and Brahmaputra Rivers and their tributaries in India, Bangladesh, and Nepal, while the Indus river dolphin is now found only in the main channel of the Indus River in Pakistan and River Beas (a tributary of the Indus) in Punjab in India.The Ganges river dolphin has been recognized by the government of India as its National Aquatic Animal
National reptile King cobra King cobra is the national reptile of India. It is considered a sacred animal in Indian culture.
National bird Indian peacock Indian peacock (Pavo cristatus) is designated as the national bird of India. A bird indigenous to the subcontinent, the peacock represents the unity of vivid colours and finds references in Indian culture.[6] On February 1, 1963, The Government of India had decided to have the Peacock as the national bird of India.
National flower Indian lotus Nelumbo nucifera, also known as Indian lotus, sacred lotus, bean of India, Egyptian bean or simply lotus, is one of two extant species of aquatic plant in the family Nelumbonaceae. It is often colloquially called a water lily. It is the national flower of India and Vietnam.
National tree Indian banyan Indian banyan (Ficus bengalensis) root themselves to form new trees and grow over large areas. Because of this characteristic and its longevity, this tree is considered immortal and is an integral part of the myths and legends of India.[7] As a protest against the British government, Four members from the Namdhari community hanged themselves from a Banyan tree in 1972 and committed suicide.[8]
National fruit Mango Mango (Mangifera indica) originated in India and the country is home to more than 100 varieties of the fruit.[9]
National river Ganges The Ganges is a lifeline to millions who live along its course. It is a sacred river and worshipped as the goddess Ganga in Hinduism. It has been important historically; many former provincial or imperial capitals (such as Prayagraj, Dhaka, Baharampur, Bikrampur, Kampilya, Kannauj, Kara, Kashi, Kolkata, Murshidabad, Munger, Patliputra, and Sonargaon) have been located on its banks.

See also

References
  1. "National Flag". Government of India. Retrieved 3 March 2014.
  2. "National Identity Elements of India". knowindia.gov.in.
  3. "State Emblem". Government of India. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 3 April 2012.
  4. Biswas, Arabinda; Agrawal, S. P. (1 January 1986). Development of education in India: a historical survey of educational documents before and after independence. Concept Publishing Company. p. 140. ISBN 978-81-7022-066-4. Retrieved 27 January 2012.
  5. "India Gives Elephants 'National Heritage Animal' Status". Environment News Service. 22 October 2010. Retrieved 27 October 2018.
  6. "National Bird". Government of India. Archived from the original on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 3 April 2012.
  7. "National Tree". Government of India. Archived from the original on 22 January 2013. Retrieved 3 April 2012.
  8. Gahlot, Indrajit (5 September 2014). "Destination Of The Week : Banyan Tree amritsar". Never Tired of Travelling. Retrieved 31 January 2021.
  9. "National Fruit". Government of India. Archived from the original on 22 January 2013. Retrieved 3 April 2012.
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