Russian Republic

Russian Republic
Российская Республика
Russian Republic; Российская Республика;
	1917[lower-alpha 1]
	Flag Coat of arms
	Anthem: ; Рабочая Марсельеза; Rabochaya Marsel'yeza; "Worker's Marseillaise" Гимн Свободной России; Gimn Svobodnoy Rossii; "Anthem of Free Russia" (unofficial)
	Government Seal:;
Capital	Petrograd
Common languages	Russian
Government	Democratic federal republic
Minister-Chairman
• Sep–Nov 1917	Alexander Kerensky[lower-alpha 2]
Legislature	Provisional Council; (1917); Constituent Assembly[lower-alpha 3]; (1918)
Historical era	World War I/Russian; Revolution
• February Revolution	8–16 March 1917
• Republic proclaimed	14 September 1917
• Bolshevik Coup	7 November 1917
• Constituent Assembly; dissolved	19 January 1918
Currency	Ruble
Preceded by	Succeeded by
	Russian Provisional Government
Russian SFSR
Russian State
Ukraine
Finland
Khiva
Bukhara
Moldavia
Crimea
Belarus
Idel-Ural
Altai
Turkestan
Estonia
Poland

The Russian Republic[lower-alpha 4] was a short-lived state which controlled, de jure, the territory of the former Russian Empire after its proclamation by the Russian Provisional Government on 1 September (14 September, N.S.) 1917 in a decree signed by Alexander Kerensky as Minister-Chairman and Alexander Zarudny as Minister of Justice.[1]

After the seizure of power, the Bolsheviks used the name "Russian Republic" for some time, until the name "Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic" was officially adopted.

In 1918, an unsuccessful attempt was made to revive the Russian Republic under the name "Russian Democratic Federative Republic". This decision was made by the All-Russian Constituent Assembly, which adopted a new constitution, but it was not executed, because the Assembly was dissolved the same day, and the territory of Russia was controlled by the Bolsheviks who proclaimed the RSFSR.

The term "Russian Republic" is sometimes used erroneously for the period between the abdication of the Emperor Nicholas II on 3 March 1917 (16 March, N.S) and the declaration of the Republic in September. However, during that period the future status of the monarchy remained unresolved.

Politics

Officially, the Republic's government was the Provisional Government, although de facto control of the country was contested between it, the soviets (chiefly the Petrograd Soviet), and various ethnic-based separatists (such as the Central Council of Ukraine). Soviets were political organizations of the proletariat, strongest in industrial regions, and were dominated by left-wing parties. Soviets, whose influence was supplemented with paramilitary forces, were occasionally able to rival the Provisional Government which had an ineffective state apparatus.

The Government's control of the military was also tenuous. Seamen of the Baltic Fleet, for example, had far-left views and openly engaged in political activism in the capital. Right-wing proclivities among the army officers were also a problem – Kerensky's attempt to dismiss Gen. Lavr Kornilov led to a failed coup.

Principal institutions

References

The Russian Republic Proclaimed at prlib.ru, accessed 12 June 2017

Notes

Effectively ceased to exist after the Bolshevik Coup of November 1917, formally abolished in 1918.
Served as the prime minister of the provisional government since July.
Dissolved after the very first meeting.
Russian: Российская Республика, tr. Rossiyskaya Respublika, IPA: [rɐˈsʲijskəjə rʲɪsˈpublʲɪkə].

External links

The Russian Republic proclaimed. Presidential Library
Browder, R. P., Kerensky, A. F. The Russian Provisional Government, 1917: Documents. "Stanford University Press". Stanford, 1961. ISBN 9780804700238

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[prlib-5] The Russian Republic Proclaimed at prlib.ru, accessed 12 June 2017

[1] Effectively ceased to exist after the Bolshevik Coup of November 1917, formally abolished in 1918.

[2] Served as the prime minister of the provisional government since July.

[3] Dissolved after the very first meeting.

[4] Russian: Российская Республика, tr. Rossiyskaya Respublika, IPA: [rɐˈsʲijskəjə rʲɪsˈpublʲɪkə].