Vilela language
Vilela (Uakambalelté, Atalalá, Chulupí~Chunupí)[4] is an extinct language last spoken in the Resistencia area of Argentina and in the eastern Chaco near the Paraguayan border. Dialects were Ocol, Chinipi, Sinipi; only Ocol survives. The people call themselves Waqha-umbaβelte 'Waqha speakers'.
| Vilela | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Argentina |
| Extinct | 20 by 1981;[1] gone by 2011[2] |
Lule–Vilela
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | vil |
| Glottolog | vile1241 |
| ELP | Vilela[3] |
The last Vilela people were absorbed into the surrounding Toba people and Spanish-speaking townsfolk.
Dialects
Loukotka (1968) lists the following dialects of Vilela.[5]
- Chunupi - formerly spoken on the confluence of the San Francisco River and Bermejo River in the vicinity of La Encrucijada, Valtolema, Ortega, Esquina Grande and Laguna Colma.
- Pasain - formerly spoken in the vicinity of Macapillo, Argentine Chaco.
- Ocole - formerly spoken between Lacangayá and Laguna Colma.
- Omoampa - formerly spoken from Ortega as far as Miraflores.
- Macomita - once spoken west of the Juramento River, province of Santiago del Estero, Argentina.
- Yecoamita - once spoken northwest of the Teuco River, Formosa province.
- Sinipi - formerly spoken on the Bermejo River in the vicinity of Lacangayá.
Phonology
Vilela appears to have the five vowels /a e i o u/ of Spanish and approximately the following consonants:
| m | n | ||||
| b | d | dʒ | ɡ | ɢ | |
| p | t | tʃ | k | q | ʔ |
| pʼ | tʼ | tʃʼ | kʼ | qʼ | |
| f | s | ʃ | x | h | |
| ɬ | |||||
| w | l | j | |||
| r, ɾ |
Notes
- Vilela language at Ethnologue (16th ed., 2009)
- Vilela at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
- Endangered Languages Project data for Vilela.
- Not to be confused with Niwaklé, which is also called Chulupí~Chunupí.
- Loukotka, Čestmír (1968). Classification of South American Indian Languages. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center. pp. 53.
References
- Lozano, Elena (1970). Textos Vilelas. La Plata: CEILP.
- Lozano, Elena (1977). Cuentos secretos vilelas: I. La mujer tigre. VICUS Cuadernos. Lingüística, Vol.I: 93-116.
- Golluscio, Lucia A. and Raoul Zamponi (2019). El vilela del siglo XVIII. Indiana 36. 43-68, A1-A56.
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