Lule–Vilela languages

The two Lule–Vilela languages constitute a small, distantly related language family of northern Argentina. Kaufman found the relationship likely and with general agreement among the major classifiers of South American languages. Viegas Barros published additional evidence from 1996–2006. However, Zamponi (2008) considers Lule and Vilela each as language isolates, with similarities being due to contact.[1]

Lule–Vilela
Geographic
distribution		northern Argentina
Linguistic classificationOne of the world's primary language families
Subdivisions
GlottologNone

Internal classification

Internal classification of the Lule–Vilela languages by Mason (1950):[2]

Lule–Vilela
  • Lule
    • Great Lule (of Miraflores, of Machoni)
    • Small Lule
      • Isistiné
      • Tokistiné
      • Oristiné
  • Vilela
    • Atalalá
    • Chunupí (Sinipé, Chulupí)
      • Yooc (Yoo, Wamalca)
      • Ocolé
      • Yecoanita
    • Pasain (Pazaine)
    • Omoampa (Umuapa)
    • Vacaa
    • Vilela
    • Ipa
    • Takete
    • Yoconoampa (Yecunampa)
    • Wamalca
    • (Malbalá ?)

Unclassfied languages are Tonocoté, Matará, and Guacará.[2]

Vocabulary

Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items for Lule, Vilela, and Chunupí.[3]

glossLuleVilelaChunupí
one alapea
two tamop
three tamlip
head tokóniskúnniskan
tooth l'úlupé
water tomámaá
fire ikueniénié
sun iniolóoló
moon kopikokpi
star tókxo
tree é
maize pilis
bird peás
dog huan-okol
jaguar ikémikempé
black kirimit

Proto-language

For reconstructions of Proto-Lule-Vilela by Viegas Barros (2006),[4] see the corresponding Spanish article.

References
  1. Zamponi, Raoul. 2008. Sulla fonologia e la rappresentazione ortografica del lule. Arte y vocabulario de la lengua Lule y Tonocoté, ed. by Antonio Maccioni, xxi–lviii. Cagliari: Centro di Studi Filogici Sardi.
  2. Mason, John Alden (1950). "The languages of South America". In Steward, Julian (ed.). Handbook of South American Indians. 6. Washington, D.C., Government Printing Office: Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 143. pp. 157–317.
  3. Loukotka, Čestmír (1968). Classification of South American Indian languages. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center. pp. 63–65.
  4. Viegas Barros, J. Pedro (2006). Proto-Lule-Vilela: Una Reconstrucción Fonológica Preliminar. Comisión “Lenguas Chaqueñas” del 52 Congreso Internacional de Americanistas. Sevilla (España): Universidad de Sevilla. 17-21 de julio de 2006.
  • Viegas Barros, J. P. (2001). "Evidencias del parentesco de las lenguas lule y vilela". Colección Folklore y Antropología, 4. Santa Fe: Subsecretaría de Cultura, Dirección Provincial de Gestión Cultural. pp. 15–21.
  • Adelaar, William F.H.; Pieter C. Muysken (2004). The Languages of the Andes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 385–392. ISBN 0-521-36275-X.
  • Greenberg, Joseph; Ruhlen, Merritt (2007-09-04). An Amerind Etymological Dictionary (PDF) (12 ed.). Stanford: Dept. of Anthropological Sciences Stanford University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-12-25. Retrieved 2008-06-27.
  • Alain Fabre. 2005. Diccionario etnolingüístico y guía bibliográfica de los pueblos indígenas sudamericanos. 'Lule–Vilela'
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