Western Maryland

Western Maryland is the portion of the U.S. state of Maryland that typically consists of Washington, Allegany, and Garrett counties.[1][2] The region is bounded by the Mason-Dixon line to the north, Preston County, West Virginia to the west, and the Potomac River to the south, which at one point, at the town of Hancock the two boundaries are separated by 1.8 miles.

For the railroad, see Western Maryland Railway.
Sideling Hill Road Cut. A man-made mountain pass on Interstate 68/U.S. Route 40 near Hancock, Washington County.

Western Maryland is more rural than the Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area, where most of the state's population lives, and is noted for its mountainous terrain. The area is in the central Appalachians.[3][4] Washington, Allegany, and Garrett counties are part of the Appalachian Regional Commission.

An enlargeable map of the 23 counties and 1 independent city of the State of Maryland

Climate

The climate of Western Maryland is more akin to the mountains of northern West Virginia than to any other part of Maryland. Summers tend to be much cooler than in the rest of the state, and winters harsher. Temperatures in winter drop to below 0 °F (−17.8 °C) on around eight nights per winter, and snowfall averages from 20 inches (0.51 m) farther east to over 120 inches (3.05 m) in the higher elevations. In comparison, Prince George's County, in the eastern part of the Washington, D.C., area, averages only 25 inches (0.64 m) of snow and wintertime maxima exceed 50 °F (10 °C) on a third of all days.

Below is climate data for Hagerstown, the largest city in Western Maryland, located in Washington County, the easternmost and lowest elevation county in Western Maryland.

Climate data for Hagerstown, Maryland (Washington County Airport), 1981−2010 normals
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 78
(26)		 81
(27)		 88
(31)		 95
(35)		 96
(36)		 102
(39)		 107
(42)		 105
(41)		 99
(37)		 93
(34)		 84
(29)		 78
(26)		 107
(42)
Average high °F (°C) 38.3
(3.5)		 41.4
(5.2)		 50.7
(10.4)		 62.9
(17.2)		 72.2
(22.3)		 81.3
(27.4)		 85.2
(29.6)		 83.0
(28.3)		 75.3
(24.1)		 65.1
(18.4)		 53.5
(11.9)		 41.3
(5.2)		 62.6
(17.0)
Average low °F (°C) 23.3
(−4.8)		 25.8
(−3.4)		 32.3
(0.2)		 42.6
(5.9)		 51.8
(11.0)		 61.4
(16.3)		 65.5
(18.6)		 63.6
(17.6)		 56.2
(13.4)		 44.4
(6.9)		 36.3
(2.4)		 26.8
(−2.9)		 44.3
(6.8)
Record low °F (°C) −17
(−27)		 −9
(−23)		 0
(−18)		 18
(−8)		 30
(−1)		 37
(3)		 42
(6)		 40
(4)		 29
(−2)		 18
(−8)		 6
(−14)		 −6
(−21)		 −17
(−27)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 2.68
(68)		 2.55
(65)		 3.38
(86)		 3.56
(90)		 4.03
(102)		 3.88
(99)		 3.41
(87)		 3.14
(80)		 3.67
(93)		 2.88
(73)		 3.22
(82)		 2.89
(73)		 39.29
(998)
Source: NOAA[5]

Below is climate data for Oakland, located in Garrett County, the westernmost and highest elevation county in Western Maryland.[6]

Climate data for Oakland, Maryland (1981−2010 normals, extremes 1893−present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 75
(24)		 76
(24)		 83
(28)		 88
(31)		 89
(32)		 95
(35)		 98
(37)		 101
(38)		 95
(35)		 88
(31)		 78
(26)		 74
(23)		 101
(38)
Average high °F (°C) 34.5
(1.4)		 38.2
(3.4)		 47.6
(8.7)		 59.0
(15.0)		 67.6
(19.8)		 75.3
(24.1)		 78.8
(26.0)		 77.8
(25.4)		 71.4
(21.9)		 61.8
(16.6)		 50.3
(10.2)		 38.9
(3.8)		 58.4
(14.7)
Average low °F (°C) 15.8
(−9.0)		 17.3
(−8.2)		 24.9
(−3.9)		 34.3
(1.3)		 44.5
(6.9)		 53.4
(11.9)		 58.0
(14.4)		 56.1
(13.4)		 48.6
(9.2)		 37.0
(2.8)		 28.3
(−2.1)		 20.7
(−6.3)		 36.6
(2.6)
Record low °F (°C) −40
(−40)		 −29
(−34)		 −20
(−29)		 −2
(−19)		 17
(−8)		 26
(−3)		 33
(1)		 30
(−1)		 19
(−7)		 7
(−14)		 −16
(−27)		 −32
(−36)		 −40
(−40)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 3.54
(90)		 3.20
(81)		 4.13
(105)		 3.87
(98)		 5.14
(131)		 4.42
(112)		 5.46
(139)		 3.78
(96)		 3.45
(88)		 3.15
(80)		 3.83
(97)		 3.85
(98)		 47.82
(1,215)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 30.9
(78)		 22.2
(56)		 17.6
(45)		 5.2
(13)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0.5
(1.3)		 6.8
(17)		 22.9
(58)		 106.1
(268.3)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 15.5 11.9 13.6 13.7 15.0 13.5 13.0 11.3 10.9 10.7 12.4 15.1 156.6
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) 10.2 7.9 5.6 2.0 0 0 0 0 0 0.4 2.6 7.9 36.5
Source: NOAA[7]

History

In 1748, the Western Maryland population was finally large enough to create a new county called Frederick County; at the time, the county stretched further west than it does today. In the earliest part of the colonial days, German immigrants that came from Pennsylvania had the most influence on the development of the plains and valleys of Western Maryland.[8]

Named for George Washington, Washington County was founded in 1776, by division of Frederick County. The largest city in this county is Hagerstown. It was named after Jonathan Hager, a German settler.[9]

In 1785, the city of Cumberland, which is in Allegany County, was established. The County was the home for many pioneers, when they would travel through the Cumberland Narrows, a 1,000 foot high gap. This gap forms the main pass through the Allegheny Mountains to the west. In the mid-18th century, English settlers came to the county and began to mine and create towns and farms. This county was important for transportation for many travelers heading west. They would pass through by many forms of transportation, including canal, train, and horse and buggy.[9]

The westernmost county in the state, Garrett County, was the last part of Maryland to be settled in 1764. The county was founded in 1872 by John Work Garrett, the B&O Railroad president.[9]

Appalachian development

The Appalachian Regional Development Act was created and passed in 1965 in an effort to correct the poverty issue, and the growing economic problems in the Appalachian region (13 States). According to the State of Maryland Appalachian Development Plan,[10] the Act was passed because: (1) One in every three Appalachians lived in poverty; (2) Per capita income was 23% less than the US average; and (3) High unemployment and harsh living conditions had, in the 1950s, forced more than 2 million Appalachian people to leave their homes and seek work in other regions.

For the state of Maryland, this act was intended to bring awareness to the poverty levels of the Western Maryland counties. The program that was developed for this act was called the Appalachian Regional Commission (ARC). The main goal of the ARC was to improve the development of the economy, and bring this region into socioeconomic parity with the rest of the nation.

County population
See also: Maryland statistical areas

According to the 2010 U.S. Census,[11] the three westernmost counties of Maryland have a population of 252,614, accounting for 4.4% of the population of Maryland.

The most populated county is Washington County, which is home to approximately 147,430 people. Allegany County is the next most populated county with 75,087 people, while Garrett County is the smallest with 30,097 people.

The statistical areas and counties of Western Maryland
Core Based Statistical Area 2010 Census County 2010 Census
Hagerstown-Martinsburg, MD-WV MSA 269,140
147,430		 Washington County, Maryland 147,430
Berkeley County, West Virginia 104,169
Morgan County, West Virginia 17,541
Cumberland, MD-WV MSA 103,299
75,087		 Allegany County, Maryland 75,087
Mineral County, West Virginia 28,212
none Garrett County, Maryland 30,097

Major communities

The following are some of the major cities in Western Maryland by county, in descending order of population, along with the city population of the 2010 census.

Washington County:

Allegany County:

Garrett County:

Economy

Western Maryland has a heavily agricultural economy. Its best-known crops are the apples grown in the Cumberland Valley, but corn, potatoes, beans, and varieties of green-leaf vegetables are grown as well. Mixed crop and livestock farms are common, and the region has a large number of dairy cattle farms.

Tourism
See also: Western Maryland Scenic Railroad

Tourism is very important to Western Maryland. There is a thriving tourist industry, and has been noted as having "potential for significant growth."[12]

Western Maryland has a number of sites with significance for military history, particularly the Civil War. In 1862, Washington County was home to one of the Civil War's bloodiest single-day battles at Antietam National Battlefield.

Western Maryland, particularly Cumberland, is also home to transportation themed tourism. The Downtown Cumberland Historic District is a National Register Historic District, and Cumberland's Western Maryland Railway Station is a popular site.

Garrett County is also well known for its numerous state parks and outdoor activities. Places such as Deep Creek Lake in Garrett County are frequented by many visitors every year. The largest lake in Western Maryland is Deep Creek Lake in Garrett County. The 4,000 acre body of water is owned by the State of Maryland and is man made. Construction began in 1920 and the lake was filled by 1929. It was originally made to power a small scale hydroelectric plant, but was eventually turned into a tourist destination. The lake is currently managed for boating and fishing, although it still provides some water to generate electricity. The Deep Creek Lake State Park offers fishing piers, beach and swim area, covered pavilions, and opportunities for camping.[13]

Maryland's only ski resort, Wisp Ski Resort, is located in Garrett County near Oakland. Wisp Ski Resort is a huge tourism spot in Western Maryland as it is the only 4 season ski, golf, and recreational destination resort. This resort is approximately 172 acres which includes a mountain coaster, cross country skiing, snowmobiling, and more.[14]

Sports

Sports teams in Western Maryland include the following:

Team name Sport Competition Stadium/Field
Hagerstown SunsBaseball(Class A) South AtlanticMunicipal Stadium
Frostburg State Bobcats(multiple)NCAA Division II (Mountain East)

Garrett County along the Savage River has played host to two ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships in 1989 and 2014.

Education

Colleges in Western Maryland include:

Potential state
See also: List of U.S. state partition proposals

In 2014, it was reported that some residents want the region to form a new state, which would include Garrett, Allegany, Washington, Frederick, and Carroll counties.[15] Local supporters of partitioning western Maryland (dubbed "the Western Maryland Initiative") cited a perception of political domination by the more populous eastern portion of the state, particularly with reference to such issues as gun control, taxation, and same-sex marriage.[16]

See also

Notes
  1. "Maryland Regions". Visit Maryland. Retrieved 21 January 2014.
  2. "Western Maryland American Job Centers". Maryland Department of Labor, Licensing, and Regulation. Retrieved 26 January 2018.
  3. Hazen, Kirk (2000). "The Appalachian Language Bibliography". Retrieved 2007-12-08.
  4. Hogg, Richard M.; Denison, David (2006). A History of the English Language. Cambridge University Press. pp. 386–387. ISBN 0-521-66227-3. Retrieved 2007-12-08.
  5. "Station Name: MD HAGERSTOWN WASHINGTON CO AP". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2013-02-28.
  6. "The Snowiest Place in Each State". Retrieved 2015-01-24.
  7. "NowData - NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2014-02-02.
  8. Scharf, J. Thomas. History of Western Maryland. Philadelphia : L. H. Everts. pp. 59–61. Retrieved 30 July 2014.
  9. "Maryland Regions". Visit Maryland. Retrieved 9 August 2014.
  10. "State of Maryland Appalachian Development Plan" (PDF). Retrieved 11 August 2014.
  12. "Western Maryland Overview of Regional Trends and Issues" (PDF). Retrieved 9 August 2014.
  13. "Deep Creek Lake". Maryland.gov. Retrieved 10 August 2014.
  14. "Wisp Resort". www.wispresort.com.
  15. "Some Western Maryland Residents Want To Form Their Own State". Retrieved 2014-02-11.
  16. "Western Maryland secessionists seek to sever ties with the liberal Free State", The Washington Post, by Michael S. Rosenwald (September 8th, 2013; retrieved on November 12th, 2014).

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