ASMO 449

ASMO 449 is a 7-bit coded character set to encode the Arabic language.

ASMO 449
Alias(es)iso-ir-89
StandardASMO 449, ISO 9036
Classification7-bit encoding, non-Latin ISO 646 modification with natural letter ordering
Succeeded byASMO 708 (ISO-8859-6)

History

This character set was devised by the now extinct[1] Arab Standardization and Metrology Organization in 1982[1] to be the 7-bit standard to be used in Arabic-speaking countries. The design of this character set is derived[2] from the 7-bit ISO 646 (version of 1973) but with modifications suited for the Arabic language. In code points ranging from 0x41 to 0x72 (hexadecimal), Latin letters were replaced with Arabic letters. Punctuation marks which were identical in the Latin and Arabic scripts remained the same, but where they differed (comma, semicolon, question mark), the Latin ones were replaced by Arabic ones. Only nominal letters are encoded, no preshaped forms of the letters, so shaping processing is required for display. This character set is not bidirectional and was intended to be used in right to left writing. Therefore, symmetrical punctuation marks ("(", ")", "<", ">", "[", "]", "{" and "}") appears as reversed (")", "(", ">", "<", "]", "[", "}" and "{").

ASMO 449 was registered in the International Register of Coded Character Sets as IR 089[2] in 1985 and approved as an ISO standard as ISO 9036[3] in 1987.

Character set

ASMO 449 (1982)
_0 _1 _2 _3 _4 _5 _6 _7 _8 _9 _A _B _C _D _E _F
0_
0
NUL
0000
SOH
0001
STX
0002
ETX
0003
EOT
0004
ENQ
0005
ACK
0006
BEL
0007
BS
0008
HT
0009
LF
000A
VT
000B
FF
000C
CR
000D
SO
000E
SI
000F
1_
16
DLE
0010
DC1
0011
DC2
0012
DC3
0013
DC4
0014
NAK
0015
SYN
0016
ETB
0017
CAN
0018
EM
0019
SUB
001A
ESC
001B
FS
001C
GS
001D
RS
001E
US
001F
2_
32
SP
0020
!
0021
"
0022
#
0023
¤
00A4
%
0025
&
0026
'
0027
)
0029
(
0028
*
002A
+
002B
،
060C
-
002D
.
002E
/
002F
3_
48
0
0030
1
0031
2
0032
3
0033
4
0034
5
0035
6
0036
7
0037
8
0038
9
0039
:
003A
؛
061B
>
003E
=
003D
<
003C
؟
061F
4_
64
@
0040
ء
0621
آ
0622
أ
0623
ؤ
0624
إ
0625
ئ
0626
ا
0627
ب
0628
ة
0629
ت
062A
ث
062B
ج
062C
ح
062D
خ
062E
د
062F
5_
80
ذ
0630
ر
0631
ز
0632
س
0633
ش
0634
ص
0635
ض
0636
ط
0637
ظ
0638
ع
0639
غ
063A
]
005D
\
005C
[
005B
^
005E
_
005F
6_
96
ـ
0640
ف
0641
ق
0642
ك
0643
ل
0644
م
0645
ن
0646
ه
0647
و
0648
ى
0649
ي
064A
ً
064B
ٌ
064C
ٍ
064D
َ
064E
ُ
064F
7_
112
ِ
0650
ّ
0651
ْ
0652
}
007D
|
007C
{
007B
~
007E
DEL
007F

  Letter  Number  Punctuation  Symbol  Other  Undefined

There is a variant, sometimes named ASMO 449+[4] which adds the characters NBSP in 0x75, "ﹳ" in 0x76, "لآ" in 0x77, "لأ" in 0x78, "لإ" in 0x79 and "لا" in 0x7A.

Relationship with other character sets

ASMO 449 is a 7-bit character set. Although some encodings allocate this 7-bit character set in the upper part of the 8-bit character set, it should not be confused with ASMO 708. In the character sets that allocate ASMO 449 (or some variant of it) in the upper part of the 8-bit character set, the existence of apparently repeated characters is due to the fact that the characters in the lower part are for left-to-right script while the characters in the upper part are for right-to-left script. When ASMO 449 (or some variant of it) is allocated to the upper part of the 8-bit character set, it has Arabic digits.

  • Al-Arabi[4] adds the characters NBS in 0xF5, "-" in 0xF6, "÷" in 0xF7, "×" in 0xF8, "«" in 0xF9 and "»" in 0xFA, and replaces "ـ" with "`"; this character set is sometimes referred as Code Page 768 (not an official IBM code page).
  • DEC's DEC/8/ASMO[4] has the same repertoire and the same sequence of Arabic characters but dislocates them.
  • HP's Arabic-8[4] is also based on ASMO 449;
  • Apple's MacArabic adds French, German and Spanish characters in their typical code points from MacRoman, and adds letters for Persian and Urdu.
  • Apple's MacFarsi replaces the Arabic digits from MacArabic with Persian ones.
  • The Code Table 7[5] from MARC-8 allocates ASMO 449 in the lower part of the 8-bit character set and allocates the upper part with the Arabic Extension (ISO 11822 / IR 224).
  • Microsoft's Code page 709,[4] for MS-DOS, adds French and German characters in their typical code points from code page 437.

References

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