Mac OS Roman

Mac OS Roman is a character encoding primarily used by the classic Mac OS to represent text. It encodes 256 characters, the first 128 of which are identical to ASCII, with the remaining characters including mathematical symbols, diacritics, and additional punctuation marks. It is suitable for English and several other Western languages. Mac OS Roman is a superset of the original Macintosh character set, used in System 1.

Mac OS Roman
MIME / IANAmacintosh
Alias(es)mac, MacRoman, x-mac-roman
Language(s)English, various others
ClassificationExtended ASCII, Mac OS script
ExtendsASCII

The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority identifies this encoding using the string "macintosh". The MIME Content-Type for this encoding is therefore "text/plain; charset=macintosh". Mac OS Roman is also referred to as MacRoman or the Apple Standard Roman character set. The Microsoft Windows code page number is 10000. IBM uses code page/CCSID 1275.[1][2][3][4]

Characters that were in ISO 8859-1 but not in Mac OS Roman were a source of trouble trying to display or edit web pages on Macintosh computers.

Codepage layout

The following table shows how characters are encoded in Macintosh Roman. Each character is shown with its Unicode equivalent.

Mac OS Roman[5][6][3][4]
_0 _1 _2 _3 _4 _5 _6 _7 _8 _9 _A _B _C _D _E _F
0_ NUL
0000
SOH
0001
STX
0002
ETX
0003
EOT
0004
ENQ
0005
ACK
0006
BEL
0007
BS
0008
HT
0009
LF
000A
VT
000B
FF
000C
CR
000D
SO
000E
SI
000F
1_ DLE
0010
[lower-alpha 1]
2318
[lower-alpha 1]
2713
[lower-alpha 1]
25C6
[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 2]
F8FF
NAK
0015
SYN
0016
ETB
0017
CAN
0018
EM
0019
SUB
001A
ESC
001B
FS
001C
GS
001D
RS
001E
US
001F
2_ SP
0020
!
0021
"
0022
#
0023
$
0024
%
0025
&
0026
'
0027
(
0028
)
0029
*
002A
+
002B
,
002C
-
002D
.
002E
/
002F
3_ 0
0030
1
0031
2
0032
3
0033
4
0034
5
0035
6
0036
7
0037
8
0038
9
0039
:
003A
;
003B
<
003C
=
003D
>
003E
?
003F
4_ @
0040
A
0041
B
0042
C
0043
D
0044
E
0045
F
0046
G
0047
H
0048
I
0049
J
004A
K
004B
L
004C
M
004D
N
004E
O
004F
5_ P
0050
Q
0051
R
0052
S
0053
T
0054
U
0055
V
0056
W
0057
X
0058
Y
0059
Z
005A
[
005B
\
005C
]
005D
^
005E
_
005F
6_ `
0060
a
0061
b
0062
c
0063
d
0064
e
0065
f
0066
g
0067
h
0068
i
0069
j
006A
k
006B
l
006C
m
006D
n
006E
o
006F
7_ p
0070
q
0071
r
0072
s
0073
t
0074
u
0075
v
0076
w
0077
x
0078
y
0079
z
007A
{
007B
|
007C
}
007D
~
007E
DEL
007F
8_ Ä
00C4
Å
00C5
Ç
00C7
É
00C9
Ñ
00D1
Ö
00D6
Ü
00DC
á
00E1
à
00E0
â
00E2
ä
00E4
ã
00E3
å
00E5
ç
00E7
é
00E9
è
00E8
9_ ê
00EA
ë
00EB
í
00ED
ì
00EC
î
00EE
ï
00EF
ñ
00F1
ó
00F3
ò
00F2
ô
00F4
ö
00F6
õ
00F5
ú
00FA
ù
00F9
û
00FB
ü
00FC
A_
2020
°
00B0
¢
00A2
[lower-alpha 3]
£
00A3
[lower-alpha 3]
§
00A7

2022

00B6
ß
00DF
®
00AE
©
00A9
[lower-alpha 3]

2122
´
00B4
¨
00A8

2260
Æ
00C6
Ø
00D8
B_
221E
±
00B1
[lower-alpha 3]

2264

2265
¥
00A5
µ
00B5
[lower-alpha 3]

2202

2211

220F
π
03C0

222B
ª
00AA
º
00BA
Ω
03A9
æ
00E6
ø
00F8
C_ ¿
00BF
¡
00A1
¬
00AC

221A
ƒ
0192

2248

2206
«
00AB
»
00BB

2026
NBSP
00A0
À
00C0
Ã
00C3
Õ
00D5
Œ
0152
œ
0153
D_
2013

2014

201C

201D

2018

2019
÷
00F7

25CA
ÿ
00FF
Ÿ
0178

2044
[lower-alpha 4]
20AC

2039

203A

FB01

FB02
E_
2021
·
00B7

201A

201E

2030
Â
00C2
Ê
00CA
Á
00C1
Ë
00CB
È
00C8
Í
00CD
Î
00CE
Ï
00CF
Ì
00CC
Ó
00D3
Ô
00D4
F_ [lower-alpha 2]
F8FF
Ò
00D2
Ú
00DA
Û
00DB
Ù
00D9
ı
0131
ˆ
02C6
˜
02DC
¯
00AF
˘
02D8
˙
02D9
˚
02DA
¸
00B8
˝
02DD
˛
02DB
ˇ
02C7

  Letter  Number  Punctuation  Symbol  Other  Undefined

  1. Certain fonts, particularly those intended for use as system fonts, include additional glyphs replacing some C0 control codes.[3][4] These were used to draw the top menubar and menu items.
  2. The character at 0xF0 (and also 0x14 in some fonts)[3][4] is a solid Apple logo. Apple uses U+F8FF in the Corporate Private Use Area for this logo, but it is usually not supported on non-Apple platforms.
  3. The codes 0xA2, 0xA3, 0xA9, 0xB1, and 0xB5 coincidentally have the same character assignment as ISO 8859-1 (and thus Unicode).
  4. Before Mac OS 8.5, the character 0xDB mapped to currency sign (¤), Unicode character U+00A4.

Application notes

With the release of Mac OS X, Mac OS Roman and all other "scripts" (as classic Mac OS called them) were replaced by UTF-8 as the standard character encoding for the Macintosh operating system. However, the default character encoding in Java for Mac OS X remained MacRoman,[7] and the keyboard layout with its combination of control, option, and dead keys still map to the original characters in MacRoman. The default character encoding for Java can be changed to UTF-8 by adding the following line to .profile:

JAVA_OPTS="${JAVA_OPTS:+$JAVA_OPTS }-Dfile.encoding=UTF-8"
export JAVA_OPTS

See also

References

  • Apple Computer, Inc. (1993). Inside Macintosh: Text. New York: Addison-Wesley. ISBN 0-201-63298-5.
  • Apple Computer, Inc. (1985). Inside Macintosh Volume I. New York: Addison-Wesley. ISBN 0-201-17731-5.
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