Amelia Island Light

The Amelia Island Light is the oldest existing lighthouse in the state of Florida in the United States. It is located near the northern end of Amelia Island in the northeastern part of the state. Its light marks St. Marys Entrance, the inlet leading to St. Marys River, the Cumberland Sound and the harbor of Fernandina Beach, Florida along the Amelia River.[1] The white light flashes every ten seconds which turns red from 344° to 360° when covering the shoal water in the vicinity of Nassau Sound.[4]

Amelia Island Light
Amelia Island lighthouse
Florida
Amelia Island Light (the United States)
Locationnorthern end of
Amelia Island
marking the St. Marys Entrance[1]
Fernandina Beach
Florida
United States
Coordinates30°40′23.43″N 81°26′32.94″W
Year first constructed1838-1839
Automated1970
Foundationstone basement
Constructionbrick with stucco tower
Tower shapetapered cylindrical tower with balcony and lantern
Markings / patternwhite tower, black lantern
Tower height64 feet (20 m)
Focal height107 feet (33 m)
Original lens14 lamps with 14-inch (360 mm) reflectors in a revolving lens (1839)
3rd order Fresnel lens (1903)
Rangewhite: 23 nautical miles (43 km; 26 mi)
red: 19 nautical miles (35 km; 22 mi)
CharacteristicFl W 10s.
red from 344° to 360°, covers shoal water in vicinity of Nassau Sound.
Admiralty numberJ2856
NGA number11460[2]
ARLHS numberUSA-010[3]
USCG number565[4]
Managing agentCity of Fernandina Beach[5][6]
Heritageplace listed on the National Register of Historic Places 
Amelia Island Lighthouse
Location215 1/2 Lighthouse Circle, Fernandina Beach, Florida
Area2.4 acres (0.97 ha)
ArchitectLewis, Winslow
MPSFlorida's Historic Lighthouses MPS
NRHP reference No.03000004[7]
Added to NRHPFebruary 13, 2003

The lighthouse is listed as number 565 in the United States Coast Guard (USCG) light list.[4]

History

The lighthouse was built in 1838 using materials taken from the former Little Cumberland Island Light on Cumberland Island in Georgia just north of the inlet, which had been built in 1820. The brick tower was originally 50 feet (15 m) tall placed on a hill. In 1881, a lantern was installed on the tower increasing the tower height to 64 feet (20 m) with the focal plane height of 107 feet (33 m) above sea level.

The tower for the light formerly on Cumberland Island was taken down and rebuilt on Amelia Island in 1838. The new light was originally equipped with 14 lamps each with a 14-inch (360 mm) reflector when first lit in 1839. The reflector size was increased to 15 inches (380 mm) by 1848. This arrangement was replaced by a third-order Barbier Benard Fresnel lens in 1903, which is still used in the lighthouse.[8]

The Amelia Island Light was automated in 1970.[9] The next-to-last civilian keeper of the lighthouse was Thomas J. O'Hagan, who was the son of the previous keeper, Thomas P. O'Hagan, and was married to a direct descendant of the first keeper, Amos Latham.

The light remains in operation, but the lighthouse structure is now a private residence.[8]

Management

The ownership of the lighthouse was transferred from the United States Coast Guard to the City of Fernandina Beach in 2001, which now maintains the historical monument. The Coast Guard, though, is still responsible for the function of the beacon. Access to the lighthouse is limited by the city. As of 2015, the lighthouse is not open to the public, except on Saturdays when the grounds are open for viewing for three hours only. The city also offers tours to the lighthouse twice a month.[10]

Head keepers
  • Robert Church (1820–1829)
  • Amos Latham (1829–1842)
  • Capt. Edmund Richardson (1842–1848)
  • George W. Walton (1848–1854)
  • Horace D. Vaughan (1854–1857)
  • James W. Woodland (1857–1859)
  • Christopher C. Morse (1859)
  • George Latham (1859 – )
  • James H. Parker (1864–1868)
  • Joseph H. Donnelly (1868–1873)
  • Henry Swan (1873–1874)
  • Henry Gage (1874–1878)
  • Samuel Petty (1878–1879)
  • Joseph S. Howell (1879–1880)
  • Dewayne W. Suydam (1880–1891)
  • Charles W. Grimm (1891–1905)
  • Thomas Patrick O’Hagan (1905–1925)
  • Thomas John O’Hagan (1925–1954)
  • David Martin (1954–1958)
  • Otho O. Brown (1958–1962)
  • Louis J. Oglesby, Jr. (1962–1966)
  • Otho O. Brown (1966–1970)[9]
  • Photo from the U.S. Coast Guard archives
  • Oil building
  • Lens
  • From a distance

See also

Notes
  1. Florida Atlas & Gazetteer (4th ed.). Maine: DeLorme. 1997. p. 41.
  2. "Pub. 110, List of Lights" (PDF). National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency. 2012. pp. 121 (152). Retrieved 2012-11-08.
  3. "Amelia Island Light". Amateur Radio Lighthouse Society. Retrieved 2012-11-08.
  4. Light List, Volume III, Atlantic Coast, Little River, South Carolina to Econfina River, Florida (PDF). Light List. United States Coast Guard. 2012. p. 5 (39).
  5. "The Lighthouse Directory". University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved 27 June 2016.
  6. "Florida Historic Light Station Information & Photography". United States Coast Guard. Retrieved 27 June 2016.
  7. "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
  8. "Historic Light Station Information Florida" (PDF). U. S. Coast Guard Historian's Office. pp. 1–2. Retrieved November 17, 2018.
  9. "Amelia Island Lighthouse". Lighthouse Friends. Retrieved October 11, 2017.
  10. "Amelia Island Lighthouse Tour". City of Fernandina Beach, Florida. Retrieved 2012-11-05.

References
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