Banff, Alberta

Banff is a town within Banff National Park in Alberta, Canada. It is located in Alberta's Rockies along the Trans-Canada Highway, approximately 126 km (78 mi) west of Calgary and 58 km (36 mi) east of Lake Louise. At 1,400 to 1,630 m (4,590 to 5,350 ft) above sea level,[4] Banff is the community with the second highest elevation in Alberta, after Lake Louise.

Banff
Town
Town of Banff
View of Banff
Flag
Location within Banff National Park
Banff
Location of Banff in Alberta
Coordinates: 51°10′41″N 115°34′19″W
Country Canada
ProvinceAlberta
RegionAlberta's Rockies
Census division15
Improvement districtImprovement District No. 9
Founded1885
Incorporated[1] 
 • TownJanuary 1, 1990
Named forBanff, Aberdeenshire
Government
 • MayorKaren Sorensen
 • Governing body
 • ManagerRobert Earl
 • MP (Banff—Airdrie)Blake Richards
 • MLA (Banff-Cochrane)Miranda Rosin
Area
 (2016)[3]
 • Land4.77 km2 (1.84 sq mi)
Elevation1,400 m (4,600 ft)
Population
 (2016)[3]
 • Total7,847
 • Density1,646/km2 (4,260/sq mi)
Demonym(s)Banffite
Time zoneUTC−7 (MST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−6 (MDT)
Forward sortation area
T1L
Area codes+1-403, +1-587
Public Transit ServiceRoam
Websitewww.banff.ca

The Town of Banff was the first municipality to incorporate within a Canadian national park. The town is a member of the Calgary Regional Partnership.

Banff is a resort town and one of Canada's most popular tourist destinations. Known for its mountainous surroundings and hot springs, it is a destination for outdoor sports and features extensive hiking, biking, scrambling and skiing destinations within the area. Sunshine Village, Ski Norquay and Lake Louise Ski Resort are the three nearby ski resorts located within the national park.

History
View from the summit of Sulphur Mountain, showing Banff and the surrounding areas
King Edward Hotel

Banff was first settled in the 1880s, after the transcontinental railway was built through the Bow Valley. In 1883, three Canadian Pacific Railway workers stumbled upon a series of natural hot springs on the side of Sulphur Mountain. In 1885, Canada established a federal reserve of 26 km2 (10 sq mi) around the Cave and Basin hot springs, and began promoting the area as an international resort and spa as a way to support the new railway.[5] In 1887, the reserve area was increased to 673 km2 (260 sq mi) and named "Rocky Mountain Park". This was the beginning of Canada's National Park system.

The area was named Banff in 1884 by George Stephen, president of the Canadian Pacific Railway, recalling his birthplace in Banff, Scotland. The Canadian Pacific built a series of grand hotels along the rail line and advertised the Banff Springs Hotel as an international tourist resort.

The Banff townsite was developed near the railway station as a service centre for tourists visiting the park. It was administered by the Government of Canada's national parks system until 1990 when the Town of Banff became the only incorporated municipality within a Canadian national park.

An Internment camp was set up at Banff and Castle Mountain in Dominion Park from July 1915 to July 1917.[6] The prisoners of the internment camp were used as free labour to build the infrastructure of the national park.[7]

In 1985, the United Nations declared Banff National Park, as one of the Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks, a World Heritage Site. Banff remains one of the most popular tourist destinations in Canada.

One of the most notable figures of Banff was Norman Luxton, who was known as "Mr. Banff". He published the Crag and Canyon newspaper, built the King Edward Hotel and the Lux Theatre, and founded the Sign of the Goat Curio Shop, which led to the development of the Luxton Museum of Plains Indians, now the Buffalo Nations Museum.[8] He and his family helped organize the Banff Indian Days and the Banff Winter Carnival.

In 1976, the International Astronomical Union's Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (IAU/WGPSN) officially adopted the name Banff for a crater on Mars, after the town in Alberta. The crater is at latitude 17.7° north and longitude 30.8° west. Its diameter is 5 km (3.1 mi).[9]

In 1991, Banff hosted the 1991 Winter Deaflympics, the first Deaflympics hosted in Canada, and the only Deaflympics held in Canada since then.

Geography

It is surrounded by mountains, notably Mount Rundle, Sulphur Mountain, Mount Norquay, and Cascade Mountain. The town is above Bow Falls near the confluence of the Bow River and Spray River. Soils are calcareous and usually imperfectly to poorly drained in their natural state with textures from very fine sandy loam to silty clay loam.[10]

The sun rises over Banff from a vantage point on the road to Mt. Norquay.

Climate
Banff
Climate chart (explanation)
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
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O
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32
 
 
10
−1
 
 
26
 
 
0
−8
 
 
21
 
 
−5
−13
Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
Precipitation totals in mm
Source: [11]

Banff experiences a subarctic climate (Köppen climate classification Dfc) that borders on a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb). Winter temperatures range from an average low of −13.3 °C (8.1 °F) to an average high of −0.2 °C (31.6 °F). Summer temperatures in the warmest month are an average high of 21.6 °C (70.9 °F) and an average low of 7.3 °C (45.1 °F). Snow has been recorded in all months of the year. The annual snowfall averages 191.0 cm (75.2 in).[11] The highest temperature ever recorded was 34.8 °C on August 10, 2018 during a great heat wave.[12]

Demographics
Northern lights over Banff

The population of the Town of Banff according to its 2017 municipal census is 8,875,[13] an increase of 5.4% from its 2014 municipal census population of 8,421.[14]

In the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Town of Banff recorded a population of 7,851 living in 2,543 of its 2,729 total private dwellings, a 3.5% change from its 2011 population of 7,584. With a land area of 4.77 km2 (1.84 sq mi), Banff had a population density of 1,645.9/km2 (4,262.9/sq mi) in 2016.[3]

In the 2011 Census, the Town of Banff had a population of 7,584 living in 2,565 of its 2,850 total dwellings, a 13.2% change from its 2006 population of 6,700. With a land area of 4.88 km2 (1.88 sq mi), it had a population density of 1,554.1/km2 (4,025.1/sq mi) in 2011.[15]

Parks Canada enforces requirements that individuals must meet in order to reside in the town, in order "to ensure that a broad supply of housing types are available for those who work and raise families in the community".[16]

Attractions
Fairmont Banff Springs Hotel in 2008

There are a number of mountains located immediately adjacent to the townsite which include Mount Rundle (2,949 m or 9,675 ft); Cascade Mountain (2,998 m or 9,836 ft); and Mount Norquay (2,134 m or 7,001 ft). Mount Norquay has a ski slope as well as mountain biking trails on the Stoney Squaw portion, and Via Ferrata (an assisted climbing experience). A tourist attraction, the Banff Gondola, is available to ascend Sulphur Mountain (2,281 m or 7,484 ft) where a boardwalk (Banff Skywalk) beginning from the upper terminal connects to Sanson Peak. Sulphur Mountain is also the location of the Banff Upper Hot Springs.

Lake Minnewanka located six minutes north of the townsite is a day use area with a variety of activities. Mountain biking, hiking and fishing are allowed in this part of the park. A Lake Cruise, motor boat rentals and a small food concession are available at the marina.

Tunnel Mountain (formerly known as Sleeping Buffalo Mountain) (1,690 m or 5,545 ft) is situated within the townsite and has a summit that can be scaled in less than half an hour. It was named Tunnel Mountain because surveyors initially wanted to make a tunnel for the Canadian Pacific Railway right through the mountain, instead of following the Bow River Valley. Located on the side of Tunnel Mountain is the Banff Centre for Arts and Creativity, which hosts events, including outdoor concerts, dance, opera and theatre.

Banff is home to the Banff World Television Festival, Banff Mountain Film Festival, Rocky Mountain Music Festival and Bike Fest. The town is also the starting point of the 4,417 km (2,745 mi) Great Divide Mountain Bike Route, which terminates at Antelope Wells, New Mexico in the United States.

Sports

Banff and nearby Canmore played host to the 2014 Alberta Winter Games.

Banff also hosted the 1991 Winter Deaflympics.

For a number of years there has been an annual long-distance relay run between Banff and Jasper, Alberta (formerly known as the Jasper to Banff Relay).

Banff has a long history of hosting Team Canada hockey training camps, including Canada's 2012 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships team when the event was held in Alberta, and the 1984 Canada Cup squad which practiced there, prior to the start of the tournament.[17][18]

Infrastructure

Transportation
Railway station

In June 2008, the Banff council launched a local bus system called Roam, with three routes connecting the town, Tunnel Mountain, the Banff Springs Hotel, and the Banff Gondola.[19] The service is operated using four hybrid Nova buses, each decorated with scenes from the National Park.[20] There are three separate routes: • Route 1: which goes to Sulphur Mountain • Route 2: which goes to Tunnel Mountain • Route 3: which goes from Banff, to nearby Canmore. Many bus stops along the routes have screens which tell exactly how many minutes before the next two buses arrive. In December 2012, the bus system was expanded to include the Route 3 hourly service between Banff and Canmore.[21]

Via Rail's long-distance trains no longer serve Banff, but the Banff railway station remains in use by the Rocky Mountaineer and Royal Canadian Pacific tour trains.

The nearest airport to Banff with major service is the Calgary International Airport in Calgary.

Health care

Acute health care is provided at the Banff – Mineral Springs Hospital.

Media
Main article: Media in Banff, Alberta

Notable people

See also

References
  1. "Location and History Profile: Town of Banff" (PDF). Alberta Municipal Affairs. June 17, 2016. p. 8. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 25, 2016. Retrieved June 19, 2016.
  2. "Municipal Officials Search". Alberta Municipal Affairs. September 22, 2017. Retrieved September 25, 2017.
  3. "Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2016 and 2011 censuses – 100% data (Alberta)". Statistics Canada. February 8, 2017. Archived from the original on February 11, 2017. Retrieved February 8, 2017.
  4. "Alberta Private Sewage Systems 2009 Standard of Practice Handbook: Appendix A.3 Alberta Design Data (A.3.A. Alberta Climate Design Data by Town)" (PDF) (PDF). Safety Codes Council. January 2012. pp. 212–215 (PDF pages 226–229). Archived (PDF) from the original on October 16, 2013. Retrieved October 8, 2013.
  5. "Banff, AB - Official Website - History and Heritage". banff.ca. Archived from the original on April 6, 2018. Retrieved April 28, 2018.
  6. "Internment Camps in Canada during the First and Second World Wars, Library and Archives Canada". Archived from the original on September 5, 2014.
  7. "Banff pavilion highlights WWI internment camps". CBC News. Retrieved August 21, 2018.
  8. "The History of Norman Luxton – Founder of the Buffalo Nations Luxton Museum". Buffalo Nations Luxton Museum. Archived from the original on April 12, 2010. Retrieved February 15, 2013.
  9. "USGS Astro: Planetary Nomenclature: Feature Data Search Results". United States Geological Survey. Archived from the original on September 29, 2006. Retrieved April 12, 2009.
  10. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on February 7, 2016. Retrieved February 5, 2016.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) W.D. Holland and G.M. Coen, Ed. Ecological (Biophysical) Land Classification of Banff and Jasper National Parks, 1983
  11. "Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010". Environment Canada. Archived from the original on February 27, 2014. Retrieved October 12, 2013.
  12. "Daily Data Report - Environment and Climate Change Canada". climate.weather.gc.ca. 31 October 2011.
  13. 2017 Municipal Affairs Population List (PDF). Alberta Municipal Affairs. ISBN 978-1-4601-3652-2. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 12, 2018. Retrieved January 13, 2018.
  14. 2016 Municipal Affairs Population List (PDF). Alberta Municipal Affairs. ISBN 978-1-4601-3127-5. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 9, 2017. Retrieved January 13, 2018.
  15. "Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2011 and 2006 censuses (Alberta)". Statistics Canada. February 8, 2012. Archived from the original on July 22, 2012. Retrieved February 8, 2012.
  16. Canada, Parks Canada Agency, Government of. "Eligible residency". pc.gc.ca. Archived from the original on March 28, 2018. Retrieved April 28, 2018.
  17. https://www.nhl.com/kings/news/my-story-ryan-smyth/c-558774
  18. https://www.sportsnet.ca/hockey/juniors/canada-world-juniors-sticks-together/
  19. "Roam". Town of Banff. Archived from the original on February 8, 2013. Retrieved February 15, 2013.
  20. "Roam in Banff". Bow Valley Regional Transit Services Commission. Archived from the original on July 29, 2013.
  21. "Roam". Town of Banff. Archived from the original on April 24, 2013. Retrieved March 18, 2013.
  22. https://www.nhl.com/kings/news/my-story-ryan-smyth/c-558774
  23. https://edmontonjournal.com/sports/hockey/nhl/cult-of-hockey/close-ups-of-messier-yzerman-robitaille-and-lemieux-leading-canada-to-victory-the-oilers-way-pt-5
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