Bo-Kaap
The Bo-Kaap (“above the Cape" in Afrikaans) is an area of Cape Town, South Africa formerly known as the Malay Quarter. It is a former township, situated on the slopes of Signal Hill above the city centre and is a historical centre of Cape Malay culture in Cape Town. The Nurul Islam Mosque, established in 1844, is located in the area.
Bo-Kaap | |
|---|---|
 Bo-Kaap area of Cape Town with its distinctive pastel coloured houses in the foreground with the city centre to the left and Table Mountain in the background | |
  Bo-Kaap  Bo-Kaap | |
| Coordinates: 33°55′15″S 18°24′55″E | |
| Country | South Africa |
| Province | Western Cape |
| Municipality | City of Cape Town |
| Established | 1760 |
| Area | |
| • Total | 0.95 km2 (0.37 sq mi) |
| Population (2011)[1] | |
| • Total | 3,203 |
| • Density | 3,400/km2 (8,700/sq mi) |
| Racial makeup (2011) | |
| • Black African | 9.0% |
| • Coloured | 66.0% |
| • Indian/Asian | 3.4% |
| • White | 4.3% |
| • Other | 17.3% |
| First languages (2011) | |
| • English | 64.0% |
| • Afrikaans | 30.3% |
| • Other | 5.7% |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (SAST) |
| Postal code (street) | 8001 |
| Area code | +27 (0)21 |
Bo-Kaap is known for its brightly coloured homes and cobble stoned streets. The area is traditionally a multicultural neighbourhood, and 56.9% of its population identify as Muslim.[2] According to the South African Heritage Resources Agency, the area contains the largest concentration of pre-1850 architecture in South Africa, and is the oldest surviving residential neighborhood in Cape Town.[3]
History
In 1760 Jan de Waal bought a block of land at the foot of Signal Hill,[4] between Dorp and Wale Streets. A year later he obtained an adjacent parcel, extending his holding to Rose/Chiappini/Shortmarket Street. Starting in 1763, de Waal built several small “huurhuisjes” (rental houses) on this land, which he leased to his slaves. The first three are at 71 Wale Street (now the Bokaap Museum), above Buitengracht Street, and 42 Leeuwen Street respectively.
Because the aboriginal tribes in the (Cape Town) area resisted the Dutch, slaves were initially imported from Malaysia, Indonesia and other parts of Africa, hence the name “Malay”. Most of the new residents were Muslim, and several mosques were built in the area. The first one was Auwal Mosque, in Dorp Street in 1794.[5] Between 1790 and 1825 more housing in both the Cape Dutch and Cape Georgian styles was built for the expanding population of tradesmen, craftsmen, and artisans. More Muslims continued to move into the area, including a wave of political exiles from Java and Ceylon circa 1820.[6] After the emancipation in 1834 and the arrival of liberated slaves, developers constructed numerous rows of narrow, deep huurhuisjes.[5]
The brightly coloured facades are attributed to an expression of freedom by the new homeowners, as all the houses were painted white while on lease.[4]
Preservation of the area began in 1943 when 15 houses were restored by a group of prominent citizens, with the support of the Historical Monuments Commission. In 1966 a portion of the area was designated as a National Monument. From 1971 the City Council began restoring houses and streetscapes, with 48 units completed by 1975.[6]
Gentrification
As a result of Cape Town's economic development and expansion, and after the demise of forced racial segregation under apartheid, property in the Bo-Kaap has become very sought after, not only for its location but also for its picturesque cobble-streets and unique architecture.[7] Increasingly, this close-knit community is "facing a slow dissolution of its distinctive character as wealthy outsiders move into the suburb to snap up homes in the City Bowl at cut-rate prices".[8] Inter-community conflict has also arisen as some residents object to the sale of buildings and the resultant eviction of long-term residents.
National Heritage Status
In May 2019, 19 sites in the Bo-Kaap area were declared National Heritage Sites by the South African Minister of Arts and Culture.[3] The announcement followed the City of Cape Town's council's March 2019 approving of the inclusion of the Bo-Kaap area in a Heritage Protection Overlay Zone (HPOZ), which will incorporate around 600 privately-owned homes. The City received over 2,000 letters from members of the public, a strong majority of which were in support of the new Heritage Zone. The HPOZ stretches to the Table Mountain National Park, and includes the northern verges to the northwest of Strand Street as well as Buitengracht Street, between the intersections with Carisbrook Street and Strand Street.[9]
The 19 sites became official National Heritage Sites through a declaration by the South African Heritage Resources Agency, under the National Heritage Resources Act (No 25 of 1999).[3] Objectives of the Heritage Zone include conserving the Bo-Kaap heritage by encouraging owners to retain and rehabilitate the existing residential buildings; ensuring new developments in the area complement existing landscape; and promoting social and cultural traditions in the area.[9]
Bo-Kaap Museum
The museum, whose building dates back to the 1760s, is the oldest house in the area still in its original form. It highlights the cultural contribution made by early Muslim settlers, many of whom were skilled tailors, carpenters, shoe makers and builders. It contains 19th century furnishings which include a fine Cape drop-leaf dining table, Cape Regency-style chairs and a bridal chamber decorated to match the bride's dress.
The museum is distinguishable by its voorstoep, a type of front terrace with a bench at each end emphasizing the polarizing aspect of Cape Muslim culture. The museum exhibits the lifestyle of a prosperous 19th-century Cape Muslim family along with black-and-white photographs of daily life in the area.[10]
Gallery
Bo-Kaap primary colours
Local artist, Christopher Reid, Painting en plein air in Bo-Kaap.
Bo-Kaap British Style houses
Bo-Kaap Iziko Museum
Behind the Iziko Bo-Kaap Museum
Auwal Mosque: the oldest in South Africa
Chiappini Street houses
Daily scene in the Bo-Kaap
The view of Signal Hill from Bo-Kaap.jpg.webp)
Pentz Street.jpg.webp)
Painted murals at 93 Wale Street.jpg.webp)
73, Chiappini Street
References
- "Sub Place Schotsche Kloof". Census 2011.
- Kotze, Nico (2013). "A community in trouble?". Urbani Izziv. 24 (2): 124–132. doi:10.5379/urbani-izziv-en-2013-24-02-004. JSTOR 24920888.
- Ishmail, S (2019-05-02). "Recognition for Bo-Kaap as 19 sites to be declared National Heritage Sites". IOL. Retrieved 2019-05-02.
- "Getting to know the Bo-Kaap". Cape Town Tourism. Cape Town Tourism. Retrieved 2018-05-30.
- "Cape Town History: A Tourisrt Guide". Cape Town History. Retrieved 2018-05-30.
- Townsend, Lesley (2015-10-15). "History and Style of the Bo-Kaap". The Heritage Portal. The Heritage Portal. Retrieved 2018-05-30.
- Kardas-Nelson, Mara (October 19, 2012). "The bar that caused all the trouble in historic Bo-Kaap". Mail & Guardian. Retrieved October 23, 2012.
- "Bo-Kaap gentrification sees residents evicted" , Voice of the Cape Archived July 23, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
- Evans, J and Somdyala, K (2019-05-01). "Arts & Culture minister declares 19 areas as heritage sites in Bo-Kaap". News24. Retrieved 2019-05-02.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- Planet, Lonely. "Bo-Kaap Museum in Cape Town, South Africa". Lonely Planet. Retrieved 2017-09-15.
External links
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bo-Kaap. |
