City of Cape Town elections

The council of the City of Cape Town in the Western Cape, South Africa is elected every five years by a system of mixed-member proportional representation. Half of the councillors are elected by first-past-the-post voting from individual wards, while the other half are appointed from party lists so that the total number of party representatives is proportional to the number of votes received. By-elections are held to replace the councillors elected by wards if a vacancy occurs.

December 2000 election

Seats in the city council after the 2000 election.
Government:
  DA (107)
Opposition:
  ANC (77)
  ACDP (8)
  Others (8)

The current form of the City of Cape Town was created in 2000 by merging the six transitional municipalities in the Cape Town metropolitan area (Cape Town/Central, South Peninsula, Blaauwberg, Tygerberg, Oostenberg and Helderberg) and the overarching Cape Metropolitan Council. The council of the new municipality consisted of 200 members, 100 elected from wards and the other 100 from party lists. The election was held on 5 December 2000; the Democratic Alliance won a majority of 107 seats.

City of Cape Town local election, 5 December 2000[1][2]
PartyVotesSeats
WardListTotal%WardListTotal
Democratic Alliance 372,032377,885749,91752.96641107
ANC 268,124272,181540,30538.1344377
ACDP 27,97225,97653,9843.8088
UDM 9,09811,23120,3291.4033
Africa Muslim Party 6,4848,05614,5401.0022
Independent 14,40114,4011.000
Pan Africanist Congress 1,8734,5296,4020.5011
IFP 2,2871,6483,9350.3011
Moderate Independent Party 1,5282,3293,8570.3011
Green Party 4771,9732,4500.2000
Azanian People's Organisation 1,1201,0252,1450.2000
Cape People's Congress 1,0711,0452,1160.1000
Helderberg Community Civic Organization 6258691,4940.1000
Abolition of Income Tax and Usury Party 4894890.000
Total 707,092709,2361,416,328100100200
Valid votes 707,092709,2361,416,32898.8
Spoilt votes 8,4978,12916,6261.2
Total votes cast 715,589717,3651,432,954
Total voter turnout 719,444
Registered voters 1,269,582
Turnout percentage 56.7

By-elections from December 2000 to October 2002

The following by-elections were held to fill vacant ward seats in the period between the election in December 2000 and the floor crossing period in October 2002.

DateWardParty of the previous councillorParty of the newly elected councillor
25 April 2001[3] 34 ANC ANC
15 August 2001[4] 71 Democratic Alliance Democratic Alliance
28 August 2002[5] 62 Democratic Alliance Democratic Alliance

October 2002 floor crossing

Seats in the city council after the 2002 floor crossing.
Government:
  ANC (80)
  NNP (32)
Opposition:
  DA (71)
  ACDP (8)
  Others (9)

In terms of the Eighth Amendment of the Constitution and the judgment of the Constitutional Court in United Democratic Movement v President of the Republic of South Africa and Others, in the period from 8–22 October 2002 councillors had the opportunity to cross the floor to a different political party without losing their seats.

In the Cape Town city council, the Democratic Alliance (DA) lost 31 councillors to the New National Party (NNP), which had formerly been part of the DA. The DA also lost 3 councillors to the African National Congress (ANC), 1 to the Universal Party and 1 who became an independent. The sole councillor of the Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) also crossed to the NNP. The ANC and the NNP formed a coalition which held a majority of 112 seats.

City of Cape Town floor crossing, 8–22 October 2002[6]
PartySeats beforeNet changeSeats after
ANC 77 380
Democratic Alliance 107 3671
NNP 3232
ACDP 8 08
UDM 3 03
Africa Muslim Party 2 02
Moderate Independent Party 1 01
Pan Africanist Congress 1 01
Independent 11
Universal Party 11
IFP 1 10

By-elections from October 2002 to August 2004

The following by-elections were held to fill vacant ward seats in the period between the floor crossing periods in October 2002 and September 2004.

DateWardParty of the previous councillorParty of the newly elected councillor
7 May 2003[7] 67 Democratic Alliance Democratic Alliance
11 February 2004[8] 42 ANC ANC
23 June 2004[9] 6 Democratic Alliance Democratic Alliance
9 Democratic Alliance Democratic Alliance
13 Democratic Alliance Democratic Alliance
15 Democratic Alliance ANC
46 Democratic Alliance Democratic Alliance

September 2004 floor crossing

Seats in the city council after the 2004 floor crossing.
Government:
  ANC (104)
  NNP (5)
Opposition:
  DA (70)
  ACDP (6)
  Others (15)

Another floor-crossing period occurred on 1–15 September 2004. 27 of the 32 NNP councillors crossed, mostly to the ANC, giving the ANC a majority of 104 seats. 2 councillors of the African Christian Democratic Party (ACDP) also crossed to the Federation of Democrats, a new party.

City of Cape Town floor crossing, 1–15 September 2004[10]
PartySeats beforeNet changeSeats after
ANC 81 23104
Democratic Alliance 70 070
ACDP 8 26
NNP 32 275
Independent Democrats 44
UDM 3 03
Africa Muslim Party 2 02
Federation of Democrats 22
Independent 1 01
Moderate Independent Party 1 01
Pan Africanist Congress 1 01
Universal Party 1 01

By-elections from September 2004 to February 2006

The following by-elections were held to fill vacant ward seats in the period between the floor crossing periods in September 2004 and the election in March 2006.

DateWardParty of the previous councillorParty of the newly elected councillor
24 November 2004[11] 32 Democratic Alliance Democratic Alliance
7 September 2005[12] 21 Democratic Alliance Democratic Alliance
48 ANC ANC

March 2006 election

Seats in the city council after the 2006 election.
Government:
  DA (90)
  ACDP (7)
  Others (8)
Opposition:
  ANC (81)
  ID (23)
  PAC (1)

At the election of 1 March 2006, the city council was expanded to 210 members with the addition of 5 new wards and 5 new PR list councillors. No party obtained a majority, with the Democratic Alliance (DA) winning 90 seats, the African National Congress (ANC) 81, and the new Independent Democrats (ID) 23.

After much negotiation, a seven-party governing coalition was formed, consisting of the DA, the African Christian Democratic Party (ACDP), the Africa Muslim Party (AMP), the United Democratic Movement (UDM), the Freedom Front Plus (VF+), the United Independent Front (UIF), and the Universal Party (UP). The coalition held 105 seats, exactly half of the council, compared to the 104 seats held by the ANC and ID together. The single councillor from the Pan Africanist Congress abstained from the election of the mayor.[13]

City of Cape Town local election, 1 March 2006[14][15]
PartyVotesSeats
WardListTotal%WardListTotal
Democratic Alliance 303,299306,246609,54541.9612990
ACDP 24,14522,75746,9023.2077
Africa Muslim Party 9,5679,74919,3161.3033
UDM 5,0816,86911,9500.8022
Freedom Front Plus 3,6213,5497,1700.5011
United Independent Front 1,5561,9163,4720.2011
Universal Party 1,3371,0092,3460.2011
Seven-party coalition total 348,606352,095700,70148.16144105
ANC 271,873280,232552,10537.9414081
Independent Democrats 76,71179,839156,55010.732023
Independent 24,15124,1511.700
Pan Africanist Congress 2,3864,7227,1080.5011
IFP 1,2549812,2350.2000
Federation of Democrats 1,1909462,1360.1000
Pro Ratepayers Party 9779421,9190.1000
Moderate Independent Party 9347151,6490.1000
Peace and Justice Congress 7346251,3600.1000
United Party 1,2761,2760.100
Pension Poverty Relief and Unemployment Front 5736831,2560.1000
Azanian People's Organisation 2806429220.1000
Abolition of Income Tax and Usury Party 4323287600.1000
Progressive Independent Movement 7107100.000
First Community Party 1994146130.0000
Alliance of Free Democrats 615416020.0000
Workers International Vanguard League 2972970.000
Total 731,637724,7131,456,350105105210
Valid votes 731,637724,7131,456,35098.3
Spoilt votes 9,10215,66424,7661.7
Total votes cast 740,739740,3771,481,116
Total voter turnout 744,967
Registered voters 1,486,781
Turnout percentage 50.1

By-elections from March 2006 to August 2007

The following by-elections were held to fill vacant ward seats in the period between the election in March 2006 and the floor crossing period in September 2007.

DateWardParty of the previous councillorParty of the newly elected councillor
7 June 2006[16] 82 Independent Democrats Democratic Alliance[Note 1]
7 February 2007[17] 74 Democratic Alliance Democratic Alliance

September 2007 floor crossing

Seats in the city council after the 2007 floor crossing.
Government:
  DA (95)
  ID (16)
  ACDP (7)
  Others (3)
Opposition:
  ANC (81)
  Others (8)

The final floor-crossing period occurred on 1–15 September 2007; floor-crossing was subsequently abolished in 2008 by the Fifteenth Amendment of the Constitution. In the Cape Town city council, the ID lost three councillors to the new National People's Party (NPP), two to the DA and one to the new Social Democratic Party. The UDM and the UIF each lost one councillor to the DA, and the AMP lost one councillor to the NPP. Control of the council was not affected because the ID had joined the governing coalition earlier in the year.

City of Cape Town floor crossing, 1–15 September 2007[18]
PartySeats beforeNet changeSeats after
Democratic Alliance 91 495
ANC 81 081
Independent Democrats 22 616
ACDP 7 07
National People's Party 44
Africa Muslim Party 3 12
UDM 2 11
Freedom Front Plus 1 01
Pan Africanist Congress 1 01
Universal Party 1 01
Social Democratic Party 11
United Independent Front 1 10

By-elections from September 2007 to May 2011

The following by-elections were held to fill vacant ward seats in the period between the floor crossing period in September 2007 and the election in May 2011.

DateWardParty of the previous councillorParty of the newly elected councillor
19 March 2008[19] 15 Democratic Alliance Independent Democrats
16 July 2008[20] 103 Democratic Alliance Democratic Alliance
10 December 2008[21][Note 2] 33 ANC Congress of the People[Note 3]
34 ANC Congress of the People[Note 3]
35 ANC Congress of the People[Note 3]
45 ANC Democratic Alliance
52 ANC Congress of the People[Note 3]
75 ANC Democratic Alliance
87 ANC Congress of the People[Note 3]
88 ANC Congress of the People[Note 3]
25 March 2009[22] 2 Democratic Alliance Democratic Alliance
79 Independent Democrats Democratic Alliance[Note 1]
6 May 2009[23] 71 Democratic Alliance Democratic Alliance
24 June 2009[24] 9 Democratic Alliance Democratic Alliance
14 Democratic Alliance Democratic Alliance
70 Democratic Alliance Democratic Alliance
73 Democratic Alliance Democratic Alliance
18 November 2009[25] 32 ANC Democratic Alliance
26 May 2010[26] 44 ANC Democratic Alliance
21 July 2010[27] 34 Congress of the People ANC
35 Congress of the People ANC
98 ANC ANC
99 ANC Democratic Alliance
25 August 2010[28] 49 Democratic Alliance Democratic Alliance
8 December 2010[29] 19 Democratic Alliance Democratic Alliance
104 ANC ANC

May 2011 election

Seats in the city council after the 2011 election.
Government:
  DA (135)
Opposition:
  ANC (73)
  Others (13)

At the election of 18 May 2011, the council was expanded to 221 members with the addition of 6 new wards and 5 new PR list seats. The Democratic Alliance won a majority of 135 seats.

City of Cape Town local election, 18 May 2011[30][31]
PartyVotesSeats
WardListTotal%WardListTotal
Democratic Alliance 675,020682,9291,357,94960.97857135
ANC 360,827370,420731,24732.8334073
ACDP 15,22711,87327,1001.2033
Congress of the People 12,05912,59624,6551.1033
National Party 5,7186,03811,7560.5011
UDM 4,4024,2908,6920.4011
Al Jama-ah 4,3103,9288,2380.4011
Africa Muslim Party 4,4303,1577,5870.3011
Cape Muslim Congress 3,6582,7406,3980.3011
Independent 5,8935,8930.300
Pan Africanist Congress 2,6061,9934,5990.2011
Freedom Front Plus 2,1211,8643,9850.2011
Cape Party 1,5611,4713,0320.1000
Community Coalition 1,7151,2712,9860.1000
IFP 1,8881,0312,9190.1000
National Independent Civic Organisation 1,8441,0482,8920.1000
Democrats for Change 9421,6372,5790.1000
African People's Convention 7871,5132,3000.1000
National People's Party 1,2217071,9280.1000
Universal Party 1,0786501,7280.1000
National Alliance for Democracy 1,0086291,6370.1000
South African Progressive Civic Organisation 8257241,5490.1000
National Freedom Party 6947651,4590.1000
United Christian Democratic Party 228458670.0000
Western Cape Community 2915748650.0000
United Independent Front 4174368530.0000
Azanian People's Organisation 3224057270.0000
United Civics of South Africa 4231665890.0000
African Bond of Unity 2322755070.0000
United Majority Front 3011244250.0000
Pan Africanist Movement 1322653970.0000
Abolition of Income Tax and Usury Party 2301653950.0000
Social Democratic Party 931672600.0000
Independent Civic Organisation 1511510.000
Total 1,112,2971,116,8472,229,144111110221
Valid votes 1,112,2971,116,8472,229,14499.1
Spoilt votes 11,5188,99820,5160.9
Total votes cast 1,123,8151,125,8452,249,660
Total voter turnout 1,134,144
Registered voters 1,745,853
Turnout percentage 65.0

2011 mayoral election

Candidate Votes %
Patricia de Lille (DA) 137 64.4%
Tony Ehrenreich (ANC) 75 35.6%
Total 212 100%
Valid votes 212 97.7%
Spoilt ballots 5 2.3%
Total votes cast 217 100%

By-elections from May 2011 to August 2016

The following by-elections were held to fill vacant ward seats in the period between the elections in May 2011 and August 2016.

DateWardParty of the previous councillorParty of the newly elected councillor
7 December 2011[32] 71 Democratic Alliance Democratic Alliance
18 January 2012[33] 68 Democratic Alliance Democratic Alliance
25 April 2012[34] 45 Democratic Alliance Democratic Alliance
19 September 2012[35] 88 ANC Democratic Alliance
30 January 2013[36] 22 Democratic Alliance Democratic Alliance
22 May 2013[37] 105 Democratic Alliance Democratic Alliance
19 February 2014[38] 35 ANC ANC
43 Democratic Alliance Democratic Alliance
28 May 2014[39] 25 Democratic Alliance Democratic Alliance
13 August 2014[40] 5 Democratic Alliance Democratic Alliance
54 Democratic Alliance Democratic Alliance
56 Democratic Alliance Democratic Alliance
5 November 2014[41] 23 Democratic Alliance Democratic Alliance
1 April 2015[42] 72 Democratic Alliance Democratic Alliance
9 December 2015[43] 101 ANC ANC

August 2016 election

Seats in the city council after the 2016 election.
Government:
  DA (154)
Opposition:
  ANC (57)
  EFF (7)
  Others (13)

At the election of 3 August 2016, the council was expanded to 231 members with the addition of 5 new wards and 5 new PR list seats. The Democratic Alliance won a majority of 154 seats.

City of Cape Town local election, 18 May 2011[44][45]
PartyVotesSeats
WardListTotal%WardListTotal
Democratic Alliance 831,890832,6241,664,51466.68173154
ANC 302,965305,902608,86724.4352257
Economic Freedom Fighters 40,24338,87179,1143.2077
ACDP 16,18114,10430,2851.2033
Al Jama-ah 9,5066,89216,3980.7022
African Independent Congress 5,2289,51514,7430.6011
Freedom Front Plus 5,3654,91910,2840.4011
Democratic Independent Party 4,0493,4727,5210.3011
Independent 7,0777,0770.300
UDM 2,4414,1396,5800.3011
Cape Muslim Congress 3,0733,3866,4590.3011
Pan Africanist Congress 3,3812,9386,3190.3011
Congress of the People 3,1753,0156,1900.3011
Patriotic Alliance 2,9432,0164,9590.2011
National Party 1,9882,2964,2840.2000
Cape Party 1,6081,7603,3680.1000
Africa Muslim Party 1,6921,5713,2630.1000
Local People's Party 1,6541,0562,7100.1000
Al Shura Party 1,0856851,7700.1000
African People's Convention 7499061,6550.1000
Independent Civic Organisation 7996731,4720.1000
Nationalist Coloured Party 7946221,4160.1000
Christian Democratic Party 3181,0971,4150.1000
National People's Party 8124491,2610.1000
South Africa People's Party 4514438940.0000
Coloured Voice 4204428620.0000
Khoisan Kingdom And All People 2435277700.0000
South African Progressive Civic Organisation 3463577030.0000
Ubuntu Party 1964906860.0000
Khoisan Revolution 2184446620.0000
Sizwe Ummah Nation 2762835590.0000
The Greens 454334780.0000
People's Democratic Movement 2032364390.0000
IFP 563784340.0000
South African People for Equality 1451713160.0000
Independent Sport Party 391221610.0000
Patriotic Association 191111300.0000
Total 1,251,6731,247,3452,499,018116115231
Valid votes 1,251,6731,247,3452,499,01898.7
Spoilt votes 14,77717,95432,7311.3
Total votes cast 1,266,4501,265,2992,531,749
Total voter turnout 1,271,923
Registered voters 1,977,690
Turnout percentage 64.3

2016 mayoral election

Candidate Votes %
Patricia de Lille (DA) 160 74.1%
Xolani Sotashe (ANC) 56 25.9%
Total 216 100%

By-elections since August 2016

The following by-elections were held to fill vacant ward seats in the period since the elections in August 2016.

DateWardParty of the previous councillorParty of the newly elected councillor
9 November 2016[46] 108 ANC ANC
2 August 2017[47] 4 Democratic Alliance Democratic Alliance
20 September 2017[48] 37 ANC ANC
15 November 2017[49] 93 ANC ANC
29 November 2017[50] 102 Democratic Alliance Democratic Alliance
16 January 2019[51] 31 Democratic Alliance Democratic Alliance
101 ANC ANC
13 February 2019[52] 54 Democratic Alliance Democratic Alliance
19 June 2019[53] 21 Democratic Alliance Democratic Alliance
21 August 2019[54] 95 ANC ANC
13 November 2019[55] 19 Democratic Alliance Democratic Alliance
82 Democratic Alliance Democratic Alliance
11 November 2020[56][Note 4] 14 Democratic Alliance Democratic Alliance
51 ANC ANC
88 ANC ANC
9 December 2020[57] 115 Democratic Alliance Democratic Alliance

November 2018 mayoral election

On 31 October 2018, incumbent Mayor Patricia de Lille resigned. An election was held on 6 November 2018 to determine her successor. It was subsequently won by former Mayor, Dan Plato. The candidates nominated were:

The results were as follows.

Candidate Votes %
Dan Plato (DA) 146 72.3%
Xolani Sotashe (ANC) 53 26.2%
Grant Haskin (ACDP) 3 1.5%
Total 202 100%
Valid votes 202 97.1%
Spoilt ballots 6 2.9%
Total votes cast 208 100%

Notes

  1. The former councillor was re-elected to the ward on behalf of a different party.
  2. The ANC could not stand candidates in this by-election due to a failure to submit paperwork on time.
  3. The former councillor was re-elected to the ward nominally as an independent, but in fact on behalf of COPE, which was not yet a registered party. See http://www.politicsweb.co.za/documents/full-western-cape-byelection-results.
  4. By-election was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

References

  1. "Seat Calculation Summary: City of Cape Town" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
  2. "Full election results: 2000 Municipal Elections" (CSV). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
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  4. "By-elections 15 Aug 2001 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
  5. "By-elections 28 Aug 2002 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
  6. "2002 Detailed Floor Crossing Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
  7. "By-elections 07 May 2003 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
  8. "By-elections 11 Feb 2004 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
  9. "By-elections 23 Jun 2004 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
  10. "2004 Floor Crossing - Summary report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
  11. "By-elections 24 Nov 2004 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
  12. "By-elections 07 Sep 2005 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
  13. van Onselen, Gareth (11 July 2016). "Anatomy of a coalition coup: Are there lessons ahead of the August election?". BusinessDay. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
  14. "Seat Calculation Summary: City of Cape Town" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
  15. "Full election results: 2006 Municipal Elections" (CSV). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
  16. "By-elections 07 Jun 2006 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
  17. "By-elections 07 Feb 2007 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
  18. "2007 Floor Crossing - Summary report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
  19. "By-elections 19 Mar 2008 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
  20. "By-elections 16 Jul 2008 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
  21. "By-elections 10 Dec 2008 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
  22. "By-elections 25 Mar 2009 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
  23. "By-elections 06 May 2009 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
  24. "By-elections 24 Jun 2009 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
  25. "By-elections 18 Nov 2009 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
  26. "By-elections 26 May 2010 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
  27. "By-elections 21 Jul 2010 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
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  29. "By-elections 08 Dec 2010 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
  30. "Results Summary – All Ballots: City of Cape Town" (PDF). Independent Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
  31. "Seat Calculation Detail: City of Cape Town" (PDF). Independent Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
  32. "By-elections 07 Dec 2011 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
  33. "By-elections 18 Jan 2012 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
  34. "By-elections 25 Apr 2012 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
  35. "By-elections 19 Sep 2012 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
  36. "By-elections 30 Jan 2013 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
  37. "By-elections 22 May 2013 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
  38. "By-elections 19 Feb 2014 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
  39. "By-elections 28 May 2014 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
  40. "By-elections 13 Aug 2014 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
  41. "By-elections 05 Nov 2014 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
  42. "By-elections 01 Apr 2015 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
  43. "By-elections 09 Dec 2015 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
  44. "Results Summary – All Ballots: City of Cape Town" (PDF). Independent Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
  45. "Seat Calculation Detail: City of Cape Town" (PDF). Independent Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
  46. "By-elections 09 Nov 2016 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
  47. "By-elections 02 Aug 2017 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 10 December 2020.
  48. "By-elections 20 Sep 2017 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 10 December 2020.
  49. "By-elections 15 Nov 2017 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 10 December 2020.
  50. "By-elections 29 Nov 2017 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 10 December 2020.
  51. "By-elections 16 Jan 2019 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 10 December 2020.
  52. "By-elections 13 Feb 2019 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 10 December 2020.
  53. "By-elections 19 Jun 2019 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 10 December 2020.
  54. "By-elections 21 Aug 2019 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 10 December 2020.
  55. "By-elections 13 Nov 2019 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 10 December 2020.
  56. "By-elections 11 Nov 2020 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 10 December 2020.
  57. "By-elections 09 Dec 2020 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 10 December 2020.
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