Bosavi languages
The Bosavi or Papuan Plateau languages are a family of the Trans–New Guinea languages in the classifications of Malcolm Ross and Timothy Usher. The family is named after Mount Bosavi and the Papuan Plateau.
| Bosavi | |
|---|---|
| Papuan Plateau | |
| Geographic distribution | Papuan Plateau, Papua New Guinea |
| Linguistic classification | Trans–New Guinea
|
| Glottolog | bosa1245 |
 Map: The Bosavi languages of New Guinea
The Bosavi languages
Other Trans–New Guinea languages
Other Papuan languages
Austronesian languages
Uninhabited | |
Languages
The languages, which are closely related (though they may have only 10–15% of their vocabulary in common), are:[1]
- Mount Bosavi: Kaluli–Sonia, Aimele (Kware), Kasua
- Onobasulu
- Mount Sisa: Edolo–Beami
- Dibiyaso (Bainapi)
The unity of the Bosavi languages was quantitatively demonstrated by Evans and Greenhill (2017).[2]
Palmer et al. (2018) consider Dibiyaso to be a language isolate.[3]
Pronouns
Pronouns are:
sg pl 1 *na *ni- 2 *ga *gi- 3 *ya *yi-
Vocabulary comparison
The following basic vocabulary words are from the Trans-New Guinea database:[4]
| gloss | Aimele | Beami | Biami | Edolo | Kaluli | Kaluli (Bosavi dialect) | Kasua | Onabasulu | Sonia |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| head | mufa | tialuna; tiaruma | taluba | b~pusʌ | mise; misẽ | pesʌi | bizei; pesai | kuni | eneipi |
| hair | mufa fɔnɔ | hinabu; osa | hinabo | b~pusʌ heni | misẽ fɔ̃; mise foon | medafɔn | bizei fʌnu; pesaifano | alu; kuni alu | eneipi fɔn |
| ear | keleni | kẽ | kȩ | kɛhe | kenẽ; malo | kælæn | kenane; kinɛli | kɔheni; koneni | ekadem |
| eye | si | si | sii | si | si | si | si | si | |
| nose | migi | mi | mi | migʌni | migi | mi; mĩ | mi; mĩ | miki | |
| tooth | bisi | pese; pẽsẽ | pese | p~bese | beso; bis | pes | apa | pese | ʌnenʌ |
| tongue | dabisẽ | eri; kɔnɛ̃su | kona̧su | eli | eʌn; sano | inem | tepe; tepɛ | eane; ɛane | tʌbise |
| leg | inebi | emo | emo | emɔ | gidaafoo; gip | onatu; unɛtu | emo; emɔ | eisep | |
| louse | tede | imu | imu | imũ | fe; fẽ | tekeape | arupai; pfɛi | (fe); fẽ | fi |
| dog | ãgi | wæːme; weːme | wæmi | ɔgɔnɔ | gasa; kasʌ | kasa | kasoro; kʌsoro | gesu; kesɔ | wɛi |
| pig | kẽ | gebɔ | suguʌ | kabɔ | kɔpɔľɔ | tɔfene | kɛ | ||
| bird | abɔ | mæni | hega; mæni | hayʌ | ɔ̃bẽ; oloone; oobaa | anemae; ɛnim | haga; haka | ʌbɔ | |
| egg | abɔ us̪u | ɔsɔ | oso | isɔ | ɔ̃bẽ uš; us | natape; ufu | hokaisu; sɔ | ʌtʌm | |
| blood | omani | hæːľe | heale | hiʌle | hɔbɔ; hooboo | bebetʌ; pepeta | ibi | hʌbʌ | |
| bone | ki | kasa; koso | kasa | kiwiː | ki | ki; kiː | kiwi | uku | |
| skin | kãfu | kadofo; kadɔfɔ | kadofo | kʌdɔfɔ | dɔgɔf; toogoof | kapo | kapo; kʌːpɔ | tomola; tɔmɔla | ʌkʌf |
| breast | buː | toto; tɔtɔ | toto | tɔtɔ | bo; bu | bo | bɔ; po | bu | bɔ |
| tree | yebe | ifa | ifa | i | i | i; tai | i | yep | |
| man | kɔlu | tunu | tunu̧ | tɔnɔ | kalu | senae; senɛ | inɔlɔ; inoro | ʌsenʌ | |
| woman | kaisale | uda | uda | udia | ga; kesali; kesari | kesare; kesʌľe | ido; idɔ | nʌisɔʌ | |
| sun | ofɔ | esɔ; eṣɔ | eso | esɔ | of; ɔf | opo | ɔbɔ; opo | haro; hɔlɔ | of |
| moon | ole | aubi | awbi | aube | ili | kunɛi; opo | aube; aubo | weľe | |
| water | hãni | hãlɔ̃; harõ | ha̧lo | ɔ̃tã | hɔ̃n; hoon | hoŋ | hano; hʌnɔ̃ | hano; hanɔ | mɔ͂ |
| fire | di | daru; nalu | dalu | nulu | de; di | de | homatos; tei | de; ti | de |
| stone | dɔa | igi | kele | igi | u | etewʌ; etoa | abane | ka | |
| road, path | nɔgo | isu | |||||||
| name | wi | diɔ; diɔ̃ | dio | ẽi | wi | unũ | wi | imi | |
| eat | mayã | na; naha | na-imo- | nahãː | maya | kinatapo; mɛnẽ | namana; namena | menʌ | |
| one | ageli | afai | afa̧i̧ | age | ãgel; angel | semeti; tekeape | agale | itidi | |
| two | ageleweli | adunã | aduna | agedu | a̧dep; ãdip | ɛľipi | aganebo; aida | ani |
References
- New Guinea World
- Evans, Bethwyn; Greenhill, Simon (2017). "A combined comparative and phylogenetic analysis of the Bosavi and East Strickland languages" (PDF). 4th Workshop on the Languages of Papua. Universitas Negeri Papua, Manokwari, West Papua, Indonesia.
- Palmer, Bill (2018). "Language families of the New Guinea Area". In Palmer, Bill (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 1–20. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.
- Greenhill, Simon (2016). "TransNewGuinea.org - database of the languages of New Guinea". Retrieved 2020-11-05.
- Ross, Malcolm (2005). "Pronouns as a preliminary diagnostic for grouping Papuan languages". In Andrew Pawley; Robert Attenborough; Robin Hide; Jack Golson (eds.). Papuan pasts: cultural, linguistic and biological histories of Papuan-speaking peoples. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. pp. 15–66. ISBN 0858835622. OCLC 67292782.
- Shaw, R.D. "The Bosavi language family". In Laycock, D., Seiler, W., Bruce, L., Chlenov, M., Shaw, R.D., Holzknecht, S., Scott, G., Nekitel, O., Wurm, S.A., Goldman, L. and Fingleton, J. editors, Papers in New Guinea Linguistics No. 24. A-70:45-76. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1986. doi:10.15144/PL-A70.45
- Shaw, R.D. "A Tentative Classification of the Languages of the Mt Bosavi Region". In Franklin, K. editor, The linguistic situation in the Gulf District and adjacent areas, Papua New Guinea. C-26:187-215. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1973. doi:10.15144/PL-C26.187
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.