Koiarian languages

The Koiarian languages /kɔɪˈɑːriən/[2] Koiari are a small family of Trans–New Guinea languages spoken in the "Bird's Tail" (southeastern peninsula) of New Guinea. They are classified within the Southeast Papuan branch of Trans–New Guinea.

Koiarian
Koiari – Managalas Plateau
Geographic
distribution		Southeastern peninsula of Papua New Guinea:
Central Province and Oro Province
Linguistic classificationTrans–New Guinea
Subdivisions
  • Koiari
  • Baraic (Managalas Plateau)
Glottologkoia1260

Languages

The languages are:

Dutton (2010) classifies the Koiarian languages as:[3]:3

Proto-language

Pronouns

Usher (2020) reconstructs the pronouns as:[1]

sgpl
1 *na*no
2 *a*ja
3 *aɸu*[i/e]abu

Vocabulary

The following basic vocabulary words of Proto-Koiarian and other lower-level reconstructions are from the Trans-New Guinea database:[4]

glossProto-KoiarianProto-KoiariacProto-Baraic
head *kina
hair *fómo
ear *gada
eye *ni
nose *uri
tooth *gubai
tongue *bitarV
leg *díʔ-
louse *ʔumu
dog *to*(ʔ,k)uo
pig *ofo*mafV
bird *ugu[fa]
egg *uni
blood *taɣo
bone *(ʔ)adV
skin *vata
breast *amu*m(u,o)sV
tree *idí
man *ata*baru
woman *maɣina*nigi
sun *vani*maja-; *ve
moon *bata
water *[i]do
fire *vené
stone *muni
road, path *ɣuma
name *ifí
eat *i-
one *(i,o)gau
two *abu(t)i*inoki

Evolution

Koiarian reflexes of proto-Trans-New Guinea (pTNG) etyma are:[5]

Koiari language:

  • muka ‘lump’ < *maŋgV ‘round object’
  • uni ‘egg’ < *mun(a,i,u)ka
  • idu ‘tree’ < *inda
  • iya ‘cassowary’ < *ku(y)a
  • karika ‘dry’ < *(ŋg,k)atata
  • muni ‘stone < *(na)muna
  • nana ‘older same-sex sibling’ < *nan(a,i)
  • u-tuvu ‘ashes’ < *kambu-sumbu

Managalasi language:

  • ata ‘bone’ < *kondaC
  • muka ‘lump’ < *maŋgV ‘round object’
  • iha ‘name’ < *imbi
  • uma ‘louse’ < *iman
  • uka ‘bird’ < *yaka
  • tuua ‘short’ < *tukumba[C]
  • muna ‘stone’ < *(na)muna
  • ija ‘tree’ < *inda
  • otoka ‘knee’ < *(k,ŋg)atuk
  • kora ‘dry’ < *(ŋg,k)atata

Phonotactics

Like the Binanderean languages, Barai and other Koiarian languages only allow for open syllables and do not allow final CVC.[5]:87

References
  1. New Guinea World, Owen Stanley Range
  2. Laurie Bauer, 2007, The Linguistics Student’s Handbook, Edinburgh
  3. Dutton, Tom. 2010. Reconstructing Proto Koiarian: The history of a Papuan language family. (Pacific Linguistics, 610.) Canberra: Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University
  4. Greenhill, Simon (2016). "TransNewGuinea.org - database of the languages of New Guinea". Retrieved 2020-11-05.
  5. Pawley, Andrew; Hammarström, Harald (2018). "The Trans New Guinea family". In Palmer, Bill (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 21–196. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.

Further reading
  • Proto-Koiarian. TransNewGuinea.org. From Dutton, T.E. 2010. Reconstructing Proto Koiarian: The history of a Papuan language family, Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.
  • Proto-Koiariac. TransNewGuinea.org. From Dutton, T.E. 2010. Reconstructing Proto Koiarian: The history of a Papuan language family, Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.
  • Proto-Baraic. TransNewGuinea.org. From Dutton, T.E. 2010. Reconstructing Proto Koiarian: The history of a Papuan language family, Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.
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