Eswatini–Turkey relations
Eswatini–Turkey relations are the foreign relations between Eswatini and Turkey. The Turkish ambassador in Pretoria, South Africa is also accredited to Eswatini.[1] Eswatini’s embassy in Brussels is also accredited to Turkey.[1]
Eswatini |
Turkey |
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Diplomatic Relations
Turkey and Eswatini have traditionally enjoyed friendly relations. Turkey has been very supportive of Ngwenyama Sobhuza II, who opposed nationalization of private property[2] and sincerely foster friendly relations between European and Swazi communities.[3] While not explicitly subscribing to Ngwenyama Sobhuza II’s contention that Swazis needed the White settlers for the economic development of the territory, Turkey maintained that private property, regardless of the race of the owner, must be protected.[4]
While opposing[5] South Africa’s stated goals in trying to contain nationalism[6] in Swaziland at all costs, Turkey shared Ngwenyama Sobhuza II’s concern that the emergence of radical nationalism such as that of Mau Mau.[7]
Economic Relations
- Trade volume between the two countries was 306 thousand USD in 2019 (Turkish exports/imports: 153/153 million USD).[1]
References
- "Relations between Turkey and Eswatini". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey.
- Daniel, J. ‘The Political Economy of Colonial and Post-colonial Swaziland’, South African Labour Bulletin, 7, 6 (1982), pp. 90–113.
- Kuper, H. Sobhuza II Ngwenyama and King of Swaziland: The Story of an Hereditary Ruler and His Country (London: Gerald Duckworth and Co. Ltd., 2018).
- Kuper, H. Sobhuza II Ngwenyama and King of Swaziland: The Story of an Hereditary Ruler and His Country (London: Gerald Duckworth and Co. Ltd., 2018).
- Acheampong, K. A., and Domson-Lindsay, A. K. ‘Unlocking the Security Puzzle in Swaziland: The Centrality of Human Rights and Democracy’, African Security Review, 20, 3 (2011), pp. 3–14.
- Crush, Jonathan. The Struggle for Swazi Labour, 1890–1920. Kingston, 1987.
- Crush, Jonathan. The Struggle for Swazi Labour, 1890–1920. Kingston, 1987.
Further reading
- Acheampong, K. A., and Domson-Lindsay, A. K. ‘Unlocking the Security Puzzle in Swaziland: The Centrality of Human Rights and Democracy’, African Security Review, 20, 3 (2011), pp. 3–14.
- Awasom, N. F. ‘Politics and Constitution-Making in Francophone Cameroon, 1959–1960’, Africa Today (2002), pp. 3–30.
- Baloro, J. ‘The Development of Swaziland’s Constitution: Monarchical Response to Modern Challenges’, Journal of African Law, 38, 1 (1994), pp. 19–34.
- Bonner, P. Kings, Commoners and Concessionaires: The Evolution and Dissolution of the Nineteenth-Century Swazi State. Vol. 31 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002).
- Crook, R. C. ‘Decolonization, the Colonial State, and Chieftaincy in the Gold Coast’, African Affairs, 85, 338 (1986), pp. 75–106.
- Crush, Jonathan. The Struggle for Swazi Labour, 1890–1920. Kingston, 1987.
- Daniel, J. ‘The Political Economy of Colonial and Post-colonial Swaziland’, South African Labour Bulletin, 7, 6 (1982), pp. 90–113.
- Dearaujo, E. ‘Chaotic Congo’, Harvard International Review, 23, 3 (2001), p. 10.
- Decalo, S. Psychoses of Power: African Personal Dictatorships. Vol. 3 (Boulder: Florida Academic Press, 1998).
- Dixit, K. M. ‘Absolute Monarchy to Absolute Democracy’, Economic and Political Weekly (2005), pp. 1506–1510.
- Dlamini, H. P. ‘Constitutional Developments in the Kingdom of Swaziland 1960–2005’ (PhD thesis, University of Pretoria, 2016).
- Dlamini, H. P. ‘The Tinkhundla Monarchical Democracy: An African System of Good Governance?’, In O. Bialostocka (ed.), New African Thinkers Agenda 2063: Culture at the Heart of Sustainable Development (Cape Town: HSRC Press, 2018).
- Dlamini, I. G. ‘Socio-economic and Political Constraint on Constitutional Reform in Swaziland’ (MA thesis, University of West Cape, 2005).
- Domson-Lindsay, A. K. ‘Neopatrimonialism and the Swazi State’, Politeia (02568845), 32, 3 (2013).
- Ezera, K. Constitutional Developments in Nigeria (London: Cambridge University Press, 1964).
- Fombad, C. M. ‘The Swaziland Constitution of 2005: Can Absolutism Be Reconciled with Modern Constitutionalism?’, South African Journal on Human Rights, 23, 1 (2007), pp. 93–115.
- Goudie, A. The Atlas of Swaziland. No. 4. Swaziland National Trust Commission, 1983.
- Hlatshwayo, V. S. ‘The Reality of Media Freedom in Swaziland Under the New Constitutional Dispensation’ (MA thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011), p. 31.
- Kuper, H. Sobhuza II Ngwenyama and King of Swaziland: The Story of an Hereditary Ruler and His Country (London: Gerald Duckworth and Co. Ltd., 2018).
- MacDowell, W. H. Historical Research: A Guide (London: Longman, 2002), p. 57.
- Macmillan, H. ‘Swaziland: Decolonization and Triumph of “Tradition”’, Journal of Modern African Studies, 23, 4 (1985), pp. 643–666.
- Maseko, T. ‘The Drafting of the Constitution of Swaziland, 2005’, African Human Rights Law Journal (2005), pp. 312–363.
- Masuku, B., and Limb, P. ‘Swaziland: The Struggle for Political Freedom and Democracy’, Review of African Political Economy, 43, 149 (2016), pp. 518–527.
- Matsebula, J. A History of Swaziland. 3d ed. Cape Town, 2018.
- Motsamai, D. ‘Swaziland’s Non-Party Political System and the 2013 Tinkhundla Elections Breaking the SADC Impasse?’, Africa Portal (2012).
- Mthembu, M. V. ‘Participation of Swazi Women in the Traditional Public Sphere, Sibaya, in the Kingdom of Swaziland’, Communicare: Journal for Communication Sciences in Southern Africa, 37, 1 (2018), 74–93.
- Mzizi, J. B. ‘Leadership, Civil Society and Democratisation in Swaziland’, Development Policy Management Forum (DPMF), 2002.
- Potholm, C. P. Swaziland: The Dynamics of Political Modernization (London: University of California Press, 1972).
- Potholm, C. P. ‘Swaziland Under Sobhuza II: The Future of an African Monarchy’, The Round Table: The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs, 64, 254 (1974), 219–227.
- Stevens, R. P. ‘Swaziland Political Development’, The Journal of Modern African Studies, 1, 3 (1963), 327–350.
- Zwane, T. M. J. ‘The Struggle for Power in Swaziland’, Africa Today (1964), pp. 4–6.