Fuxing (train)

Fuxing (Chinese: 复兴号) (also known as the CR series EMU, or as the Fuxing Hao) is a series of high-speed and higher-speed EMU trains operated by China Railway High-speed (CRH) and developed by CRRC, which owns the independent intellectual property rights.[2] Initially known as the China Standardized EMU, development on the project started in 2012, and the design plan was finished in September 2014. The first EMU rolled off the production line on 30 June 2015.[3][4] The series received its current designation of Fuxing in June 2017, with nicknames such as "Blue/Red Dolphin" (CR400AF) and "Golden Phoenix" (CR400BF) for certain units.[5] It is the world's fastest conventional high speed train in regular service, with a operating speed of 350 km/h (220 mph) for the CR400AF and CR400BF models.[6]

This article is about the train brand. For the rail service operator, see China Railway (CR).

Fuxing (Rejuvenation)
CR400AF-2001 departing Beijing South railway station as G123
In serviceAugust 15, 2016 – Present
ManufacturerCRRC Qingdao Sifang
CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles
CRRC Tangshan Railway Vehicle
FormationCR400AF/BF: 8 cars/trainset (4M4T)[1]
CR400AF–A/BF–A: 16 cars/trainset (8M8T)
CR400AF–B/BF–B: 17 cars/trainset (8M9T)
CapacityCR400AF/BF: 556 or 576
CR400AF–A/BF–A: 1193
CR400AF–B/BF–B: 1283
Operator(s)China Railway Corporation
Kereta Cepat Indonesia - China
Line(s) servedBeijing–Shanghai high-speed railway
Beijing–Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong high-speed railway
Beijing–Tianjin intercity railway
Xuzhou-Lanzhou high-speed railway
Shanghai-Kunming high-speed railway
Guangzhou-Zhuhai intercity railway
Guiyang-Guangzhou high-speed railway
Jinan-Qingdao high-speed railway
Jakarta-Bandung high-speed railway (2021)
Specifications
Train lengthCR400AF: 209 m (685 ft 8 in)[1]
CR400AF–A: 414 m (1,358 ft 3 in)
CR400BF: 209.06 m (685 ft 11 in)
CR400BF–A: 414.26 m (1,359 ft 1 in)
CR400AF–B: 439.9 m (1,443 ft 3 in)
CR400BF–B: 439.9 m (1,443 ft 3 in)
Width3,360 mm (11 ft 0 in)[1]
Height4,050 mm (13 ft 3 in)[1]
Platform height1,250 mm (4 ft 1.2 in)
Maximum speed420 km/h (260 mph) (Record)

400 km/h (250 mph) (Design)

350 km/h (220 mph) (Service)
Axle load<17 t
(16.7 long tons; 18.7 short tons)[1]
Electric system(s)25 kV 50 Hz AC Overhead catenary
Current collection methodPantograph
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Fuxing
Simplified Chinese复兴号
Traditional Chinese復興號
Literal meaningRejuvenation
Alternative Chinese name
Simplified Chinese中国标准动车组
Traditional Chinese中國標準動車組
Literal meaningChina Standardized EMU

History

Background

In 2007, China's Ministry of Railways drafted a plan for China's future high-speed network. Bombardier Transportation, Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Alstom and later Siemens joined the high-speed train manufacture project later known as Hexie (simplified Chinese: 和谐号; traditional Chinese: 和諧號; pinyin: Héxié Hào; lit. 'Harmony'). Forming a joint-venture with Chinese company CNR and CSR, four foreign companies signed an agreement with China to manufacture high-speed trains for China as well as provide assistance to a Chinese company to manufacture train cars locally in the future.

Some of the Hexie (Harmony) train sets are manufactured locally through technology transfer, a key requirement for China. The signalling, track and support structures, control software, and station design are developed domestically with additional foreign elements. By 2010, the track system as a whole was predominantly Chinese.[7] China currently holds many new patents related to the internal components of these trains, re-designed in China to allow the trains to run at higher speeds than the foreign designs allowed.

However, most of Hexie's (Harmony's) patents are only valid within China, and as such hold no international power. The weakness of intellectual property of Hexie causes obstacles for China to export its high-speed rail related technology, which led to the development of the completely redesigned train brand called Fuxing (simplified Chinese: 复兴号; traditional Chinese: 復興號; pinyin: Fùxīng Hào; lit. 'Rejuvenation') that is based on local technology.[7][8][9][10]

Development

Started in 2012, CNR Changchun Railway Vehicles (now CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles), under the guidance of China Railway Corporation, with a collection of enterprises, universities, and research institutes, carried out the development of a more advanced China Standardized EMU. In December 2013, CRRC Changchun completed developing the general technical conditions for EMUs, and completed the plan design in September 2014.[1][11] The new EMU was rolled off the production line on 30 June 2015.[3]

According to the arrangement for the China Standardized EMU research and development work, the EMUs will receive 600,000-km experimental verification and optimization.[11] They started to experimental work at National Railway Test Center of China Academy of Railway in Beijing after they rolled off, and they were tested at up to 160 km/h.[12][13]

On 18 November 2015, the China Standardized EMU hit a speed of 385 km/h and passed the high speed test on Datong–Xi'an Passenger Railway. The EMU was tested under complicated conditions, including on bridges, in tunnels, and on slopes and turns.[4][14]

On 15 July 2016, the two China Standardized EMUs in opposite directions passed each other at 420 km/h (relative speed to one another of 840 km/h) during test runs on Zhengzhou–Xuzhou high-speed railway.[5][13][15]

Commercialization
Fuxing begins its operation on Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway since 28 June 2017. Train G155 by Shanghai-based CR400BF from Beijing South railway station arrives at Shanghai Hongqiao railway station

On 15 August 2016, the China Standardized EMU has started operation on Harbin–Dalian High-Speed Railway. The train was running as Train No. G8041 departed from Dalian North railway station to Shenyang railway station.[13][16]

From the end of 2016 to the beginning of 2017, several subsidiaries of CRRC gained licences from the National Railway Administration to produce the rolling stocks.[17][18][19]

The China Standardized EMU started its experimental long haul service on Beijing–Hong Kong High-Speed Railway on 25 February 2017.

On June 25, 2017, the official public name of the China Standardized EMU is unveiled as "Fuxing".[20] Signaling a departure from the "和谐号" (Harmony) branding of previous high speed trains. The next day, a CR400AF departed on its maiden journey from the Beijing South railway station, traveling toward Shanghai, at the same time a CR400BF left Shanghai Hongqiao railway station on its maiden journey bound for Beijing.[2]

After extensive testing since its debut, 350 km/h operation returned to the Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway using Fuxing trains on September 21, 2017, once again making the Chinese high speed railway network the fastest in the world.[21]

Specifications and technical features

An 8-car Fuxing set is 209 m (686 ft) long, 3360mm wide and 4060mm high. It has an axleload of less than 17 tonnes. The train can carry 556 passengers, with 10 in business class, 28 in first class, and 518 in second class.[13] The train also reduces energy consumption, and adopts a standard parts design. It also has reinforced safety features compared with other EMUs.[16]

The spacing of seats of Fuxing (Rejuvenation) is larger than Hexie (Harmony), with the first class at 1160 mm and the second class 1020 mm. It also provides Wi-Fi access.[1]

Variants

All variants of Fuxing train are compatible. The EMU models shares the same standard required by China Railway Corporation, hence the name China Standardized EMU.

CR400AF-2016 departing Shanghai railway station as G6
CR400AF
One of two initial production models with standard maximum speed of 400 km/h. It is manufactured by CRRC Qingdao Sifang.[22][23]
CR400AF–A
16-car version manufactured by CRRC Qingdao Sifang.[24] The first CR400AF-A started operation in July 2018 on the Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway. These sets are 415 m (1,362 ft) long and have a passenger capacity of 1,193 passengers.[25]
CR400AF–B
17-car version manufactured by CRRC Qingdao Sifang. Testing started in 2018[26] and entered passenger service in 2019 in response to high passenger demand on the Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway.[27][26] These sets are 440 m (1,440 ft) and have a passenger capacity of 1,283 people.[28]
CR400BF
One of two initial production models with standard maximum speed of 400 km/h. It is manufactured by CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles.
CR400BF–A
16-car version manufactured by CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles.[24] Testing of this variant started on March 9, 2018.[29] The first CR400BF-B started operation of the Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway on June 29, 2018.[30] These sets are 415 m (1,362 ft) and have a passenger capacity of 1,193 people.[30]
CR400BF–B
17-car version. It is manufactured by CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles.[31]
CR400BF-C at Platform 3 of the Beijing North railway station
CR400BF–C
An 8-car ATO enabled version with redesigned interior and exterior used on the Beijing–Zhangjiakou intercity railway in preparation for the 2022 Winter Olympics.[32] The interior design incorporates snow and ice elements with blue ambient light. The train is also equipped with high-definition LED destination displays, wireless charging for business class seats, and smart glass windows. Additional features include snowboard storage and urine sampling areas.[33][34] The trains are manufactured by CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles. CR400BF–C started operating on December 30, 2019, with the opening of the Beijing–Zhangjiakou ICR.[35]
CR400BF-G at Dalian North railway station
CR400BF–G
8-car cold resistant version manufactured by CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles.[36] Shares same exterior style as the CR400BF.
CR200J
Introduced in 2019, this 200 km/h higher-speed version is designed by CRRC Nanjing Puzhen, CRRC Qingdao Sifang, CRRC Tangshan, CRRC Zhuzhou Locomotive, CRRC Datong and CRRC Dalian.[31]
CR300AF
Introduced in 2018, Prototype model with standard maximum speed of 300 km/h. It is manufactured by CRRC Qingdao Sifang.
CR300BF
Introduced in 2018, Prototype model with standard maximum speed of 300 km/h. It is manufactured by CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles.[31]
Train type Car dimensions Total length Top speed Seating capacity Formation Power output
(under 25 kV)		 Entry into Service
CR400AF/AF–A/AF–B
CR400AF End cars length: 27,910 mm (91 ft 7 in)
Inter cars length: 25,650 mm (84 ft 2 in)
Width: 3,360 mm (11 ft 0 in)
Height: 4,050 mm (13 ft 3 in)		 Calculated: 209.72 m (688 ft 1 in)
Real: 209 m (685 ft 8 in)		 Test: 420 km/h (260 mph)
Design: 400 km/h (250 mph)
Continuous operation: 400 km/h (250 mph)
Current operation: 350 km/h (220 mph)		 556: 10 business, 28 first and 518 standard
576: 10 business, 28 first and 538 standard
392: 10 business, 24 first and 358 standard		 4M4T 10.4 MW (13,900 hp) August 15, 2016
CR400AF–A Calculated: 414.92 m (1,361 ft 3 in)
Real: 414 m (1,358 ft 3 in)		 1193: 22 business, 148 first and 1023 standard 8M8T 19.2 MW (25,700 hp) June 16, 2018
CR400AF–B Calculated: 438.928 m (1,440 ft 0.6 in)
Real: 439.8 m (1,442 ft 11 in)		 1283: 22 business, 148 first and 1113 standard 8M9T January 5, 2019
CR400BF/BF–A/BF–B/BF–C/BF–E/BF–G
CR400BF End cars length: 27,089 mm (88 ft 10.5 in)
Inter cars length: 25,650 mm (84 ft 2 in)
Width: 3,360 mm (11 ft 0 in)
Height: 4,050 mm (13 ft 3 in)		 Calculated: 208.078 m (682 ft 8.0 in)
Real: 209 m (685 ft 8 in)		 Test: 420 km/h (260 mph)
Design: 400 km/h (250 mph)
Continuous operation: 400 km/h (250 mph)
Current operation: 350 km/h (220 mph)		 556: 10 business, 28 first and 518 standard
576: 10 business, 28 first and 538 standard		 4M4T 10.14 MW (13,600 hp) August 15, 2016
CR400BF–C 576: 10 business, 28 first and 538 standard
541: 10 business, 28 first and 503 standard		 December 30, 2019
CR400BF–G 576: 10 business, 28 first and 538 standard June 9, 2019
CR400BF–A Calculated: 413.278 m (1,355 ft 10.8 in)
Real: 414 m (1,358 ft 3 in)		 1193: 22 business, 148 first and 1023 standard 8M8T 20.28 MW (27,200 hp) June 12, 2018
CR400BF–E 880: 880 soft sleepers Under testing
CR400BF–B Calculated: 438.928 m (1,440 ft 0.6 in)
Real: 439.8 m (1,442 ft 11 in)		 1283: 22 business, 148 first and 1113 standard 8M9T January 5, 2019
CR200J
CR200J (Short) Power cars length: 20,000 mm (65 ft 7 in)
Inter cars length: 25,500 mm (83 ft 8 in)
Control car length: 27,955 mm (91 ft 8.6 in)
Width: 3,105 mm (10 ft 2.2 in)
Height: 4,433 mm (14 ft 6.5 in)		 Calculated: 226.455 m (742 ft 11.6 in)
Real: 234 m (767 ft 9 in)		 Test: N/A
Design: 210 km/h (130 mph)
Continuous operation: 160 km/h (99 mph)
Current operation: 160 km/h (99 mph)		 690: 690 standard 1M7T1Tc TBD January ?, 2019
CR200J (Long) Calculated: 448 m (1,469 ft 10 in)
Real: 518 m (1,699 ft 6 in)		 918: 242 standard seats, 280 first class sleepers and 396 second class sleepers 2M16T TBD

Incidents and equipment issues
  • On 8 February 2018, a train numbered G89 from Beijing West railway station to Chengdu East railway station, serviced by CR400BF-5033 (with 576 seats), was forced to discontinue its journey at Xi'an North railway station, due to a mechanical malfunction (hot box). No passengers were injured. Passengers were then transferred to a CRH380B trainset with only 556 seats.[37]
  • On 27 June 2018, train no. G123 from Beijing South railway station to Shanghai Hongqiao railway station was late by 49 minutes, as it sustained an equipment failure due to an earlier service G239 which is provided by Hexie type CRH380B EMU.[38]
  • On 12 August 2018, train no. G40 from Hangzhou East railway station to Beijing South railway station collided with a flying steel plate, which was blown away from a nearby construction site close to Langfang railway station. The flying steel plates not only damaged the train itself, but caused serious traffic disruptions on the Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway as the overhead catenary also sustained damages. Passengers were transferred to buses, while the damaged train was hauled to Beijing South railway station by a Dongfeng 11 diesel locomotive.[39]
  • On 26 September 2018 an inbound CR400BF-A trainset was unable to properly open its doors at Hong Kong West Kowloon railway station, as the platform edge reached beyond the track's structure gauge. The vehicle was redirected to a different platform. No injuries were reported.[40]
  • During the one week holiday of the National Day of the People's Republic of China (October 1–7, 2018), various services of Fuxing were forced to stop at intermediate stations along their routes, as they have been immobilized by the crowd of passengers, causing traffic disruptions. Unlike Hexie, Fuxing trains are equipped with devices that are capable of detecting certain levels of overcrowding, preventing them from any further movement to ensure safety until train staff manage to remove the necessary number of passengers.[41]
  • On 17 October 2018, China Railway Shanghai Group reported that it has implemented portable air quality measurement devices to monitor the level of hazardous fumes emitted by possibly substandard heat resistant surfaces in the passenger carriages as several complaints have been recorded by passengers and train drivers, stating the smell in the carriages is unbearable. Some passengers also suffered minor respiratory diseases such as coughing and sore throat.[42]

See also

References
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