Great Mound (Middletown, Ohio)

The Great Mound is a massive Native American mound in the southwestern part of the U.S. state of Ohio. Located in Section 19 of Madison Township in Butler County, it has a height of 88 feet (27 m) and a circumference of 511 feet (156 m).[2]:224 Its total volume is nearly 825,000 cubic feet (23,400 m3),[2]:224 making it the largest mound in Butler County and one of the largest in southwestern Ohio.[3] Because of the mound's height and its placement on a ridgeline, an individual at the summit can see for a great distance. In the late nineteenth century, it was theorized that mounds such as the Great Mound were built as observation or watch points, and that the builders maintained the ability to light fires atop the mounds as a method of communicating across wide distances.[2]:225 The potential of these mounds for long-distance communication was demonstrated in 1990 by three groups of volunteers. After climbing the Great Mound, the first group established visual contact with the Hill-Kinder Mound in Franklin (more than 11 miles (18 km) to the northeast[4]), from which point the observers of the second group contacted the third group atop the Miamisburg Mound near Dayton.[5]

Great Mound
Western side of the mound
Nearest cityMiddletown, Ohio
Coordinates39°30′55.8″N 84°28′34.5″W
Area1 acre (0.40 ha)
NRHP reference No.71000633[1]
Added to NRHPOctober 7, 1971

Built by the Adena culture, the Great Mound has been reduced by multiple instances of unofficial diggings. In 1879, locals removed a small portion of the mound's summit, finding artifacts such as bones and the remnants of fires. Later years saw the destruction of a more significant part of the top; today, only about 75% of the mound is free from disturbances. Nevertheless, the mound is believed to be a significant archaeological site; its size is believed to indicate the stability of the culture that built it and the dedication of its members to commemorating those buried within it.[3] In recognition of its archaeological value, the Great Mound was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.[1]

References
  1. "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. March 13, 2009.
  2. MacLean, J. P., The Mound Builders: Being an Account of a Remarkable People that Once Inhabited the Valleys of the Ohio and Mississippi, Together with an Investigation Into the Archæology of Butler County, O. Cincinnati: Clarke, 1879.
  3. Owen, Lorrie K., ed. Dictionary of Ohio Historic Places. Vol. 1. St. Clair Shores: Somerset, 1999, 90.
  4. DeLorme. Ohio Atlas & Gazetteer. 7th ed. Yarmouth: DeLorme, 2004, 64-65. ISBN 0-89933-281-1.
  5. Crout, George C. The Ancient Peoples, Madison Township Bicentennial Sketches. Middletown Historical Society, 1998. Accessed 2010-04-14.
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