January 1912

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January 17, 1912: Scott discovers that Amundsen reached the South Pole first
January 6, 1912: New Mexico becomes 47th state
January 22, 1912: The Overseas Railroad opens in Florida
January 11, 1912: American Textile workers unite in walkout

The following events occurred in January 1912:

January 1, 1912 (Monday)

January 2, 1912 (Tuesday)

January 3, 1912 (Wednesday)

January 4, 1912 (Thursday)

  • The Royal Charter of the Boy Scouts Association was granted by King George, granting corporate status to the British organization that had been founded in 1908.[15]
  • The Moon was at its closest point to Earth in the 20th century, at 221,451 miles distance (356,375 km). On March 2, 1984, the Moon would be furthest away during the century, at 252,731 miles. The closest approach in the 21st century was on November 14, 2016 at 221,535 miles, and the most distant took place on March 14, 2002 (252,728 miles).[16]

January 5, 1912 (Friday)

  • Dr. Sun Yat-sen issued the "Manifesto from the Republic of China to All Friendly Nations", shifting a change in its foreign policy with a promise to end the isolationism of the Manchu Emperors, and "to rejoin China with the international community".[17] On the same day, Dr. Sun met with women's suffragist Lin Zongsu and pledged to aid in allowing women the right to vote in the new republic.[18]
  • A colonial force of 200 men left the port of Dili for the inland to suppress a growing revolt in East Timor.[19]
  • The Tong Wars in New York City's Chinatown resumed, one year and two days after the January 3, 1911 truce between the Hip Sing and On Leong gangs. Lung Yu, the Vice-President of the Hip Sing Tong, was killed in a shootout at a gambling hall on 21 Pell Street.[20]
  • The Moscow Art Theatre opened with a production of Hamlet, a production that drew international acclaim and brought the theater company "to the world's stage."[21]

January 6, 1912 (Saturday)

January 7, 1912 (Sunday)

January 8, 1912 (Monday)

January 9, 1912 (Tuesday)

Equitable Building
  • The 130-foot tall Equitable Building, New York City's first skyscraper, was destroyed by a fast moving fire. The blaze had started at 5:00 in the morning, so the loss of life was low, but the offices of three of the nation's largest financial institutions — Equitable Life, Mercantile Safe Deposit, and many law firms — were destroyed. Fireproof vaults protected several billion dollars of securities, stocks and bonds from destruction.[31][32]
  • The Democratic National Committee announced that its presidential nominating convention would be held in Baltimore on June 25.[33]

January 10, 1912 (Wednesday)

January 11, 1912 (Thursday)

Caillaux
  • French Prime Minister Joseph Caillaux and his cabinet were forced to resign, two days after the French Senate concluded that he had secretly negotiated the give-away of French territory without the President's knowledge in working out a treaty with Germany. French Foreign Minister Justin de Selves declined to deny the accusations against Caillaux.[39]
  • The Russian steamer Russ, on its way across the Black Sea from Galați, Romania to Odessa, sank in with 172 people on board. Among the casualties were the new Consul General, Carl Anseff, and his family.[40]
  • Lawrence textile strike Receiving their paychecks a day before the rest of the employees at the Everett Mills Company in Lawrence, Massachusetts, mostly Polish-speaking women employed as weavers found that the company had cut their pay (already low, ranging from 9 12 cents to 20 cents per hour) after a new state law had gone into effect limiting the work week to 54 hours. The women immediately walked off the job. The next day, the strike would spread to the other companies in the city.[41]
  • Born: Abdul Haq Akorwi, Pakstani theologian, founder of the Darul Uloom Haqqania seminary, in Akora Khattak, British India (d. 1988)

January 12, 1912 (Friday)

January 13, 1912 (Saturday)

Poincare

January 14, 1912 (Sunday)

January 15, 1912 (Monday)

January 16, 1912 (Tuesday)

January 17, 1912 (Wednesday)

  • The British Antarctic Expedition, consisting of Robert Falcon Scott and his team of four explorers, reached the South Pole, only to find the flag of Norway that had been planted by the Norwegian Expedition led by Roald Amundsen. "The Pole," Scott wrote in his journal; "Yes, but under very different circumstances from those expected. We have had a horrible day." He added, "Great God! This is an awful place and terrible enough for us to have laboured to it without the reward of priority. Well, it is something to have got here. Now for the run home and a desperate struggle. I wonder if we can do it."[67]
  • French scientist Alexis Carrel, working at the Rockefeller Institute in New York City, removed a piece of the heart of a chicken embryo, then kept the fragment alive for the remaining 32 years of his life.[68] Carrel, who won the Nobel Prize later in the year (though not for the experiment), died on November 5, 1944. The tissue lasted until September 1946.[69]
  • France's Chamber of Deputies overwhelmingly approved the new government of Prime Minister Raymond Poincaré by a vote of 440-6.[70]

January 18, 1912 (Thursday)

January 19, 1912 (Friday)

January 20, 1912 (Saturday)

  • The first successful strike in Mexican history was settled after 25 days, as company owners agreed to reduce the workday to ten hours and increase weekly wages by ten percent.[83]
  • The second round of Reichstag elections began, with 77 seats, followed by 80 on Monday and concluding with 34 on January 25.[84]

January 21, 1912 (Sunday)

Conrad

January 22, 1912 (Monday)

Sun Yat-sen
Yuan Shih-kai
  • Sun Yat-sen and Yuan Shikai completed their negotiations on the unification of the Republic of China and the area in Northern China, with Dr. Sun agreeing to yield the presidency to Yuan upon the abdication of the Emperor.[87]
  • Four black residents were lynched in Hamilton, Georgia following the alleged murder of a white landowner,[88][89] who in some historical accounts has been a notorious sexual predator of black women in Harris County, Georgia.[90]
  • The Overseas Railroad carried its first passengers from Palm Beach to Key West with the completion of the six-year construction of the Key West Extension of the Florida East Coast Railway. Henry Flagler, the railway's owner, financed the seemingly impossible project of building bridges and landfill to lay 169 miles of railroad tracks across the waters to link the islands of the Florida Keys.[91] Flagler, 82, arrived with the other passengers at 10:43 to a cheering crowd of 10,000 people, and told the gathering, "Now I can die happy. My dream is fulfilled." He would pass away 1 year and 4 months later.[92]
  • Former Illinois Central Railroad company President J.T. Harahan and three other passengers were killed in a wreck near Kinmundy, Illinois when the private car of Vice-President F.O. Melcher of the Rock Island line was struck from behind by another train.[93]
  • Born: Demetrios Capetanakis, Greek poet, known for his poetry collection A Greek Poet In England, in Smyrna, Ottoman Empire (d. 1944)

January 23, 1912 (Tuesday)

  • The International Opium Convention was signed at The Hague by 12 nations.[94] The signatories resolved to work toward "the gradual suppression of the abuse of opium, morphine, cocaine, as also of the drugs prepared or derived from these substances which give rise or might give rise to similar abuses."[95]
  • The town of Forgan, Oklahoma, was incorporated as the end of the line for the Wichita Falls & Northwestern Railroad Company.[96]

January 24, 1912 (Wednesday)

January 25, 1912 (Thursday)

  • General Pedro Montero, who had been proclaimed President of Ecuador on December 29 by rebelling Ecuadorian troops, was sentenced to 16 years in prison following his court-martial in Guayaquil. Montero had been captured in battle three days earlier. As soon as former President Leónidas Plaza announced the military court's findings, members of the crowd outside protested that the sentence was too light. Several rushed in inside and shot General Montero to death, then carried his corpse outside, where the mob beheaded it and burned it in a bonfire.[100]
  • Norwegian Antarctic Expedition Roald Amundsen and his team of four men arrived back at their base at Framheim on the Bay of Whales, along with eleven surviving dogs. They left Antarctica on the Fram five days later.[101]
  • Voting in elections for the Reichstag was concluded, with the Socialists having the largest number of seats—100 out of 397, and the Radical and National Liberal parties having 44 and 47, for a total of 191, still short of a majority. Chancellor Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg was able to find a new government.[102]
  • Karl Grulich, German aviator, tripled the record for staying aloft with multiple passengers, flying for 1 hour and 35 minutes in a Harlan monoplane over Johannistal, Germany. The prior record had been 31 minutes by Frenchman M. Busson on March 10, 1911, at Rheims.[103]

January 26, 1912 (Friday)

January 27, 1912 (Saturday)

  • According to his own letter to the magazine Popular Astronomy, amateur astronomer Frank B. Harris was observing through his telescope and saw an object crossing the Moon, which he described as something that "was fully as black comparatively as marks on this paper, and in shape like a crow poised". Harris estimated it as being 250 miles long and 50 miles wide.[108] Although nobody else reported witnessing the phenomenon, the story has been repeated in the decades that followed. The briefly reported event has been described as something "that launched the 'modern' period of anomalous lunar happenings.[109]
  • Born:

January 28, 1912 (Sunday)

January 29, 1912 (Monday)

Darrow

January 30, 1912 (Tuesday)

January 31, 1912 (Wednesday)

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