KRL Commuterline

KRL Commuterline, or commonly known as Commuterline by Indonesians, is a commuter rail system for Greater Jakarta in Indonesia. It was previously known as KRL Jabodetabek. It is operated by PT Kereta Commuter Indonesia (KAI Commuter/KCI), a subsidiary of the Indonesian national railway company PT Kereta Api Indonesia (KAI). The rail system uses rolling stock of rapid transit standard and operates at high frequency with a minimum headway. In 2019, the average number of KRL users per day reaches average of 1.04 million, with a record of the highest number of users served in one day is 1,154,080.[6][7][8]

KRL Commuterline
Overview
Native nameKereta Rel Listrik (KRL) Jabodetabek
OwnerPT Kereta Api Indonesia (KAI)
LocaleJakarta metropolitan area
Transit typeCommuter rail
Number of lines6
Number of stations80 (6 inactive)
Daily ridership0.95 million (2017)[1]
(Highest 1.014 million, May 2017)[2]
Annual ridership315.8 million (2017)[3][4]
Websitehttp://www.krl.co.id/
Operation
Began operation6 April 1925 (Netherlands Indian Electric State Railways Tandjoengpriok–Meester Cornelis line);
1999 (under PT Kereta Api, as "Jabotabek Urban Transport Division");
15 September 2008 under PT KAI Commuter Jabodetabek (KCJ);
since 20 September 2017 under PT Kereta Commuter Indonesia (KCI)
Operator(s)PT Kereta Commuter Indonesia (KAI Commuter)
Train length8, 10 or 12 cars per trainset
Headway3 minute(s)- 1hour (Some routes)
Technical
System length418 km (260 mi)[5]
Track gauge1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in)
Electrification1,500 V DC overhead catenary
Top speed90 km/h (55 mph)
System map

"KRL" itself stands for "Kereta Rel Listrik" (literally "electric rail train" or "electric railcar"), a term for an electric multiple unit train.

History

Colonial era

In 1917, a plan to introduce electrified railway in Batavia was made by Dutch colonial railway company Staatsspoorwegen. A railway between Tanjung Priok to Meester Cornelis (Jatinegara) was the first line to be electrified. The construction began in 1923 and completed on 24 December 1924. The line was opened on 6 April 1925—in time for the SS 50th anniversary—with 3000-series locomotives from SLM–BBC (Swiss Locomotive and Machine Works – Brown Boveri & Cie), 3100-series electric locomotives from AEG Germany, 3200-series locomotives from Werkspoor Netherlands and passenger coaches from Westinghouse and General Electric.[9]

The electrification project continued and on 1 May 1927, all rail lines that surround Batavia has been fully electrified. Batavia Zuid station (now Jakarta Kota) was closed temporarily in 1926, was reopened on 8 October 1929. The last part of the electrification project, Batavia Zuid – Buitenzorg, was completed in 1930.[10] After independence in 1945, the railway operation was taken over by DKA (Djawatan Kereta Api Repoeblik Indonesia, Indonesian Railways Bureau, former name KAI).

Decline and revival

Transportation in Jakarta was at its lowest point during the 1960s. Tramways in Jakarta were closed in 1960 and railway traffic on Manggarai – Jakarta Kota was restricted in November 1966. The electric train services were closed in late 1965, with remaining services now powered by steam and diesel trains.[11]

On 16 May 1972, PNKA (Perusahaan Negara Kereta Api, successor of DKA) ordered 10 new sets of electric multiple units from Japan, leading to the revival of the electric train services within Greater Jakarta. The new trains, built by Nippon Sharyo, arrived in 1976 and replaced the old locomotives and coaches. Sets consisted of four cars each, with capacity of 134 passengers per car. Those new trains (commonly known as KRL Rheostatik) will continue serving the passengers in Jakarta for the next 37 years.[11] PNKA (later PJKA and Perumka) continued importing trains from Japan, South Korea and Netherlands until the late 1990s.

Economy class EMU at Gambir Station, October 2009.

In May 2000, the government of Japan via JICA and Tokyo Metropolitan Government donated 72 units of used Toei 6000 trains, formerly operating on Toei Mita Line. These were the first air-conditioned electric trains in Indonesia. The new trains were operated on 25 August 2000 for express services.[12]

Commuterline era
Former logo until 28 September 2020
Interior of a 205-5000 series train coach

The current form of electric train service in Jakarta was begun in 2008. Jabotabek Urban Transport Division, a sub-unit of KAI that handles commuter service around Jabodetabek, spun-off to form KAI Commuterline Jabodetabek (KCJ). Ticket revenues, rolling stock maintenance, and station management was transferred to the newly formed subsidiary, but all operational matters (e.g. scheduling and dispatching), rolling stock, stations and infrastructures remained under KAI's responsibility.

The modernization of the commuter railway system, however, did not begin until 2011. Network operations were greatly simplifed from 37 point-to-point service patterns into six integrated lines (known as "loop line" system) all running local, stopping at every station, as express services were abolished. Service was also simplified into two service classes: economy class (cheaper service without air conditioning, subsidized by Ministry of Transportation) and Commuter class (more expensive service with air conditioning). On 17 April 2013, the commuter line extension to Maja in the Green Line commenced operation.[13] On 25 July 2013, the economy class was discontinued, leaving the Commuter class as the sole service class throughout the network.[14] In July 2013, the operator introduced the Commet (Commuter Electronic Ticketing) system replacing the old paper ticket system and changing the old fare system into 'progressive fare' system, as well as modernization of all 80 serving stations.

Starting on 1 April 2015, the Nambo line extension operation is commenced.[15][16] Three line extensions have been opened between 2015 and 2017: the extension of Pink Line to Tanjung Priuk station which commenced operation on 22 December 2015,[17] the extension of Green Line to Rangkasbitung station which commenced operation on 1 April 2017,[13] and the extension of Blue Line to Cikarang station which commenced operation on 8 October 2017.[18] In July 2015, KA Commuter Jabodetabek served more than 850,000 passengers per day, which is almost triple the 2011 figures, but still less than 3.5% of all Jabodetabek commutes.[19]

Until 5 March 2014, KA Commuter Jabodetabek only operates 8-car trainsets on all lines.[20] In 2016, the operation of 12-car trainsets commenced.[21] As of December 2019, it operates 1,057 trips per day by 90 trains.[22]

Service routes
Tokyo Metro 6000 series owned by KAI Commuter Indonesia, with the typical new livery consist red-white-black.

The modernization project in 2011 introduced 6 integrated commuter lines and 8 services which serve Greater Jakarta. The number of services has increased to 11 by 2017.

The network route map is recognized by color code and destination.

LinesServicesNo. of stationsLengthOpened Operated as

KCI Line

Central LineJakarta Kota to Depok20†33.3 km (20.7 mi)1930 5 December 2011[23]
Jakarta Kota to Bogor 24† 54.8 km (34.1 mi) 1930
Loop LineJatinegara to Depok2647.2 km (29.3 mi)1987
Jatinegara to Bogor 30 69.4 km (43.1 mi) 1987
Angke to Nambo2151.4 km (31.9 mi)1997 1 April 2015[24]
Rangkasbitung LineTanah Abang to Serpong819.6 km (12.2 mi)1899 5 December 2011[23]
Tanah Abang to Parung Panjang 11 24.3 km (15.1 mi) 1899
Tanah Abang to Maja 17 55.6 km (34.5 mi) 1899 17 April 2013[13]
Tanah Abang to Rangkasbitung 19 72.8 km (45.2 mi) 1899 1 April 2017[25]
Cikarang LineJakarta Kota to Bekasi via Manggarai18†27.4 km (17.0 mi)1930 5 December 2011[23]
Jakarta Kota to Bekasi via Pasar Senen 15 26.5 km (16.5 mi) 2017 1 April 2017[26]
Jakarta Kota to Cikarang 21† 44 km (27 mi) 2017 8 October 2017[18]
Tangerang LineDuri to Tangerang1119.2 km (11.9 mi)1899 5 December 2011[23]
Tanjung Priok LineJakarta Kota to Tanjung Priuk49.8 km (6.1 mi)1885 5 December 2011 partial, feeder only[23]

22 December 2015 fully operational[27]

† excluding Gambir station, not serving Commuterline trains

Ticketing and fares
Commuter Electronic Ticketing (COMMET)
Multi trip (black) and single-trip (white) ticket of KRL Commuterline. The single-trip card shown has been decommissioned.
Launched2013
Technology
OperatorPT Kereta Commuter Indonesia (formerly by Telkom Indonesia)
ManagerPT Kereta Commuter Indonesia
CurrencyIDR (Rp5,000 minimum load)
Stored-valuePay as you go
Validity
Variants
  • Tiket Harian Berjaminan (THB) (single-ride)

Passengers may purchase ticket for single or multiple journeys. Single-journey cards, Tiket Harian Berjaminan (THB, "guaranteed daily ticket") may be purchased at any ticket counters or C-VIM vending machines, available in some stations. A Rp 10,000 deposit will be levied on top of the fare to be paid in order to prevent losses for KCI, as many passengers do not return the single-journey cards. Passengers may recharge the card for the next trip, or refund the deposit at the ticket counter or vending machines in any KRL Commuterline stations.[29] However, if the card is not used or recharged for seven days, the card will expire and cannot be refunded.

Passengers may also purchase a card for multiple journeys, named Kartu Multi-Trip (KMT, "multitrip card"). KMT is priced at Rp 50,000 (including Rp 30,000 credit).[30] The card has no expiry date and can be used with a minimum credit of Rp 5,000 after KCI introduced fare adjustment machines. Passengers who don't have enough credit in their KMT can top-up at fare adjustment machines or two-way ticket counters. Previously the minimum credit was Rp 13,000, based on the highest available fare in the system.[31][32] The card may be topped up at the ticket counters or vending machines.[29]

In addition to KCI-issued cards, passengers may also purchase bank-issued cards. Unlike KCI-issued cards which may only be used for train fares and station's park-and-ride facilities, these cards may also be used for goods and services payments at selected merchants, gas stations, TransJakarta BRT, selected parking facilities, and toll road payments. Currently Commuterline accepts Mandiri e-Money,[33] BRIZZI,[33] BNI TapCash,[33] and flazz BCA.[34]

LinkAja! was implemented for KRL Commuterline station gates starting from 1 October 2019. It uses QR code displayed on passenger's mobile phone that can be read by scanner attached inside the system. However, LinkAja! can be used only if the passenger's balance is not less than Rp 13,000.00.[35][36]

Fares

Fare is charged by distance travelled ('progressive fare'), Rp 3,000 for the first 25 kilometers and Rp 1,000 for every next 10 kilometers.[37] The fare is subsidized by the Ministry of Transportation. For instance in 2016, the government allocated Rp 1.1 trillion public service obligation to KRL Commuterline.[38]

Prior to the introduction of distance-based fare, the fare is determined by number of stations passed. The first five stations passed is charged at Rp 3,000 and every next three stations charged at Rp 1,000. Between July and November 2013, the charges were lowered to Rp 2,000 and Rp 500 respectively, after the government subsidized the fare.[39] Number of passengers increased by 30% after one week of introduction of the new fares.[40]

Stations
Sudirman station upper ground entrance/exit

As of January 2019, there are 80 active and 4 inactive stations for KRL Commuterline. All the stations have commercial zones of various sizes for operating retail stores, chain shops, and ATM booth. The stations have prayer place, toilets and dispensary for emergency health service. Stations have manual ticket counters as well as automated ticket vending machines since 2017 .[41] Started on 15 January 2019, all stations have free Wi-Fi service facility for passengers.[42]

List of stations

Bold: Terminus or transit stations Italic: Closed for Commuterline, open for intercity trains Strikethrough: Closed for all services

Central Line Cikarang Line Rangkasbitung Line Tangerang Line Tanjung Priok Line

† Some trains starts and terminates here

† Some trains start and terminate there

^ One early morning train terminates there instead of Tanah Abang and one morning train starts there instead of Serpong, Parung Panjang or Tigaraksa[43]
Sudirman station is one of the busiest commuter line stations in Jakarta, located nearby Sudirman street
Loop Line

† Some trains starts and terminates here

^ For northbound (to Depok/ Bogor) trains only; southbound (to Jatinegara) trains does not stop there.

List of major stations
Bekasi bound 205-series at Manggarai Station.

Below are the list of main and terminus stations, some of them also serve intercity train lines.

Station Establishment Type Line(s) Intercity/Local station
Jakarta Kota 1926 KRL terminus and transit, intercity terminus Yes
Gambir 1884 Intercity train terminusa Yes
Manggarai 1918 KRL main transit, Airport Rail Link terminus Yes
Jatinegara 1910 KRL terminus and transit, westbound intercity stopb Yes
Tanah Abang 1910 KRL terminus and transit Yes
Duri 1899 KRL terminus and transitc Yes
Kampung Bandan N/A KRL transit

No
Pasar Senen 1925 Intercity terminus, westbound local train stop and northbound KRL stopd Yes
Depok 1881 KRL terminus (some services) No
Bogor 1881 KRL terminus Yesb
Bekasi 1887 KRL terminus (some services), local and intercity train stop Yes
Cikarang n/a KRL terminus, local and intercity train stop Yes
Rangkasbitung 1899 KRL terminus, local and intercity train stop Yes
^a Currently Gambir station does not serve as KRL stop, instead focusing on intercity train services. Passengers who travel to areas near Merdeka Square, could depart at the nearby Gondangdia or Juanda stations.
^b Southbound local trains (operated by KAI, serving trips from Bogor to Sukabumi/Cianjur) starts and ends from Bogor Paledang station, within walking distance from Bogor station.
^c Duri Station is planned to be the transit for Airport Commuter Train, which was under construction in 2014 and started operation in 2017.
^d Pasar Senen station only serve the Jatinegara – Depok/Bogor commuter service, while the Bogor/Depok – Jatinegara service does not stop here.

Rolling stock
Set 6132 operated by KRL Commuterline Indonesia in Jakarta, Indonesia, December 2020
See also: List of Indonesian Railways motive power classes

KRL Commuterline rolling stocks are composed of second-hand rail cars imported from Japan of Tokyo Metro, Toyo Rapid Railway, JR East (in which KAI Commuter has strategic partnerships with), and Tokyu Railways. All of these cars are legally classified as executive-class cars (K1). Domestically made air-conditioned cars produced by Industri Kereta Api (INKA) air-conditioned are no longer in service, although those trains will operate on Solo-Yogya commuter line in Central Java. Trains are generally formed of 8, 10, or 12 cars, with a capacity of 80–110 passengers per car. Commuter Line CommuterLine had 1,020 cars as of July 2019.[44]

Train without air conditioning (mainly economy class) are no longer operated as KCI (the operator) begins the single-service operation of air-conditioned trainsets. One set of ex-economy class (Holec) has been retrofitted with air conditioning by INKA.

Toei 6000 series, which began service in 2000, was the first air-conditioned train type to be scrapped in December 2015. They are replaced by a huge influx of newer secondhand 205 series trains.[45]

Since 1 January 2016, the ex-JR East 103 series were also retired from service.

Air-conditioned rolling stock

EMU classes mentioned as current/active by KCI on 6 November 2020: [46]

Class Internal name Image Units In service Cars per Set Manufacturer Remarks
205-0 series
205-5000 series		 N/A 812 782 4 (Jogja-Solo), 8, 10, 12 Nippon Sharyo, Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Hitachi, Ltd., Kinki Sharyo, Tokyu Car Corporation (1984–1994) 205-0 ex-JR East Saikyo Line, Yokohama Line, Nambu Line, and Musashino Line rolling stock, 2013–present
205-5000 series ex-Musashino Line rolling stock, 2018–present
Tokyo Metro 6000 series ED303 270 212 8, 10 Nippon Sharyo, Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Hitachi, Ltd., Kinki Sharyo, Kisha Seizo, Tokyu Car Corporation (1968–1990) ex-Tokyo Metro Chiyoda Line rolling stock, 2011–present
Tokyo Metro 05 series ED302 80 40 8 Nippon Sharyo, Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Hitachi, Ltd., Kinki Sharyo, Tokyu Car Corporation (1988–1991) ex-Tokyo Metro Tōzai Line rolling stock, 2010–present
Tokyu 8500 series ED202 64 36 12 Tokyu Car Corporation (1975–1991) ex-Tokyu Den-en-toshi Line rolling stock, 2006–present
203 series ED304 50 34 10, 12 Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Kinki Sharyo, Tokyu Car Corporation (1982–1986) ex-JNR/JR East Joban Line rolling stock, 2011–present
Tokyo Metro 7000 series ED301 40 16 8 Nippon Sharyo, Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Kinki Sharyo, Tokyu Car Corporation (1974–1989) ex-Tokyo Metro Yūrakuchō Line rolling stock, 2011–present
Tokyu 8000 series ED201 24 12 12 Tokyu Car Corporation (1969–1985) ex-Tokyu Toyoko Line and Oimachi Line rolling stock, 2006–present

Retired/suspended air-conditioned rolling stock

Non-air-conditioned rolling stock (all retired)

Incidents and accidents
  • 9 December 2013 – A former Tokyo Metro 7000 series trainset (no. 7121F) travelling as KA 1131 on Serpong-Jakarta line collided with Pertamina tanker truck at Bintaro Permai railway intersection, Jakarta. Seven people (including the three train drivers) were killed in the crash. The trainset was subsequently written-off[47][48]
  • 23 September 2015 – Two electric trains (former 205 series trainset no. 205-54F and 205-123F) travelling as KA 1154 and KA 1156 were involved in a rear-end collision at Juanda Station. No one was killed, but 42 passengers were hurt, with some required intensive treatment. Some cars involved returned to service combined in trainset 205-54F, while the rest was written off[49][50]
  • On Sunday, March 10, 2019, a former Tokyu 8500 series trainset (no. 8612F) travelling as KA 1722 on Jatinegara–Bogor line derailed between Cilebut and Bogor station. KA 1722 crashed, rolled over, and hit the LAA (overhead catenary) pole until it collapsed and the train body dented on the front side. Meanwhile, car no. 8712 and 8912 rolled over. There are no reports of casualties, the four undamaged cars were joined to trainset 8610F to form a 12-car trainset and the rest were written off.[51]

Rolling stock
  • Former Tokyo Metro Tozai Line 05 series
  • Former Joban Line 203 series
  • Former Nambu Line 205–0 series
  • Former Musashino Line 205–5000 series
  • Former Musashino Line 205–0 series (marchen design)
  • Former Tokyo Metro Chiyoda Line 6000 series
  • Former Tokyo Metro Yurakucho Line 7000 series
  • Former Tokyu Toyoko Line 8000 series
  • Former Tokyu Den-en-toshi Line 8500 series

Stations

See also

References
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  2. "Wow, Penumpang KRL Tembus 1 Juta Per Hari".
  3. "'Government subsidy unequal to commuter train passenger target'".
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  5. "Tentang Kami".
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  28. https://www.instagram.com/p/CGXJP95DqER/?utm_source=ig_web_copy_link
  29. Rudi, Alsadad (9 January 2016). "Ini Cara Membeli Tiket di "Vending Machine" KRL - Kompas.com". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 11 April 2018.
  30. Post, The Jakarta. "Commuters welcome KCJ's cheaper train fares". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 4 April 2017.
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  45. "都営6000、Depok電車区にてオフレール作業開始！！（11月23日～） – JABODETABEK COMMUTERS NEWS". Cocolog-nifty.com. Retrieved 4 April 2017.
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