Kristi Noem

Kristi Lynn Noem (/noʊm/;[1] née Arnold; November 30, 1971) is an American politician serving as the 33rd and current governor of South Dakota since January 5, 2019. A member of the Republican Party, she was the U.S. Representative for South Dakota's at-large congressional district from 2011 to 2019 and a member of the South Dakota House of Representatives for the 6th district from 2007 to 2011. Noem was elected governor in 2018 and is South Dakota's first female governor.[2]

Kristi Noem
33rd Governor of South Dakota
Assumed office
January 5, 2019
LieutenantLarry Rhoden
Preceded byDennis Daugaard
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from South Dakota's at-large district
In office
January 3, 2011 – January 3, 2019
Preceded byStephanie Herseth Sandlin
Succeeded byDusty Johnson
Member of the South Dakota House of Representatives
from the 6th district
In office
January 9, 2007 – January 11, 2011
Preceded byArt Fryslie
Succeeded byBurt Tulson
Personal details
Born
Kristi Lynn Arnold

(1971-11-30) November 30, 1971
Watertown, South Dakota, U.S.
Political partyRepublican
Spouse(s)
Bryon Noem
​
(m. 1992)​
Children3
ResidenceGovernor's Residence
EducationSouth Dakota State University (BA)

During the COVID-19 pandemic in South Dakota, Noem took a hands-off approach.[3] She did not implement face mask mandates, frequently raised doubts about the efficacy of mask-wearing, encouraged large gatherings without social distancing or mask-wearing, and rejected public health experts' advice.[4][5] As of December 2020, she was one of few governors who had not issued statewide stay-at-home orders or face-mask mandates.[6][7] Her response mirrored Trump's highly-criticized rhetoric and handling of COVID-19.[5][8] Noem spoke at the Republican National Convention in August 2020, which elevated her national profile.[8][9]

Early life and education

Kristi Noem was born to Ron and Corinne Arnold in Watertown, South Dakota, and raised with her siblings on the family ranch and farm in rural Hamlin County.[10] She has Norwegian ancestry.[11] Noem graduated from Hamlin High School in 1990, and won the South Dakota Snow Queen title. She credited the experience with helping her polish her public speaking and promotional skills.[12] After high school, she enrolled at Northern State University. She married Bryon Noem at age 20.[13]

At 22, Noem left college to help run her family's ranch after her father was killed in a farm machinery accident.[10][14] Noem added a hunting lodge and restaurant to the property, and all her siblings moved back to help expand the businesses.[10]

After her father's death, Noem stopped attending college full time but subsequently took classes at the Watertown campus of Mount Marty College and at South Dakota State University and online classes from the University of South Dakota.[10][12]

After being elected to Congress, Noem continued her education, taking online courses. The Washington Post dubbed her Capitol Hill's "most powerful intern" for receiving college intern credits from her position as a member of Congress.[15] She earned a B.A. in political science from South Dakota State University in 2012.[16]

South Dakota House of Representatives

In 2006, Noem won a seat in the South Dakota House of Representatives representing the 6th District (comprising parts of Beadle, Clark, Codington, Hamlin, and Kingsbury counties, but not including Watertown). In 2006, she won with 39% of the vote.[17] In 2008, she was reelected to a second term with 41%.[18]

Noem served for four years, from 2007 to 2010; she was an Assistant Majority Leader during her last year.[19][20] In 2009 and 2010 she sponsored bills to lower the age of compulsory education in South Dakota to 16, after it had been raised to 18 in 2008, arguing that requiring school attendance until age 18 has not been proven to improve graduation rates.[21]

She was on the State Affairs Committee and Taxation Committee[22]

U.S. House of Representatives

Elections
2010
Main article: 2010 United States House of Representatives election in South Dakota

In 2010, Noem ran for South Dakota's at-large seat in the U.S. House of Representatives.[23] She won the Republican primary with a plurality of 42% of the vote against South Dakota Secretary of State Chris Nelson and State Representative Blake Curd.[24] Her primary opponents endorsed her in the general election.[19]

Noem's opponent, incumbent Democratic U.S. Congresswoman Stephanie Herseth Sandlin, emphasized her own record of independence from the Democratic caucus, including her votes against health care reform, the Wall Street bailouts, and the cap-and-trade energy bill. In response, Noem repeatedly highlighted Herseth Sandlin's vote for Nancy Pelosi as Speaker of the House. According to The Washington Post, "Nationally, Herseth Sandlin [was] considered a rising star in her party, the Democrats' own "mama grizzly" straight out of the heartland [...] but, 2010 is a different time, and Herseth Sandlin, 39, faces her most serious threat yet. Noem, 38, is ... a made-for-Fox News star in her own right".[25] During the 2010 election cycle, Noem outraised Herseth Sandlin, $2.3 million to $2.1 million.[26][27] Noem received 84% of her cash from individual donors while Herseth Sandlin received 56% from political action committees.[26][27][28] Noem defeated Herseth Sandlin, 48% to 46%.[29]

2012
Main article: 2012 United States House of Representatives election in South Dakota

Noem was reelected to a second term, defeating Democrat Matthew Varilek, 57%–43%.[30]

2014
Main article: 2014 United States House of Representatives election in South Dakota

Noem was reelected to a third term, defeating Democrat Corinna Robinson, 67%–33%.[31]

2016
Main article: 2016 United States House of Representatives election in South Dakota

Noem was reelected to a fourth term, defeating Democrat Paula Hawks, 64%–36%.[32]

Tenure
Noem during the 112th United States Congress

Noem was the fourth woman to represent South Dakota in Congress.[33] She and freshman Senator Tim Scott of South Carolina were elected by acclamation of the 2011 House Republican 87-member freshman class to be liaisons to the House Republican leadership, making Noem the second woman member of House GOP leadership.[34] According to The Hill, her role was to push the leadership to make significant cuts to federal government spending and to help Speaker John Boehner manage the expectations of the freshman class.[35] In March 2011, Republican Representative Pete Sessions of Texas named Noem one of the 12 regional directors for the National Republican Congressional Committee during the 2012 election campaign.[10][36]

Taxes

In 2018, Noem was reported to have "pitched the idea to members of the conservative House Freedom Caucus" to attach her online sales tax bill to the government funding package as part of an omnibus. A court case under consideration in the South Dakota Supreme Court involved requiring "certain out-of-state retailers to collect its sales taxes." Noem said that South Dakota businesses (and by extension businesses nationwide) "could be forced to comply with 1,000 different tax structures nationwide without the tools necessary to do so", adding that her legislation "provides a necessary fix."[37]

Noem called the budget deficit one of the most important issues facing Congress, and cosponsored H. J. Res. 2, which would require that total spending for any fiscal year not exceed total receipts.[38][39] She cited the Environmental Protection Agency, the Department of Veterans Affairs, Medicaid, high-speed rail projects, cap-and-trade technical assistance, and subsidies for the Washington Metro rapid transit system as examples of federal programs she would like to see cuts in.[40][38][41][42]

Noem indicated that she would vote to raise the federal spending limit,[34] and wanted to eliminate the estate tax,[43] lower the corporate tax rate, and simplify the tax code.[10] She also said she would not raise taxes to balance the budget.[44]

Human trafficking

Noem promoted legislation to combat human trafficking and sexual slavery.[45][46]

Health care

Noem opposes the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (Obamacare) and has voted to repeal it.[47][48] Having unsuccessfully sought to repeal it, she has sought to defund it while retaining measures such as the Indian Health Care Improvement Act, the provision allowing parents to keep their children on their health insurance plan into their 20s, and the high-risk pools.[49] New provisions that Noem wanted to add to federal law included limits on medical malpractice lawsuits and allowing patients to buy health insurance plans from other states.[49] She supported cuts to Medicaid funding proposed by Republican Budget Committee chairman Paul Ryan that would reduce benefits for South Dakota Medicaid recipients by 55 percent.[40]

Social issues

Noem is pro-life.[50] She has the support of the anti-abortion group Susan B. Anthony List,[51] and said after her election that she hoped to maintain the same 100% anti-abortion voting record that she had achieved from SBA List, as of June 2018.[43][52] Noem also opposes same-sex marriage and in 2015 stated that she disagreed with Obergefell v. Hodges, the Supreme Court's ruling that same-sex marriage bans are unconstitutional.[53]

Energy and environment
U.S. Representative Noem (center) alongside fellow Representatives Donna Edwards and Sheila Jackson Lee at the Women in Military Service for America Memorial in May 2013

Noem has said that the U.S. must end its dependence on foreign oil. To achieve that goal, she says Congress should encourage conservation of existing resources.[54] She supports continuing ethanol subsidies that benefit her state[55] and opposes ending federal subsidies for oil companies.[40]

Noem supported the Keystone XL Pipeline and promised to continue to work for its construction after the U.S. Senate voted down legislation to advance the pipeline through Congress.[56] She helped the House pass the legislation on November 14, 2014.[56]

Noem opposed a bill introduced by South Dakota Senator Tim Johnson that would designate over 48,000 acres (190 km2) of the Buffalo Gap National Grassland as protected wilderness.[57] She supports the current designation of the land as a national grassland.[58] She pointed out that the land is already managed as roadless areas similar to wilderness[59] and argued that changing the land's designation to wilderness would further limit leaseholder access to the land and imperil grazing rights.[58][59]

Noem supports off-shore oil drilling.[60] She co-sponsored three bills that she argued would reduce American dependence on foreign oil by ending the 2010 United States deepwater drilling moratorium in the Gulf of Mexico and reopening sales on oil leases in the Gulf and off the coast of Virginia.[61] In 2011, she sponsored a measure to block Environmental Protection Agency funding for tighter air pollution standards for coarse particulates.[62]

Foreign affairs

Noem supported the NATO-led military intervention in the 2011 Libyan civil war, but questioned whether the United States intervened to protect civilians, or whether the U.S. military would try to remove then-leader Muammar Gaddafi.[63] In March of that year, she called on President Obama to provide more information about the role of the U.S. in the conflict, characterizing his statements as vague and ambiguous.[63][64]

Fundraising

Since her election, Noem raised 56 percent of donations from individuals and 44 percent from political action committees.[65] On March 8, 2011, she announced the formation of a leadership political action committee, KRISTI PAC[66] and said she would use the PAC to pay expenses and support other Republican candidates. Former South Dakota Lieutenant Governor Steve Kirby is its treasurer.[67][68][69]

Noem was among the top freshman Republicans in PAC fundraising in the first quarter of 2011, raising $169,000 from PACs and hosting at least 10 Washington fundraisers.[70] She said she had no plans to join the House Tea Party Caucus.[71]

Immigrants and refugees

Noem supported President Trump's 2017 executive order that suspended the U.S. refugee program for 120 days and banned all travel to the U.S. by nationals of seven Muslim-majority countries for 90 days.[72] She said she supported a temporary ban on accepting refugees from "terrorist-held" areas,[73] but "did not address whether she supports other aspects of the order, which led to the detention of legal U.S. residents such as green-card holders and people with dual citizenship as they reentered the country" in the aftermath of the order's issuance.[72]

Committee assignments

Caucus memberships

Governor of South Dakota

2018 election
Main article: 2018 South Dakota gubernatorial election

On November 14, 2016, Noem announced that she would not seek reelection to Congress but instead run for governor of South Dakota in 2018.[78] She defeated incumbent South Dakota Attorney General Marty Jackley in the June 5 primary, 56% to 44%,[79][80] and defeated Democratic nominee Billie Sutton in the general election, 51.0% to 47.6%.[81]

Tenure

Noem was sworn in as governor of South Dakota on January 5, 2019. She is the first woman in South Dakota history to hold that office.[82]

Concealed carry

On January 31, 2019, Noem signed a bill into law abolishing the permit requirement to carry a concealed handgun.[83][84][85]

Marriage

As part of her Family First Initiative, Noem promised to protect religious liberty and traditional marriage. She described marriage as a "God-given union between one man and one woman" and referred to the Supreme Court's decision as an attempt to silence those with traditional beliefs.[86]

Abortion

Noem has signed several bills restricting abortion, saying that the bills would "crack down on abortion providers in South Dakota" by requiring providers to use a state form women must sign before they can end a pregnancy. She also said, "A strong and growing body of medical research provides evidence that unborn babies can feel, think, and recognize sounds in the womb. These are people, they must be given the same basic dignities as anyone else."[87][88]

Trade

In February 2019, she said that the Trump administration's trade wars with China and the European Union had devastated South Dakota's economy, particularly the agricultural sector, "by far" the state's largest industries.[89]

"Meth, We're on It" Campaign

On November 18, 2019, Noem released a new meth awareness campaign named "Meth, We're on It". The campaign was widely mocked and Noem was criticized for using a Minnesota firm.[90]

Opposition to marijuana legalization

After voters voted in favor of a constitutional amendment to legalize recreational marijuana, Noem challenged the amendment and sought to get South Dakota courts to strike it down.[91] In 2021, one of the judges that she appointed struck down the amendment.[91]

COVID-19 pandemic

During the COVID-19 pandemic in South Dakota, Noem took a hands-off approach.[3] She did not implement face mask mandates, frequently raised doubts about the efficacy of mask-wearing, encouraged large gatherings without social distancing or mask-wearing, and rejected the advice of public health experts.[4][5] As of December 2020, she was one of few governors who had not issued statewide stay-at-home orders or face-mask mandates.[6][7] Her response mirrored Trump's rhetoric and handling of COVID-19.[5][8] She was rewarded for her COVID-19 response with a speech at the Republican National Convention in August 2020, which elevated her national profile.[8][9] The Argus Leader described the RNC speech as a "defining moment in her political career."[92]

Early in the pandemic, she emphasized her state's role in evaluating hydroxychloroquine, an antimalarial drug of unproven efficacy in treating COVID-19 that Trump had touted.[93] South Dakota had one of the largest outbreaks in the U.S.[94] The Smithfield Foods production plant in Sioux Falls had four deaths, with nearly 1,300 workers and their family members testing positive.[95] Noem pointed out that the plant was in full operation as an essential food manufacturing facility.[96] Forty-eight of Smithfield's workers were hospitalized.[97] On April 6, Noem issued an executive order that said people "shall" follow guidance from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention;[98] she also ordered everyone over age 65 in Minnehaha and Lincoln counties to stay home for three weeks.[99][100]

Noem did not mandate social distancing or the wearing of face masks at a July 3 event at Mount Rushmore that featured Trump. Health experts warned that large gatherings without social distancing or mask-wearing posed a risk to public health.[101] Noem doubted scientific recommendations on the usefulness of masks in slowing the transmission of COVID-19.[102] In an opinion piece in the Rapid City Journal, she defended her views, citing analysis by the Association of American Physicians and Surgeons, a group known for promoting pseudoscience.[102]

Sixteen weeks after Trump's executive order that provided enhanced weekly unemployment benefits of $300 as part of the U.S. federal government response to the pandemic, Noem opted out of the program, citing a low state unemployment rate.[103] South Dakota was the only state to refuse the assistance.[104] Its jobless rate in June was 7.2%, up from 3.1% in March, though down from 10.9% in April.[97] Acceptance of the funding required the state to augment the benefit by $100 unless other jobless assistance allowed for the match to be waived.[104]

South Dakota is one of two states in the US to offer no emergency financial assistance to renters during the pandemic.[105]

Noem supported the annual Sturgis Motorcycle Rally, despite warnings from experts who argued that it could be a superspreading event.[106][107] Public health notices were issued for saloons and other businesses in the Sturgis area. By the end of August, dozens of cases linked to attendance at the event were reported in several states.[108][109][110]

In September, amid a surge of new cases, Noem announced that she would spend $5 million of relief funding on a state tourism campaign.[3] She used $819,000 of those funds to have the state's Department of Tourism run a 30-second Fox News commercial she narrated during the 2020 Republican National Convention.[111] During September, over 550 students became infected at South Dakota universities; 200 more cases were reported in K–12 schools.[97]

In October, as South Dakota reported the country's second-highest number of new covid cases per capita and hospitals began to prioritize treatment of severe covid cases over lesser ones, Noem said the higher case numbers were because of more testing, despite the positive test rate and hospitalization rate also increasing.[112] Among those critical of her response to the pandemic was British journalist David Aaronovitch.[113]

Governor's mansion fence

In May 2019, Noem proposed to build a fence around the governor's mansion estimated to cost approximately $400,000, but eventually retracted the proposal.[114][115] On August 12, 2020, it was announced that Noem would again be moving forward with putting a fence around the residence, following her security team's advice.[116]

2021 storming of the U.S. Capitol

After Trump supporters stormed the U.S. Capitol on January 6, 2021, Noem spoke out against the violence, saying, "We are all entitled to peacefully protest. Violence is not a part of that."[117][118]

2020 presidential election

Noem made claims of widespread fraud in the 2020 presidential election in the days following Joe Biden's victory.[119] On December 8, she tacitly acknowledged that Biden won when she referred to a "Biden administration" during her annual state budget address.[120][121]

Designated an elector for the 2020 presidential election,[122] Noem withdrew from those duties and had South Dakota Republican Party chairman Dan Lederman serve in her place. On December 14, 2020, Lederman, Lieutenant Governor Larry Rhoden and State Attorney General Jason Ravnsborg cast South Dakota's three electoral votes for Republican candidates Donald Trump and Mike Pence as the Trump-Pence ticket received 261,043 votes to 150,471 for the Democratic Biden-Harris ticket. The last Democratic presidential nominee to win South Dakota was Lyndon Johnson in 1964.[123][124]

Electoral history
2018 South Dakota gubernatorial election[81]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Kristi Noem 172,912 51.0%
Democratic Billie Sutton 161,454 47.6%
Libertarian Kurt Evans 4,848 1.4%
Total votes 339,214 100%
Republican hold
2018 Republican primary election – South Dakota governor[79]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Kristi Noem 57,437 56.0
Republican Marty Jackley 45,069 44.0
Total votes 102,506 100
2016 South Dakota's At-large congressional district election
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Kristi Noem (Incumbent) 237,163 64.10
Democratic Paula Hawks 132,810 35.90
Total votes 369,973 100
South Dakota's At-large congressional district election, 2014[31]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Kristi Noem (Incumbent) 183,834 67
Democratic Corinna Robinson 92,485 33
Total votes 276,319 100
2012 South Dakota's At-large congressional district election[125]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Kristi Noem (Incumbent) 207,640 57
Democratic Matt Varilek 153,789 43
Total votes 361,429 100
Republican hold
2010 General election – At Large Congressional District of South Dakota
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Kristi Noem 153,703 48
Democratic Stephanie Herseth Sandlin 146,589 46
Independent B. Thomas Marking 19,134 6
Total votes 319,426 100
Republican gain from Democratic
2010 Republican primary election – At Large Congressional District of South Dakota[126]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Kristi Noem 34,527 42
Republican Chris Nelson 28,380 35
Republican Blake Curd 19,134 23
Total votes 82,041 100

Personal life

Noem lives with her husband and their three children on the Racota Valley Ranch near Castlewood.

Noem has received 26 traffic citations, including 20 speeding tickets from 1989 to 2010,[127] stop sign and seat belt violations, no driver's license, failure to appear notices, and two arrest warrants. She has said, "I'm not proud of my driving record, but [I've] been working hard to be a better example to young kids and young drivers out there." She has paid her fines and penalties.[128][129]

Noem is an unspecified Protestant.[130]

See also

References
  1. Noem, Kristi [@govkristinoem] (July 16, 2020). "Governor Kristi Noem on Twitter: 'There's no place in America like South Dakota. We'd love to have you join us. Come grow your company; live your life; achieve your dreams. We can make it happen for you right now, because South Dakota Means Business.'" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  2. Mitchell, Trevor J. (April 1, 2020). "Why Gov. Noem won't order a shelter-in-place for South Dakotans". Argus Leader. Sioux Falls, South Dakota. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved August 14, 2020.
  3. "South Dakota governor uses coronavirus relief funds for $5 million tourism ad despite COVID surge". CBS News. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved September 10, 2020.
  4. Nauman, Talli (November 23, 2020). "South Dakota gripped by pandemic amid Kristi Noem's no-mask approach". The Guardian. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
  5. Pilkington, Ed (November 19, 2020). "Kristi Noem rigidly follows Trump strategy of denial as Covid ravages South Dakota". The Guardian. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
  6. Beaumont, Thomas; Groves, Stephen (May 5, 2020). "'A resume for future office': Virus tests a GOP governor". Associated Press. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved May 5, 2020.
  7. Groves, Stephen. "As deaths spiral, South Dakota governor opposes mask rules". ABC News. Associated Press. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
  8. Groves, Stephen (August 26, 2020). "South Dakota's Noem speaks at RNC as state virus cases rise". AP News. Associated Press. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
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South Dakota House of Representatives
Preceded by
Art Fryslie		 Member of the South Dakota House of Representatives
from the 6th district
2007–2011
Served alongside: Paul Nelson, Brock Greenfield		 Succeeded by
Burt Tulson
U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by
Stephanie Herseth Sandlin		 Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from South Dakota's at-large congressional district
2011–2019		 Succeeded by
Dusty Johnson
Preceded by
Jaime Herrera Beutler		 Chair of the Congressional Women's Caucus
2015–2017		 Succeeded by
Susan Brooks
Party political offices
Preceded by
Dennis Daugaard		 Republican nominee for Governor of South Dakota
2018		 Most recent
Political offices
Preceded by
Dennis Daugaard		 Governor of South Dakota
2019–present		 Incumbent
U.S. order of precedence (ceremonial)
Preceded by
Kamala Harris
as Vice President		 Order of Precedence of the United States
Within South Dakota		 Succeeded by
Mayor of city
in which event is held
Succeeded by
Otherwise Nancy Pelosi
as Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by
Doug Burgum
as Governor of North Dakota		 Order of Precedence of the United States
Outside South Dakota		 Succeeded by
Greg Gianforte
as Governor of Montana
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