Liberalism in South Korea
This article gives an overview of liberalism in South Korea. It is limited to liberal parties with substantial support, mainly proven by having had a representation in parliament.
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Introduction
Note: the word liberal in South Korea is often used in its traditional sense. Liberal parties in the American sense of the term tend to label themselves as "Democratic" or "Progressive" instead.
There has been a tradition of liberal parties since 1955, often organized around persons. Presently the Democratic Party of Korea, and the People Party are the main successors of the liberal parties' tradition.
South Korean liberals are strongly ethnically nationalist embracing Korean nationalism, thus favoring a reconciliatory approach towards North Korea. Most liberals favor a welfare state and reforming the chaebol system. However, many liberals are social conservatives opposing LGBT rights and often hold strong pro-life views.
Liberal parties
In South Korea, South Korean's unique liberal and korean nationalist parties are often referred to as "Minjudangkye parties". (Korean: 민주당계 정당; Hanja: 民主黨系政黨; lit. Democratic-line political parties)[1][2][3]
The political party that once were ruling party are in bold.
Mainstream parties
- Christian Social Democratic Party → Korea Democratic Party (1945–1949)
- Democratic Nationalist Party (1949–1955)
- Democratic Party (1955–1961; Governing period: 1960–1961)
- New Democratic Party → Civil Rights Party → Civilian's Party (1960–1967; Governing period: 1961–1962)
- New Democratic Party (1967–1980)
- Democratic Korea Party (1981–1988)
- Peace Democratic Party → New United Democratic Party (1987–1991)
- Democratic Party (1991–1995)
- Democratic Party → National Congress for New Politics (1995–2000; Governing period: 1998–2000)
- Millennium Democratic Party → Democratic Party (2000–2008; Governing period: 2000–2003)
- The People's Party for Freedom → Uri Party (2002–2007; Governing period: 2004–2007)
- United New Democratic Party (2007–2008; Governing period: 2007-2008)
- United Democratic Party → Democratic Party (2008–2011)
- Democratic United Party → Democratic Party (2011–2014)
- New Politics Alliance for Democracy → Minjoo Party → Democratic Party (since 2014; Governing period: since 2017)
- Platform Party (satellite party for the 2020 election)
- People's Party (2016–2018, splinter party)
- Bareunmirae Party (2018–2020, splinter party)
- Minsaeng Party (since 2020, splinter party)
Minor parties
- Democratic Party (1963–1965)
- Democratic Party (1990–1991)
- Democratic Party (1995–1997)
- The Participation Party (2010–2011)
- New Political Vision Party (2014)
- Minjoo Party (2014–2016)
- Party for Democracy and Peace (2018–2020)
- New Alternatives (2020)
- People Party (since 2020)
- Open Democratic Party (since 2020)
- Platform Party (2020)
Liberal presidents in South Korea
- Yun Bo-seon (Democratic) (1960–1962)
- Kim Dae-jung (National Congress for New Politics→Millennium Democratic Party) (1998–2003)
- Roh Moo-hyun (Millennium Democratic Party→Uri Party→United New Democratic Party) (2003–2008)
- Moon Jae-in (Democratic) (2017–)
Major liberal parties election results of South Korea
Presidential elections
Legislative elections
Election | Total seats won | Total votes | Share of votes | Outcome of election | Status | Election leader | Party Name |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1948 | 29 / 200 |
916,322 | 13.5% | new 29 seats; Minority | in opposition | Kim Seong-su | Korea Democratic Party |
1950 | 24 / 210 |
683,910 | 9.8% | new 24 seats; Minority | in opposition | Shin Ik-hee | Democratic National Party |
1954 | 15 / 203 |
593,499 | 7.9% | 29 seats; Minority | in opposition | Shin Ik-hee | Democratic National Party |
1958 | 79 / 233 |
2,914,049 | 34.0% | new 79 seats; Minority | in opposition | Chough Pyung-ok | Democratic Party (1955) |
1960 | 175 / 233 |
3,786,401 | 41.7% | 96 seats; Majority | in government | Chough Pyung-ok | Democratic Party (1955) |
1963 | 41 / 175 |
1,870,976 | 20.1% | new 41 seats; Minority | in opposition | Yun Bo-seon | Civil Rule Party |
14 / 175 |
1,264,285 | 13.6% | new 14 seats; Minority | in opposition | Park Soon-cheon | Democratic Party (1963) | |
1967 | 45 / 175 |
3,554,224 | 32.7% | new 45 seats; Minority | in opposition | Yu Jin-o | New Democratic Party |
1971 | 89 / 204 |
4,969,050 | 44.4% | 44 seats; Minority | in opposition | Kim Hong-il | New Democratic Party |
1973 | 52 / 219 |
3,577,300 | 32.5% | 37 seats; Minority | in opposition | Yu Chin-san | New Democratic Party |
1978 | 61 / 231 |
4,861,204 | 32.8% | 9 seats; Minority | in opposition | Yi Cheol-seung | New Democratic Party |
1985 | 67 / 276 |
5,843,827 | 29.3% | new 81 seats; Minority | in opposition | Lee Min-woo | New Korea Democratic Party |
1988 | 70 / 299 |
3,783,279 | 19.3% | new 70 seats; in Coalition (PPD-DRP-NDRP) | in opposition | Lee Min-woo | Peace Democratic Party |
1992 | 97 / 299 |
6,004,577 | 29.2% | new 97 seats; Minority | in opposition | Kim Dae-jung | Democratic Party (1991) |
1996 | 79 / 299 |
4,971,961 | 25.3% | new 79 seats; in Coalition (NCNP-ULD-Democrats) | in opposition (1996-1998) | Kim Dae-jung | National Congress for New Politics |
in government (1998-2000) | |||||||
2000 | 115 / 299 |
6,780,625 | 35.9% | new 115 seats; in Coalition (MDP-ULD-DPP) | in government | Kim Dae-jung | Millennium Democratic Party |
2004 | 152 / 299 |
8,145,824 | 38.3% | new 152 seats; Majority | in government | Chung Dong-young | Uri Party |
9 / 299 |
1,510,178 | 7.1% | 53 seats; Minority | in government | Choug Soon-hyung | Millennium Democratic Party | |
2008 | 81 / 299 |
4,313,111 | 25.1% | new 81 seats; Minority | in opposition | Son Hak-gyu | United Democratic Party |
2012 | 127 / 300 |
7,777,123 | 36.5% | new 127 seats; Minority | in opposition | Han Myeong-sook | Democratic United Party |
2016 | 123 / 300 |
6,069,744 | 25.5% | new 123 seats; Plurality | in opposition (2016-2017) | Kim Chong-in | Democratic Party |
in government (2017-2020) | |||||||
38 / 300 |
6,355,572 | 26.7% | new 38 seats; Minority | in opposition | Ahn Cheol-soo | People's Party | |
2020 | 180 / 300 |
14,345,425 (Constituency) 9,307,112 (Party-list PR) |
49.9% (Constituency) 33.4% (Party-list PR) |
52 seats; Majority | in government | Lee Hae-chan | Democratic Party (Constituency) Platform Party (Party-list PR) |
Local elections
Election | Metropolitan mayor/Governor | Provincial legislature | Municipal mayor | Municipal legislature | Party Name |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1995 | 4 / 15 |
353 / 875 |
84 / 230 |
Democratic Party (1991) | |
1998 | 6 / 16 |
271 / 616 |
84 / 232 |
National Congress for New Politics | |
0 / 16 |
0 / 616 |
1 / 232 |
New People Party | ||
2002 | 4 / 16 |
33 / 682 |
16 / 227 |
Millennium Democratic Party | |
2006 | 1 / 16 |
52 / 733 |
19 / 230 |
630 / 2,888 |
Uri Party |
2 / 16 |
80 / 733 |
20 / 230 |
276 / 2,888 |
Democratic Party (2005) | |
2010 | 8 / 16 |
360 / 761 |
92 / 228 |
1,025 / 2,888 |
Democratic Party (2008) |
2014 | 9 / 17 |
349 / 789 |
80 / 226 |
1,157 / 2,898 |
New Politics Alliance for Democracy |
2018 | 14 / 17 |
647 / 824 |
151 / 226 |
1,638 / 2,927 |
Democratic Party of Korea |
See also
References
- "[제20대 국회의원 선거] 정당(政黨) 이야기". The Chosun Ilbo. 2016-03-23. Retrieved 2021-01-16.
- "문 대통령 "한반도 문제 해결 주인은 우리"". JoongAng Ilbo. 2017-08-18. Retrieved 2021-01-16.
- "왜 6번에 붉은 인주 안 찍혔을까". The Hankyoreh. 2020-05-06. Retrieved 2021-01-16.