Men's 100 metres world record progression

The first record in the 100 metres for men (athletics) was recognised by the International Amateur Athletics Federation, now known as the International Association of Athletics Federations, in 1912.

IAAF-ratified world record progression for the men's 100 m. In 1977 the IAAF began requiring fully automatic timing, accounting for both the increase in measured times and the decrease in measurement error.

As of 21 June 2011, the IAAF had ratified 67 records in the event, not including rescinded records.[1]

Unofficial progression before the IAAF
Time Athlete Nationality Location of races Date
10.8 Luther Cary  United States Paris, France July 4, 1891
Cecil Lee  United Kingdom Brussels, Belgium September 25, 1892
Étienne De Ré  Belgium Brussels, Belgium August 4, 1893
L. Atcherley  United Kingdom Frankfurt/Main, Germany April 13, 1895
Harry Beaton  United Kingdom Rotterdam, Netherlands August 28, 1895
Harald Anderson-Arbin  Sweden Helsingborg, Sweden August 9, 1896
Isaac Westergren  Sweden Gävle, Sweden September 11, 1898
 Sweden Gävle, Sweden September 10, 1899
Frank Jarvis  United States Paris, France July 14, 1900
Walter Tewksbury  United States Paris, France July 14, 1900
Carl Ljung  Sweden Stockholm, Sweden September 23, 1900
Walter Tewksbury  United States Philadelphia, United States October 6, 1900
André Passat  France Bordeaux, France June 14, 1903
Louis Kuhn   Switzerland Bordeaux, France June 14, 1903
Harald Grønfeldt  Denmark Aarhus, Denmark July 5, 1903
Eric Frick  Sweden Jönköping, Sweden August 9, 1903
10.6 Knut Lindberg  Sweden Gothenburg, Sweden August 26, 1906
10.5 Emil Ketterer  Germany Karlsruhe, Germany July 9, 1911
Richard Rau  Germany Braunschweig, Germany August 13, 1911
Richard Rau  Germany Munich, Germany May 12, 1912
Erwin Kern  Germany Munich, Germany May 26, 1912

IAAF record progression
Ratified
Not ratified
Ratified but later rescinded

"Wind" in these tables refers to wind assistance, the velocity of the wind parallel to the runner - positive values are from the starting line towards the finish line, negative are from the finish line towards the starting line, 0 is no wind in either direction, and all values are measured in metres per second. Any wind perpendicular to the runners (from left to right, right to left, or up to down or down to up, although the conditions of the track generally preclude those wind directions) is ignored and not listed.

"Auto" refers to automatic timing, and for the purposes of these lists, indicates auto times which were either also taken for hand-timed records, or were rounded to the tenth or hundredth of a second (depending on the rounding rules then in effect) for the official record time.

Records 1912–1976
Time Wind Auto Athlete Nationality Location of race Date Ref
10.6 Donald Lippincott  United States Stockholm, Sweden July 6, 1912 [2]
Jackson Scholz September 16, 1920 [2]
10.4 Charley Paddock Redlands, USA April 23, 1921 [2]
0.0 Eddie Tolan Stockholm, Sweden August 8, 1929 [2]
Copenhagen, Denmark August 25, 1929 [2]
10.3 Percy Williams  Canada Toronto, Canada August 9, 1930 [2]
0.4 10.38 Eddie Tolan  United States Los Angeles, USA August 1, 1932 [2]
Ralph Metcalfe Budapest, Hungary August 12, 1933 [2]
Eulace Peacock Oslo, Norway August 6, 1934 [2]
Chris Berger  Netherlands Amsterdam, Netherlands August 26, 1934 [2]
Ralph Metcalfe  United States Osaka, Japan September 15, 1934 [2]
2.0 Dairen, Japan September 23, 1934 [2]
2.5 Takayoshi Yoshioka  Japan Tokyo, Japan June 15, 1935 [2]
10.2 1.2 Jesse Owens  United States Chicago, USA June 20, 1936 [2]
10.3 0.5 Lennart Strandberg  Sweden Malmö, Sweden September 26, 1936 [note 1][3]:26
10.2 −0.9 Harold Davis  United States Compton, USA June 6, 1941 [2]
0.7 Lloyd LaBeach  Panama Fresno, USA May 15, 1948 [2]
10.35 Barney Ewell  United States Evanston, United States July 9, 1948 [2]
0.0 McDonald Bailey  Great Britain Belgrade, Yugoslavia August 25, 1951 [2]
1.1 Heinz Fütterer  West Germany Yokohama, Japan October 31, 1954 [2]
0.9 Bobby Morrow  United States Houston, USA May 19, 1956 [2]
−1.0 Ira Murchison Compton, USA June 1, 1956 [2]
0.0 Bobby Morrow Bakersfield, USA June 22, 1956 [2]
−1.3 Ira Murchison Los Angeles, USA June 29, 1956 [2]
−0.4 Bobby Morrow
10.1 0.7 Willie Williams Berlin, Germany August 3, 1956 [2]
1.0 Ira Murchison August 4, 1956 [2]
1.5 Leamon King Ontario, USA October 20, 1956 [2]
0.9 Santa Ana, USA October 27, 1956 [2]
1.3 Ray Norton San Jose, USA April 18, 1959 [2]
10.0 0.9 10.25 Armin Hary  West Germany Zürich, Switzerland June 21, 1960 [2]
1.8 Harry Jerome  Canada Saskatoon, Canada July 15, 1960 [2]
0.0 Horacio Esteves  Venezuela Caracas, Venezuela August 15, 1964 [2]
1.3 10.06 Bob Hayes  United States Tokyo, Japan October 15, 1964 [2]
2.0 10.17 Jim Hines  United States Modesto, USA May 27, 1967 [2]
1.8 Enrique Figuerola  Cuba Budapest, Hungary June 17, 1967 [2]
0.0 Paul Nash  South Africa Krugersdorp, South Africa April 2, 1968 [2]
1.1 Oliver Ford  United States Albuquerque, USA May 31, 1968 [2]
2.0 10.20 Charles Greene Sacramento, USA June 20, 1968 [2]
2.0 10.28 Roger Bambuck  France
9.9 0.8 10.03 Jim Hines  United States Sacramento, USA June 20, 1968 [2]
0.8 10.14 Ronnie Ray Smith
0.9 10.10 Charles Greene
0.3 9.95 Jim Hines Mexico City, Mexico October 14, 1968 [2]
0.0 Eddie Hart Eugene, USA July 1, 1972 [2]
0.0 Rey Robinson
1.3 Steve Williams Los Angeles, USA June 21, 1974 [2]
1.7 Silvio Leonard  Cuba Ostrava, Czechoslovakia June 5, 1975 [2]
0.0 Steve Williams  United States Siena, Italy July 16, 1975 [2]
−0.2 Berlin, Germany August 22, 1975 [2]
0.7 Gainesville, USA March 27, 1976 [2]
0.7 Harvey Glance Columbia, USA April 3, 1976 [2]
Baton Rouge, USA May 1, 1976 [2]
1.7 Don Quarrie  Jamaica Modesto, USA May 22, 1976 [2]

The first manual time of 9.9 seconds was recorded for Bob Hayes in the final of the 100 metres at the 1964 Olympics. Hayes' official time of 10.0 seconds was determined by rounding down the electronic time of 10.06 to the nearest tenth of a second, giving the appearance of a manual time. This method was unique to the Olympics of 1964 and 1968, and the officials at the track recorded Hayes' time as 9.9 seconds.[4]

Records since 1977

Since 1975, the IAAF has accepted separate automatically electronically timed records for events up to 400 metres. Starting on January 1, 1977, the IAAF has required fully automatic timing to the hundredth of a second for these events.[2]

Jim Hines' October 1968 Olympic gold medal run was the fastest recorded fully electronic 100 metre race up to that date, at 9.95 seconds.[2] Track and Field News has compiled an unofficial list of automatically timed records starting with the 1964 Olympics and Bob Hayes' gold medal performance there. Those marks are included in the progression.

Time Wind Auto Athlete Nationality Location of race Date Notes[note 2]
10.06 1.3 Bob Hayes  United States Tokyo, Japan October 15, 1964 [5]
10.03 0.8 Jim Hines Sacramento, USA June 20, 1968 [5]
10.02 2.0 Charles Greene Mexico City, Mexico October 13, 1968 A[5]
9.95 0.3 Jim Hines  United States Mexico City, Mexico October 14, 1968 OR, A[2]
9.93 1.4 Calvin Smith Colorado Springs, USA July 3, 1983 A[2]
9.83 1.0 Ben Johnson  Canada Rome, Italy August 30, 1987 [note 3]
9.93 1.0 Carl Lewis  United States Rome, Italy August 30, 1987 [5][6][note 4]
1.1 Zürich, Switzerland August 17, 1988 [2]
9.79 1.1 Ben Johnson  Canada Seoul, South Korea September 24, 1988 [note 3][2]
9.92 1.1 Carl Lewis  United States Seoul, South Korea September 24, 1988 OR[note 3][2]
9.90 1.9 Leroy Burrell New York, USA June 14, 1991 [2]
9.86 1.2 [lower-alpha 1] Carl Lewis Tokyo, Japan August 25, 1991 [2]
9.85 1.2 Leroy Burrell Lausanne, Switzerland July 6, 1994 [2]
9.84 0.7 9.835 Donovan Bailey  Canada Atlanta, USA July 27, 1996 OR[2][7]
9.79 0.1 Maurice Greene  United States Athens, Greece June 16, 1999 [2]
9.78 2.0 Tim Montgomery Paris, France September 14, 2002 [8][note 5]
9.77 1.6 9.768 Asafa Powell  Jamaica Athens, Greece June 14, 2005 [2]
1.7 9.766 Justin Gatlin  United States Doha, Qatar May 12, 2006 [5][9][note 6]
1.5 9.763 Asafa Powell  Jamaica Gateshead, United Kingdom June 11, 2006 [2]
1.0 9.762 Zürich, Switzerland August 18, 2006 [2]
9.74 1.7 9.735 Rieti, Italy September 9, 2007 [1][10]
9.72 1.7 Usain Bolt New York, USA May 31, 2008 [2]
9.69 0.0 9.683 Beijing, China August 16, 2008 OR[2]
9.58 0.9 9.572 Berlin, Germany August 16, 2009 CR[1][11][12]

Low altitude record progression 1968–1987

The IAAF considers marks set at high altitude as acceptable for record consideration. However, high altitude can significantly assist sprint performances.[13] One estimate suggests times in the 200 m sprint can be assisted by between 0.09 s and 0.14 s with the maximum allowable tailing wind of (2.0 m/s), and gain 0.3 s at altitudes over 2000 m.[14] For this reason, unofficial low-altitude record lists have been compiled.

After the IAAF started to recognise only electronic times in 1977, the then-current record and subsequent record were both set at altitude. It was not until 1987 that the world record was equalled or surpassed by a low-altitude performance. The following progression of low-altitude records therefore starts with Hines's low-altitude "record" when the IAAF started to recognise only electronic timing in 1977, and continues to Lewis's low-altitude performance that equalled the high-altitude world record in 1987. (Ben Johnson's 9.95 run in 1986 and 9.83 run in 1987 are omitted.)

Time Athlete Nationality Location of race Date
10.03 Jim Hines [5]  United States Sacramento, USA June 20, 1968
10.03 Silvio Leonard[5]  Cuba Havana, Cuba September 13, 1977
10.02 James Sanford[5]  United States Westwood, USA May 11, 1980
10.00 Carl Lewis[5] Dallas, USA May 16, 1981
10.00 Modesto, USA May 15, 1982
9.97 Modesto, USA May 14, 1983
9.97 Calvin Smith[5] Zürich, Switzerland August 24, 1983
9.96 Mel Lattany[5] Athens, USA May 5, 1984
9.93 Carl Lewis[5] Rome, Italy August 30, 1987

See also

Notes
  1. per IAAF profile; 1.0 m/s per IAAF statistic handbook
  1. Lennart Strandberg ran 10.3 to tie the then-extant world record on September 26, 1936, and this was ratified as a world record. On February 28, 1938, the IAAF ratified Jesse Owens' 10.2 from June 20, 1936, meaning Strandberg's mark, achieved after Owens', was rescinded as a record.
  2. "A" stands for records set more than 1,000 metres above sea level, "OR" stands for Olympic records, "CR" stands for IAAF World Championships record
  3. Ben Johnson's time of 9.79 on September 24, 1988 was disallowed and never ratified as a record as he tested positive for stanozolol after the race. Johnson subsequently admitted to steroid use between 1981 and 1988, and his world record of 9.83 set on August 30, 1987 was rescinded by the IAAF Council in September 1989.(Track and Field News, November 1989, vol. 42, #11, p. 37)
  4. Carl Lewis's times of 9.93 were deemed by the IAAF to have equalled the world record after Ben Johnson's 9.83 time was rescinded, but were never ratified as world records, and his time of 9.92 to win the gold medal at the Seoul Olympics after Johnson was disqualified was recognized as the world record from January 1, 1990.
  5. Tim Montgomery's time of 9.78 on September 14, 2002 was rescinded after a 2005 ruling on his involvement with BALCO scandal ordered his results from 2001-2005 struck from the records and ordered him to forfeit medals and prizes from that time. By that time, however, it had been surpassed by Asafa Powell.
  6. Justin Gatlin was briefly credited with a new world record time of 9.76, but five days later the IAAF announced that the official timers, Tissot Timing, had discovered Gatlin's time of 9.766 had erroneously been rounded down to the nearest hundredth instead of rounded up. This time instead made Gatlin co-world record holder with Asafa Powell, but this was rescinded in 2007 after Gatlin failed a doping test.

References
  1. "IAAF World Championships: IAAF Statistics Handbook. Daegu 2011" (PDF). Monte Carlo: IAAF Media & Public Relations Department. 2011. pp. Pages 595, 596. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 18, 2012. Retrieved August 3, 2011.
  2. "12th IAAF World Championships In Athletics: IAAF Statistics Handbook. Berlin 2009" (PDF). Monte Carlo: IAAF Media & Public Relations Department. 2009. pp. Pages 546, 547. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 29, 2011. Retrieved July 29, 2009.
  3. Hymans, Richard; Matrahazi, Imre. "IAAF World Records Progression" (PDF) (2015 ed.). International Association of Athletics Federations. Retrieved October 20, 2015.
  4. revisionist history: men's 100 WR. Track and Field News. November 1, 2013
  5. "Stat Corner: 100 WR Progression". Track & Field News. 61 (7): 55. July 2008.
  6. Track and Field News, November 1989, vol. 42, #11, p. 37
  7. "10m Splits for Various 100m Final Events". Myweb.lmu.edu. Retrieved May 23, 2016.
  8. "100m World Record falls to Montgomery - 9.78!". IAAF. September 14, 2002. Archived from the original on September 12, 2008. Retrieved September 3, 2008.
  9. Frank Litsky (May 18, 2006). "Gatlin Must Share 100-Meter Record". New York Times. Retrieved September 3, 2008.
  10. "Progression of IAAF World Records, 2015 Edition" (PDF). 2015. p. 33. Retrieved February 24, 2018.
  11. "12th IAAF World Championships in Athletics - Berlin 2009 - Bolt again! 9.58 World record in Berlin!". Berlin.iaaf.org. August 16, 2009. Archived from the original on June 12, 2010. Retrieved June 7, 2010.
  12. "World records set at Berlin World Championships have been ratified". iaaf.org. September 30, 2009. Retrieved June 7, 2010.
  13. "Effect of wind speed and altitude on sprint times". www.brianmac.co.uk. Retrieved April 28, 2011.
  14. "IngentaConnect Modeling wind and altitude effects in the 200 m sprint". www.ingentaconnect.com. Retrieved May 28, 2010.
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