Parker Kligerman

Parker L. Kligerman (born August 8, 1990) is an American professional stock car racing driver and a pit reporter for NASCAR on NBC. He competes part-time in the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series, driving the No. 75 Chevrolet Silverado for Henderson Motorsports. Kligerman is a former development driver for Penske Racing. He has worked for NBC since 2015 after he lost his last full-time ride in NASCAR with the closed Swan Racing team.

Parker Kligerman
Kligerman being interviewed at the 2019 Daytona 500
BornParker L. Kligerman
(1990-08-08) August 8, 1990
Stamford, Connecticut
Awards2009 ARCA Re/Max Series Rookie of the Year
2009 ARCA Re/Max Series Bill France Four Crown
NASCAR Cup Series career
28 races run over 4 years
2018 position47th
Best finish47th (2014, 2019)
First race2013 AAA Texas 500 (Texas)
Last race2019 AAA Texas 500 (Texas)
Wins Top tens Poles
0 0 0
NASCAR Xfinity Series career
53 races run over 7 years
2017 position102nd
Best finish9th (2013)
First race2009 Kansas Lottery 300 (Kansas)
Last race2017 Johnsonville 180 (Road America)
Wins Top tens Poles
0 19 1
NASCAR Camping World Truck Series career
87 races run over 10 years
Truck no., teamNo. 75 (Henderson Motorsports)
2020 position28th
Best finish5th (2012)
First race2010 WinStar World Casino 350K (Texas)
Last race2020 NASCAR Hall of Fame 200 (Martinsville)
First win2012 Fred's 250 Powered by Coca-Cola (Talladega)
Last win2017 Fred's 250 Powered by Coca-Cola (Talladega)
Wins Top tens Poles
2 38 2
Statistics current as of January 17, 2021.

Racing career

As part of Penske's driver development program, in 2008 Kligerman drove the No. 77 Cunningham Motorsports Dodge in two races in the ARCA RE/MAX Series. He drove the car full-time in 2009, finishing second points in his rookie season. He made his Nationwide Series debut for Penske in their No. 22 car at Kansas Speedway that year and won the pole. He then drove in the season finale for Team 42 Racing.

He was slated to contest the first five races of the 2010 NASCAR Nationwide Series season with Team 42 with additional appearances possible.[1] However, he failed to qualify at Daytona and Bristol. After missing the show at Bristol he was out of the car until returning for the eighth race of the season at Talladega where he crashed on lap 113. He earned his first Top 10 finish at Bristol's second race with a ninth-place finish. Kligerman also earned a top ten with an 8th-place finish at Circuit Gilles Villeneuve.[2]

Kligerman competed for Rookie of the Year in the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series in 2011, driving the No. 29 for Brad Keselowski Racing. He returned to the No. 29 truck in 2012, and also drove the Penske Racing No. 22 in the Nationwide Series on a limited schedule, sharing the seat with Brad Keselowski and Jacques Villeneuve.[3]

After the first eleven races of the 2012 season, Kligerman was released from his ride at Brad Keselowski Racing.[4] Shortly thereafter, Red Horse Racing announced that they had signed a contract with Kligerman to drive the No. 7 Toyota for the remainder of the season.[5]

Kligerman practiced and qualified the No. 22 Dodge for Penske Racing at Michigan International Speedway in the Sprint Cup Series in August 2012, as regular driver Sam Hornish, Jr. competed in the Nationwide Series race at Circuit Gilles Villeneuve that weekend, returning for the race.[6]

Kligerman won his first Camping World Truck Series race at Talladega Superspeedway on October 6, 2012.[7] A fringe title contender late in the season, Kligerman was officially eliminated from championship contention after being involved in a crash at Phoenix and finishing in 27th place. The next week he would make his final start for Red Horse Racing in the 2012 season finale at Homestead-Miami Speedway, winning his second career pole and finishing in 7th place.[8] He finished 5th in the series points standings.

Kligerman's No. 77 Nationwide car

Announcing that he would not be returning to Red Horse Racing or the Camping World Truck Series in 2013, Kligerman signed with Kyle Busch Motorsports to drive their No. 77 Toyota Camry in the NASCAR Nationwide Series full-time in 2013.[9] He disappointed at KBM, only finishing in the top 5 three times and ending the year 9th in points.

In November 2013, Kligerman made his Sprint Cup debut at Texas Motor Speedway in the AAA Texas 500, driving for Swan Racing.[10] He finished 18th in the event, Swan's best result in 2013.[11] Two weekends later, at the Ford 400, Kligerman impressed again by finishing 25th, on the lead lap.

For 2014, Swan Racing announced Kligerman's hiring for the full 2014 season, as part of an expansion to two full-time teams, alongside Cole Whitt.[12] During a practice session for the 2014 Daytona 500, Kligerman was involved in an accident that saw his car overturned into the catch fencing, but was uninjured.[13]

Due to sponsorship woes and on track struggles including many DNFs and wrecked race cars in the first eight races, Swan was forced to sell off both of its teams prior to Richmond, with the No. 30 points being bought by Xxxtreme Motorsport, who already had a driver in J. J. Yeley.[14] Thus, Kligerman was without a ride. However, Swan continued to keep Kligerman under contract for the remainder of the year in the event they would resume operations.[15] On May 14, Stewart-Haas Racing announced that Kligerman would serve as a practice and stand-by driver for Kurt Busch in the No. 41 at the Sprint All-Star Race and Coca-Cola 600 when Busch was attempting the 600-Indianapolis 500 "Double Duty".[16] Kligerman began working with NBC Sports Network (NBCSN) as an analyst later in the 2014 season. In September, he announced that he would test an Indy Lights car for Schmidt Peterson Motorsports.[17]

In 2015, Kligerman continued his work with NBCSN, including commentary on tape-delayed broadcasts of the K&N Pro Series. At Darlington in September, he returned to competition, driving the No. 97 Chevrolet for Obaika Racing in the Xfinity Series.

On February 3, 2016, it was announced that Kligerman would drive the No. 92 Ford F-150 for RBR Enterprises at Daytona in the Truck Series.[18] In July, Kligerman joined Athenian Motorsports for the Truck race at Kentucky, replacing an injured John Wes Townley.[19] Before the Martinsville race, Kligerman and RBR mutually parted ways leaving Kligerman without a ride. Kligerman was called to drive the No. 75 truck for Henderson Motorsports to drive at Talladega. Kligerman would not make the race, after sustaining a brake issue during qualifying.

In 2017, Kligerman returned to Henderson Motorsports to run 8–10 races in addition to serving as a Cup Series and Xfinity Series pit reporter for NBC Sports.[20] After starting the year with a DNQ at Daytona,[21] Kligerman won at the schedule's second plate track Talladega in October.[22]

After three years out of the series, in May 2018, Kligerman joined Gaunt Brothers Racing for his Cup Series return in the Coca-Cola 600.[23] In 2019, he ran 14 races for GBR, recording a best finish of 15th in the Daytona 500 and 1000Bulbs.com 500. He did not return to the team in 2020.[24]

Personal life

Kligerman was born in Stamford and lived there until he was 11 then moved to neighboring Westport, Connecticut where he stayed there until his move to NASCAR. Kligerman is the co-founder and president of Focus Now Solutions, the manufacturer of focus-enhancing beverage product Focus7 Shot.[25] Kligerman also is a writer at auto blog Jalopnik, as well as at NBCSports.com, and produced a weekly podcast called "Kickin’ it with Kligerman” March 2014 to January 2015. [26]

He graduated from Staples High School in his hometown of Westport, Connecticut in 2009.

Kligerman currently lives in Stamford.

Motorsports career results

NASCAR

(key) (Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. Italics – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led.)

Monster Energy Cup Series

Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series results
Year Team No. Make 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 MENCC Pts Ref
2012 Penske Racing 22 Dodge DAY PHO LVS BRI CAL MAR TEX KAN RCH TAL DAR CLT DOV POC MCH SON KEN DAY NHA IND POC GLN MCH
QL
BRI ATL RCH CHI NHA DOV TAL CLT KAN MAR TEX PHO HOM NA - [27]
2013 Swan Racing Company 30 Toyota DAY PHO LVS BRI CAL MAR TEX KAN RCH TAL DAR CLT DOV POC MCH SON KEN DAY NHA IND POC GLN MCH BRI ATL RCH CHI NHA DOV KAN CLT TAL MAR TEX
18
PHO HOM
25
59th 01 [28]
2014 Swan Racing DAY
29
PHO
42
LVS
40
BRI
34
CAL
42
MAR
41
TEX
40
DAR
30
RCH TAL KAN CLT DOV POC MCH SON KEN DAY NHA IND POC GLN MCH BRI ATL RCH CHI NHA DOV KAN CLT TAL MAR TEX PHO HOM 47th 54 [29]
2018 Gaunt Brothers Racing 96 Toyota DAY ATL LVS PHO CAL MAR TEX BRI RCH TAL DOV KAN CLT
27
POC MCH SON
23
CHI DAY KEN NHA POC GLN
24
MCH BRI DAR IND LVS RCH CLT DOV TAL KAN MAR TEX
31
PHO HOM 60th 01 [30]
2019 DAY
15
ATL
30
LVS
31
PHO CAL MAR TEX
27
BRI RCH TAL
27
DOV KAN CLT
26
POC MCH SON
30
CHI DAY
31
KEN NHA POC GLN
26
MCH BRI DAR IND
36
LVS RCH CLT
26
DOV TAL
15
KAN
29
MAR TEX
22
PHO HOM 47th 01 [31]
– Qualified for Sam Hornish Jr.
Daytona 500
Year Team Manufacturer Start Finish
2014 Swan Racing Toyota 41 29
2019 Gaunt Brothers Racing Toyota 25 15

Xfinity Series

NASCAR Xfinity Series results
Year Team No. Make 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 NXSC Pts Ref
2009 Penske Racing 22 Dodge DAY CAL LVS BRI TEX NSH PHO TAL RCH DAR CLT DOV NSH KEN MLW NHA DAY CHI GTY IRP IOW GLN MCH BRI CGV ATL RCH DOV KAN
16
CAL CLT MEM TEX PHO HOM
DNQ
95th 208 [32]
Smith-Ganassi Racing 42 Dodge HOM
25
2010 DAY
Wth
CAL
22
LVS
35
BRI
DNQ
NSH PHO TEX TAL
31
RCH DAR DOV CLT
DNQ
NSH KEN ROA NHA CHI
13
GTY IRP IOW GLN MCH BRI
9
KAN
24
CAL TEX
34
PHO HOM
13
39th 1090 [33]
Penske Racing 26 Dodge DAY
13
CGV
8
ATL RCH
15
DOV CLT
43
22 GTY
QL
2011 DAY PHO LVS BRI CAL TEX TAL NSH RCH DAR DOV IOW CLT CHI MCH ROA DAY KEN NHA NSH IRP IOW GLN CGV BRI
9
ATL RCH CHI DOV KAN CLT TEX PHO HOM 115th 01 [34]
2012 DAY PHO LVS BRI CAL TEX RCH TAL DAR IOW
8
CLT DOV
12
MCH ROA KEN DAY NHA CHI
7
IND IOW GLN CGV BRI ATL RCH CHI KEN DOV CLT KAN TEX PHO HOM 120th 01 [35]
2013 Kyle Busch Motorsports 77 Toyota DAY
5
PHO
19
LVS
30
BRI
9
CAL
4
TEX
12
RCH
11
TAL
6
DAR
15
CLT
9
DOV
11
IOW
14
MCH
25
ROA
3
KEN
16
DAY
18
NHA
20
CHI
6
IND
18
IOW
16
GLN
6
MOH
13
BRI
35
ATL
16
RCH
36
CHI
8
KEN
29
DOV
7
KAN
7
CLT
9
TEX
13
PHO
12
HOM
7
9th 993 [36]
2015 Obaika Racing 97 Chevy DAY ATL LVS PHO CAL TEX BRI RCH TAL IOW CLT DOV MCH CHI DAY KEN NHA IND IOW GLN MOH BRI ROA DAR
21
RCH CHI KEN DOV CLT KAN TEX PHO HOM 68th 23 [37]
2017 Precision Performance Motorsports 46 Chevy DAY ATL LVS PHO CAL TEX BRI RCH TAL CLT DOV POC MCH IOW DAY KEN NHA IND IOW GLN MOH BRI ROA
10
DAR RCH CHI KEN DOV CLT KAN TEX PHO HOM 102nd 01 [38]
– Qualified for Brad Keselowski

Gander RV & Outdoors Truck Series

NASCAR Gander RV & Outdoors Truck Series results
Year Team No. Make 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 NGTC Pts Ref
2010 Brad Keselowski Racing 29 Ram DAY ATL MAR NSH KAN DOV CLT TEX MCH IOW GTY IRP POC NSH DAR BRI CHI KEN NHA LVS MAR TAL TEX
9
PHO HOM 88th 138 [39]
2011 DAY
15
PHO
32
DAR
14
MAR
13
NSH
10
DOV
21
CLT
8
KAN
11
TEX
2
KEN
2
IOW
22
NSH
5
IRP
11
POC
13
MCH
23
BRI
10
ATL
12
CHI
4
NHA
18
KEN
29
LVS
10
TAL
28
MAR
21
TEX
28
HOM
14
11th 728 [40]
2012 DAY
11
MAR
11
CAR
9
KAN
8
CLT
11
DOV
2
TEX
10
KEN
19
IOW
10
CHI
5
POC
7
5th 778 [41]
Red Horse Racing 7 Toyota MCH
4
BRI
2
ATL
4
IOW
23*
KEN
2
LVS
19
TAL
1
MAR
9
TEX
2
PHO
27
HOM
7
2013 BRG Motorsports 20 Toyota DAY MAR CAR KAN CLT DOV TEX KEN IOW ELD POC MCH BRI MSP IOW CHI LVS TAL
4
MAR TEX PHO HOM 90th 01 [42]
2014 58 DAY
29
MAR KAN CHA DOV TEX GTW KEN IOW ELD POC MCH BRI MSP CHI NHA LVS TAL MAR TEX PHO HOM 107th 01 [43]
2016 RBR Enterprises 92 Ford DAY
3
ATL
8
MAR
8
KAN
31
DOV
27
CLT
18
TEX
20
IOW
31
GTW BRI
20
MCH MSP CHI NHA LVS
14
24th 164 [44]
Athenian Motorsports 05 Chevy KEN
19
ELD POC
Henderson Motorsports 75 Toyota TAL
DNQ
MAR TEX PHO HOM
2017 DAY
DNQ
ATL
31
MAR KAN CLT
10
DOV
21
TEX GTW IOW KEN
7
ELD POC MCH BRI
8
MSP
8
CHI NHA LVS TAL
1
MAR TEX PHO HOM 26th 184 [45]
2018 Chevy DAY
28
ATL
11
LVS MAR DOV
28
KAN CLT
7
TEX IOW GTW CHI KEN
27
ELD POC MCH BRI
4
MSP LVS TAL
28
MAR
16
TEX PHO HOM 24th 172 [46]
2019 DAY ATL
20
LVS MAR TEX DOV KAN CLT TEX IOW GTW CHI KEN POC ELD MCH BRI
13
MSP LVS TAL MAR PHO HOM
10
41st 72 [47]
2020 DAY LVS CLT
DNQ
ATL
DNQ
HOM POC
15
KEN
18
TEX KAN KAN MCH
9
DAY
8
DOV
34
GTW DAR RCH BRI
4
LVS TAL KAN
15
TEX MAR
24
PHO 28th 175 [48]

* Season still in progress
1 Ineligible for series points

ARCA Racing Series

(key) (Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. Italics – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led.)

ARCA Racing Series results
Year Team No. Make 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 ARSC Pts Ref
2008 Cunningham Motorsports 77 Dodge DAY SLM IOW KEN CAR KEN TOL POC MCH CAY KEN BLN POC NSH ISF DSF CHI SLM NJE
6
TAL TOL
9
47th 645 [49]
2009 DAY
7
SLM
3
CAR
5
TAL
7
KEN
17
TOL
1
POC
6
MCH
1
MFD
1*
IOW
1*
KEN
1*
BLN
6
POC
21
ISF
1
CHI
17
TOL
3*
DSF
1
NJE
2
SLM
2
KAN
1*
CAR
1*
2nd 5710 [50]
2016 Cunningham Motorsports 22 Dodge DAY NSH SLM TAL TOL NJE
1*
POC MCH MAD WIN IOW 52nd 450 [51]
Athenian Motorsports 05 Chevy IRP
8
POC BLN ISF DSF SLM CHI KEN KAN

References

  1. Kligerman to open season driving for Team 42 Racing, NASCAR, February 1, 2010, Retrieved 2010-02-06
  2. Fryer, Jenna. "Busch makes it 2 for 2 at Bristol". Yahoo! Sports. Retrieved 22 August 2010.
  3. Utter, Jim. "Dodge seeking balance in 2012". Charlotte Observer. Charlotte, North Carolina. Archived from the original on 2012-09-04. Retrieved 2012-02-25.
  4. "Kligerman released from Brad Keselowski Racing". The Miami Herald. Miami, FL. August 6, 2012. Retrieved 2012-08-06.
  5. "Kligerman signs on with Red Horse Racing". NASCAR. Turner Sports. August 9, 2012. Retrieved August 9, 2012.
  6. Adamczyk, Jay (August 13, 2012). "Kligerman to help Hornish Jr. at MIS". Jayski's Silly Season Site. ESPN. Archived from the original on November 16, 2013. Retrieved 2012-08-13.
  7. "Parker Kligerman gets 1st Trucks win". ESPN. Associated Press. October 6, 2012. Retrieved 2012-12-08.
  8. Barend, Travis (November 16, 2012). "Parker Kligerman Wins Camping World Truck Series Homestead Pole". TracksideChatter.com. Archived from the original on March 18, 2013. Retrieved 2013-07-18.
  9. Moody, Dave (November 21, 2012). "Kligerman To Run Nationwide For Kyle Busch Motorsports In 2013, Townley To Red Horse Truck Team". Godfather Motorsports. Retrieved 2012-12-08.
  10. Wilson, Steven B. (October 15, 2013). "Parker Kligerman to Pilot the No.30 Toyota at Texas". Speedway Digest. Retrieved 2013-10-15.
  11. Hawkins, Stephen (November 3, 2013). "Johnson takes Cup lead with dominating Texas win; Westport's Kligerman 18th in series debut". The Hour. Norwalk, CT. Retrieved 2013-11-06.
  12. "Swan Racing announces 2014 Cup lineup". NASCAR.com. December 3, 2013. Retrieved December 3, 2013.
  13. Hembree, Mike; Nate Ryan; Jeff Gluck (February 19, 2014). "Daytona practice crash damages fence, forces drivers to backups". USA Today. McLean, VA. Retrieved February 20, 2014.
  14. Caraveillo, David (April 23, 2014). "Swan Breakup Leaves Kligerman Without Ride". NASCAR.com. Retrieved April 23, 2014.
  15. Associated Press (April 23, 2014). "Swan Racing sells 2 cars, keeps Kligerman in fold". USA Today. Retrieved April 23, 2014.
  16. Caraviello, David (May 14, 2014). "KLIGERMAN TO STAND BY FOR BUSCH IN CHARLOTTE". NASCAR. Retrieved May 14, 2014.
  17. Reiman, Samuel (September 9, 2014). "Parker Kligerman to test an Indy Lights car this weekend". Fox Sports. Retrieved 2014-09-14.
  18. "Kligerman to drive for RBR in Daytona Truck race". The Fayetteville Observer. February 4, 2016. Retrieved February 4, 2016.
  19. "POSSIBLE CONCUSSION SIDELINES TOWNLEY AT KENTUCKY". NASCAR. July 6, 2016. Retrieved July 7, 2016.
  20. Wolkin, Joseph (January 19, 2017). "Parker Kligerman to Compete for Henderson Motorsports, Expand Role with NBC Sports in 2017". Frontstretch. Retrieved January 19, 2017.
  21. "2017 NextEra Energy Resources 250". Racing-Reference. Retrieved October 14, 2017.
  22. Associated Press (October 14, 2017). "Parker Kligerman wins at Talladega as John Hunter Nemechek advances in playoffs". ESPN. Retrieved October 14, 2017.
  23. DeGroot, Nick (May 10, 2018). "Parker Kligerman to run Coke 600 at Charlotte with Gaunt Brothers". Motorsport.com. Retrieved May 10, 2018.
  24. Long, Dustin (January 17, 2020). "Parker Kligerman will not return to No. 96 Cup car". NBC Sports. Retrieved January 17, 2020.
  25. "Focus7 Shot Homepage". Focus7 Shot. March 2, 2016. Retrieved March 2, 2016.
  26. Hainsfurther, Adam (March 29, 2014). "Kligerman focuses on NASCAR's future". The Roanoke Times. Retrieved April 13, 2014.
  27. "Parker Kligerman – 2012 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series Results". Racing-Reference. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
  28. "Parker Kligerman – 2013 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series Results". Racing-Reference. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
  29. "Parker Kligerman – 2014 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series Results". Racing-Reference. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
  30. "Parker Kligerman – 2018 Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series Results". Racing-Reference. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
  31. "Parker Kligerman – 2019 Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series Results". Racing-Reference. Retrieved February 17, 2019.
  32. "Parker Kligerman – 2009 NASCAR Nationwide Series Results". Racing-Reference. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
  33. "Parker Kligerman – 2010 NASCAR Nationwide Series Results". Racing-Reference. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
  34. "Parker Kligerman – 2011 NASCAR Nationwide Series Results". Racing-Reference. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
  35. "Parker Kligerman – 2012 NASCAR Nationwide Series Results". Racing-Reference. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
  36. "Parker Kligerman – 2013 NASCAR Nationwide Series Results". Racing-Reference. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
  37. "Parker Kligerman – 2015 NASCAR Xfinity Series Results". Racing-Reference. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
  38. "Parker Kligerman – 2017 NASCAR Xfinity Series Results". Racing-Reference. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
  39. "Parker Kligerman – 2010 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series Results". Racing-Reference. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
  40. "Parker Kligerman – 2011 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series Results". Racing-Reference. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
  41. "Parker Kligerman – 2012 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series Results". Racing-Reference. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
  42. "Parker Kligerman – 2013 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series Results". Racing-Reference. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
  43. "Parker Kligerman – 2014 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series Results". Racing-Reference. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
  44. "Parker Kligerman – 2016 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series Results". Racing-Reference. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
  45. "Parker Kligerman – 2017 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series Results". Racing-Reference. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
  46. "Parker Kligerman – 2018 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series Results". Racing-Reference. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
  47. "Parker Kligerman – 2019 NASCAR Gander Outdoors Truck Series Results". Racing-Reference. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
  48. "Parker Kligerman – 2020 NASCAR Gander RV & Outdoors Truck Series Results". Racing-Reference. Retrieved November 11, 2020.
  49. "Parker Kligerman – 2008 ARCA Re/Max Series Results". Racing-Reference. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
  50. "Parker Kligerman – 2009 ARCA Re/Max Series Results". Racing-Reference. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
  51. "Parker Kligerman – 2016 ARCA Racing Series Results". Racing-Reference. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.