Hélio Castroneves

Hélio Castroneves (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈɛlju ˈkastɾu ˈnɛvis]) (born Hélio Alves de Castro Neves; 10 May 1975), is a Brazilian auto racing driver. He won the Indianapolis 500 three times: in 2001, 2002, and 2009, the 2021 24 Hours of Daytona with Wayne Taylor Racing, and was runner-up in the IndyCar Series drivers' championship in 2002, 2008, 2013, and 2014. He won the IMSA WeatherTech SportsCar Championship in 2020. Castroneves began competitive go-karting at age 10, before progressing to car racing, in the Formula Chevrolet Brazil, Formula 3 Sudamericana, the British Formula Three Championship, and Indy Lights. He entered Championship Auto Racing Teams (CART) in 1998 with Bettenhausen Racing and with Hogan Racing in 1999, achieving one second place each with both teams. Castroneves moved to Team Penske in place of Greg Moore for 2000 and 2001, winning three races in both years.

This name uses Portuguese naming customs: the first or maternal family name is Alves de Castro and the second or paternal family name is Neves.
Hélio Castroneves
Castroneves at the final day of practice for the 2009 Indianapolis 500.
NationalityBrazilian
BornHélio Alves de Castro Neves
(1975-05-10) 10 May 1975
São Paulo, Brazil
IndyCar Series career
272 races run over 20 years
Team(s)No. 06. (Meyer Shank Racing)
2017 position4th
Best finish2nd (2002, 2008, 2013, 2014)
First race2001 Pennzoil Copper World Indy 200 (Phoenix)
Last race2020 IndyCar Harvest GP Race 2 (Indianapolis Motor Speedway Road Course)
First win2001 Indianapolis 500 (Indianapolis)
Last win2017 Iowa Corn 300 (Iowa)
Wins Podiums Poles
24 83 47
Champ Car career
79 races run over 4 years
Years active1998–2001
Team(s)Bettenhausen Racing
Hogan Racing
Team Penske
Best finish4th (2001)
First race1998 Marlboro Grand Prix of Miami (Homestead)
Last race2001 Marlboro 500 (Fontana)
First win2000 Tenneco Automotive Grand Prix of Detroit (Detroit)
Last win2001 Miller Lite 200 (Mid-Ohio)
Wins Podiums Poles
6 10 7
Previous series
1993–1994
1995
1996–1997		Formula 3 Sudamericana
British Formula Three Championship
Indy Lights
Championship titles
2001, 2002, 2009
2001
2020		Indianapolis 500 Winner

Indianapolis 500 Rookie of the Year
WeatherTech SportsCar Championship (DPi)

He debuted in the Indy Racing League (IRL) in 2001, winning the Indianapolis 500. Castroneves drove full time in the IRL from 2002, winning the Indy 500 for a second straight year and finishing runner-up to Sam Hornish Jr. in the championship. He finished third in 2003 and 2006 and was runner-up to Scott Dixon in 2008. Following his acquittal of tax evasion and conspiracy in early 2009, he won the Indianapolis 500 for the third time, and was fourth three times over the next four seasons, before coming second to Dixon in 2013, and his Penske teammate Will Power in 2014. Castroneves achieved his final series win in 2017 before leaving full-time IndyCar racing to make his WeatherTech SportsCar Championship debut with Penske at the 2017 Petit Le Mans, paired with Ricky Taylor. He won one race and finished seventh in the 2018 Prototype standings and improved to third with five podiums in 2019. In 2020, he would win three races in a row, and his first auto racing title.

Castroneves is one of the most popular drivers in IndyCar for his personality, and his celebration of climbing the fencing beside a track after a victory, for which he was sometimes nicknamed "Spider-Man". Castroneves won the fifth season of Dancing with the Stars with professional dancer Julianne Hough.

Early and personal life

Castroneves was born in São Paulo, Brazil on May 10, 1975,[1][2] to automobile dealer Helio Castroneves Sr and former school teacher Sandra Alves de Castroneves.[3][4] He has an elder sister, Katiucia,[5] who is his business manager.[6] In 1977, the family moved to Ribeirão Preto,[7] an agricultural town about 150 mi (240 km) northwest of São Paulo,[5][6] to allow his father to find business in the region's thriving ethanol processing industry.[3] He was educated in the São Paulo school system.[8] In 2000, he changed his surname from Castro-Neves to Castroneves to stop the media misidentifying him as "Helio Neves" or "Helio Castro".[9] Castroneves has a daughter with his long-time partner Adriana Henao.[10]

Karting career

From early 1981 to 1986, Castroneves observed his father's minor stock car team race on weekends by being sneaked into a car's trunk in racing overalls and helmet, allowing him into a circuit.[lower-alpha 1][6] At age seven, he was given a child-sized motorized car for frequent driving on the streets of his gated community and asked his father about a go-kart.[11] On his 11th birthday, Castroneves received his first go-kart from race car driver Alfredo Guaraná Menezes,[3] and began driving at a karting track in São Paulo.[6] His mother disliked racing, urging him to focus on schooling and enrolling him on less dangerous sports,[6] such as association football, judo, swimming, tennis, and volleyball. Castroneves played those sports infrequently before telling his mother he wanted to focus on racing.[12] He was inspired by Ayrton Senna, a three-time Formula One world champion.[13]

His father enrolled him on the Karting State Championships in São Paulo in early 1987. Castroneves won his first trophy mid-year by bettering himself, as his father sold his Rio de Janeiro property to establish and finance a karting team around his son.[12] At age 13, he was taken off full-time schooling to learn more about karting from his father and team members. Castroneves' mother disapproved because she believed he could opt to stop karting and was fearful of him not having a back-up career.[7] Castroneves won the 1989 Brazilian National Go-Kart Championship at age 14.[11] Around this time, he and his family began watching Championship Auto Racing Teams (CART) and Formula One racing on television. From October 1989 to March 1990, Castroneves did weightlifting and played tennis to improve his physique.[14]

In 1990, he forfeited the Brazilian National Go-Kart Championship and flew to Italy to enter the Karting World Cup to acquaint himself with the more powerful and gripper European go-karts. A mix-up of his registration papers with the Confederação Brasileira de Automobilismo (English: Brazilian Autosport Confederation) and talks with the Commission Internationale de Karting in Switzerland prevented him from entering until a fellow karter sustained an arm injury. Castroneves finished the race 16th.[15] He raced in the 1991 Karting World Cup in France without registration trouble,[15] finishing 25th,[16] and won more races in Brazil.[15]

Junior car racing career

Aged 16 in late 1991, Castroneves progressed into car racing, competing in Formula Chevrolet Brazil, a series for finishing go-karters. His parents hired a trainer to help him lift weights for better car control and took him to a local recreational center. Negotiations to drive for the Arisco team fell through when it asked for $200,000 in sponsorship, causing his father to spend $250,000 on his own team.[17] Driving a Copral-Berta-Chevrolet car, Castroneves was championship runner-up with one victory and 92 points in the eight-round season. He moved to the higher-tier Formula 3 Sudamericana in 1993 driving a Ralt RT34-Mugen Honda car with Copral and later the funded Amir Nasr Racing Team.[lower-alpha 2][16][19] Castroneves' five-year old car was worn, held together by duct tape, with no aerial to communicate to his team by radio.[lower-alpha 3][6] He was championship runner-up to Argentinean driver Fernando Croceri with four victories, eight podium finishes and 57 points.[lower-alpha 4][16]

Castroneves driving for Paul Stewart Racing at the Silverstone Circuit round of the 1995 British Formula Three Championship.

Castroneves progressed to the Brazilian Formula Three Championship in 1994 with the Amir Nasr Racing Team, finishing second overall with three victories, four pole positions and 52 points from eight races.[16] For 1995, Castroneves drove a Dallara F395-Mugen Honda car for Paul Stewart Racing in the British Formula Three Championship.[16][19] His father obtained sponsorship from a Brazilian bank,[19] and mid-way through 1995, sold his business assets, private company and Katicia's university apartment to help finance his son's career.[6] Castroneves was third in the drivers' championship with 169 points, six podiums and a win at Donington Park. He finished third in the Masters of Formula 3 at Circuit Zandvoort and crashed out the Macau Grand Prix.[16]

In November 1995, a Philip Morris International executive asked Castroneves whether he wanted to enter a four-day Indy Lights (CART's developmental series) test session at Phoenix International Raceway's oval track against nine other drivers. Although he did not finish the test due to exhaustion, he signed to drive Tasman Motorsports' third car with partial funding from the team and the rest from a corporate sponsor after another year in F3 was financially unfeasible.[20] Driving the No. 8 Lola T93/20-Buick car in the 1996 season,[21] Castroneves won at Circuit Trois-Rivières and achieved seven top-tens for seventh overall with 84 points.[22] A series of accidents and Castroneves' lack of English frustrated him, and he briefly spoke to a sports psychologist for help mid-season.[lower-alpha 5][6]

For the 1997 season, he remained at Tasman Motorsport, but was told his sponsor was leaving, forcing Katicia to promote him to several Brazilian companies. He and team owner Steve Horne agreed if he won five races, Horne would retain all prize monies until Castroneves paid him what he was owed, effectively driving for free.[25] Driving the No. 29 Lola T97/20-Buick car,[16] Castroneves was championship runner-up to teammate Tony Kanaan,[26] winning three of the twelve races, six top tens, four pole positions, and 152 points.[22] On June 11, 1997, the two-time Indianapolis 500 winner Emerson Fittipaldi became Castroneves' manager and sponsorship finder.[27][28]

CART

1998–1999

In January 1998, Bettenhausen Racing owner Tony Bettenhausen Jr. invited him to test for his CART team at Sebring International Raceway;[29] Castroneves signed to drive its No. 16 Reynard 98i-Mercedes-Benz car in the 1998 season,[30][31] and was assigned former Penske Racing employee Tom Brown as his race engineer.[29] During practice for the season-opening Grand Prix of Miami at Homestead–Miami Speedway, Castroneves sustained a sore head in an accident but medical officials cleared him to race.[30] Castroneves had his first career top-ten finish, a ninth at the Grand Prix of Long Beach, followed by a season-high second in the Miller 200 at Milwaukee Mile.[31] He was 17th in the drivers' championship with 36 points,[31] and was second to Kanaan in the Rookie of the Year standings.[26][32]

In mid-1998 Chip Ganassi Racing wanted Castroneves to replace the Formula One-bound Alex Zanardi; Team Rahal were also interested in him. Fittipaldi blocked both deals because he felt Mercedes-Benz was CART's best engine.[30] Bettenhausen Racing fired Castroneves in January 1999, and replaced him with the sponsored Shigeaki Hattori.[32] Castroneves agreed with team owner Carl Hogan on January 26 to drive for Hogan Racing in 1999 in place of JJ Lehto on the condition he paid $3 million in sponsorship to the team.[28][30] He drove the No. 9 Lola B99/00-Mercedes-Benz car,[31][33] which was unreliable, and its engine inconsistent in producing power.[34][35] Castroneves finished ninth in the Firestone Firehawk 500K at Twin Ring Motegi, which preceded a second place in the Motorola 300 at Gateway International Raceway.[31] In the Miller Lite 225 at Milwaukee, Castroneves achieved his first CART pole position.[36] The rest of the season saw him achieve four more top-tens and finishing 15th in the points standings with 48.[31]

2000–2001

Post-season, Hogan closed his CART team because Fittipaldi was unable to provide him with the requested sponsorship money and consequently, stopped paying Castroneves a salary.[37] Castroneves and his sister negotiated without Fittipaldi's help with Walker Racing to replace the outgoing Gil de Ferran and also Team Rahal without success.[38] Following the death of Greg Moore in an accident at the season-ending Marlboro 500 at California Speedway, Penske owner Roger Penske, team president Tim Cindric, attorneys, and sports agent Alan Miller negotiated and agreed on November 5 to a three-year contract for Castroneves after pressure from sponsor Marlboro to find a replacement driver by that date. Castroneves ended his working relationship with Fittipaldi soon after for career mismanagement.[lower-alpha 6][39]

For the 2000 season, Penske stopped building cars, switched to a Reynard 2Ki, changed engine manufacturers from Mercedes-Benz to Honda, and tire supplier from Goodyear to Firestone in a bid to improve performance.[33][40] Castroneves found the Honda engine's driveability different than Mercedes-Benz's,[41] and was at first, not friends with his teammate de Ferran because they were competitors.[42] He finished second at the Grand Prix of Long Beach, his only points finish in the first six races. He led the final 24 laps of the Grand Prix of Detroit in his first series victory after Juan Pablo Montoya retired with mechanical trouble. Castroneves won the Miller Lite 200 at Mid-Ohio Sports Car Course, and took five top-tens and a third victory in the Grand Prix of Monterey at Laguna Seca.[40] He was seventh in the drivers' championship with 129 points,[31] and was named the inaugural winner of the Greg Moore Legacy Award as "the driver who best typifies Moore's outstanding talent on the track as well as displaying a dynamic personality with the fans, media and the CART community."[43]

In 2001, he drove the No. 3 Reynard 01i-Honda,[33] and journalist David Phillips considered him a championship contender.[44] Castroneves changed his strategy on a race-by-race basis, and was supported by de Ferran and his teammate's pit crew.[45] At the season's second race, the Grand Prix of Long Beach, he qualified in the pole position and led all 82 laps for his fourth career win.[46] Castroneves started from pole position in the Firestone Firehawk 500 at Motegi, leading more laps than any other driver to finish second, and led every lap of the Grand Prix of Detroit for his second victory of 2001.[47] He achieved a third win at the Miller Lite 200 to go one point behind championship leader Kenny Bräck,[48] and overtook the latter after finishing seventh in the Motorola 220.[49] Castroneves lost the points lead after coming 18th in Indy Vancouver, but claimed three top sixes in the final six races to finish fourth in the drivers' standings with 141 points.[31]

IndyCar Series

2001–2004

He debuted in the Indy Racing League (IRL) in 2001, driving Penske's No. 68 Dallara IR-01-Oldsmobile car,[31][33] at the season-opening Pennzoil Copper World Indy 200 at Phoenix to understand the series before the Indianapolis 500.[50] Castroneves started 17th but retired with engine failure after ​3⁄4 race distance.[47] He qualified 11th for his first Indianapolis 500 and led the final 52 laps to win the race at his first attempt.[51]

Castroneves en route to winning the 2002 Indianapolis 500, his second of three victories at the race.

Castroneves switched to the IRL from the 2002 season after Marlboro wanted Penske to focus on the American market.[47] Penske changed engine manufacturers from Oldsmobile to Chevrolet for its Dallara IR-02 car.[33] At Phoenix for the season's second race, he won from pole position after passing his teammate de Ferran on the 183rd lap.[52] Castroneves' season highlight was the Indianapolis 500, which he won in controversial circumstances. With 1​1⁄2 laps remaining, CART driver Paul Tracy overtook Castroneves for the lead, just as the yellow caution flag light came on for a two-car accident between Buddy Lazier and Laurent Redon. An appeal from Tracy's squad Team Green was rejected by IRL officials, upholding Castroneves' second successive Indianapolis 500 victory.[lower-alpha 7][1][54] He finished no lower than ninth in the next nine races,[31] and battled his teammate De Ferran and Panther Racing's Sam Hornish Jr. for the championship season-long.[55] Before the final round at Texas Motor Speedway Castroneves was 12 points behind Hornish and needed to win the race and for Hornish to come third or lower to claim the championship.[56] He finished second, 0.010 seconds behind Hornish,[54] ending the season runner-up with 511 points.[31]

Before the 2003 season, Penske allowed Castroneves to test for the Toyota Formula One team at Circuit Paul Ricard in France before a possible contract renewal. He impressed Toyota with his performance, but was told CART champion Cristiano da Matta signed as a race driver for 2003. Castroneves told Penske he would stay with the team, citing his fair and loyal treatment towards him.[57] The beginning of the season saw Castroneves earn two top threes in Homestead-Miami and Phoenix.[31] At the Indianapolis 500, he qualified on pole position; in the race, he led 58 laps and finished second. Castroneves took two straight second places at Richmond International Raceway and Kansas Speedway and won at Gateway International Raceway and Nazareth Speedway to take the points lead. A gearbox failure at Chicagoland Speedway leaving him 20th and a sixth in California meant he entered the season-ending Chevy 500 at Texas as one of five championship contenders and equal on points with Chip Ganassi Racing's Scott Dixon. A minor collision with Tony Kanaan took Castroneves out of title contention.[58] He was third in points with 484 scored.[31]

For the 2004 season, Hornish joined Castroneves at Penske after De Ferran retired from IndyCar;[59] at first, the two did not speak to each other often because of their differing personalities.[60] He led most of the season-opening Toyota Indy 300 before Hornish passed him on the final lap to win. Castroneves qualified eighth for his fourth Indianapolis 500. A lack of horsepower against the Honda-powered cars caused him to finish the rain-shortened race ninth. Two races later, Castroneves' first pole position of the season came in the SunTrust Indy Challenge at Richmond, where he finished third.[61] He took eight more top tens, four pole positions,[31] and overtook Andretti Green Racing's Dan Wheldon to lead the final 21 laps of the season-ending race at Texas for his only win of 2004.[61] Castroneves' finished fourth in the drivers' championship with 440 points.[31]

2005–2008

Penske's performance in 2004 saw Castroneves being viewed as an outsider for the 2005 title. He began the season with a fifth place in the Toyota Indy 300 and a second at the following XM Satellite Radio 200.[62] Starting the Indianapolis 500 from fifth position, Castroneves finished the race four places lower in ninth.[31] At Richmond for the SunTrust Indy Challenge two races later, he qualified second and led a race-high 112 laps to win.[63] The relationship between Castroneves and his teammate Hornish cooled after failed overtakes causing both drivers to collide.[62] He qualified on the pole position at Pikes Peak International Raceway and Watkins Glen International and took six top-tens in the final ten races,[62] finishing with 440 points for sixth in the drivers' championship.[31]

Before the 2006 season, Penske changed engine manufacturers from the under-powered Toyota to the more powerful Honda in its Dallara IR-05 car after Toyota withdrew from IndyCar.[64][33] Castroneves started fifth and led 40 laps for his first series road course win in the Grand Prix of St. Petersburg.[31] He took a second successive victory at Motegi, leading 184 laps from pole position to lead Wheldon by 42 championship points entering the Indianapolis 500.[64] After qualifying second, handling difficulties caused him to strike the turn four concrete barrier,[64] leaving him 25th after 109 laps.[31] Castroneves won the Bombardier LearJet 500 after strategic errors by his teammate Hornish and Chip Ganassi Racing before tire problems at Kansas and a sixth place at Kansas lost him the points lead to Hornish. A victory at Michigan International Speedway gave Castroneves a one-point lead over Hornish going into the final race in Chicago.[64] A fourth place put him third in points with 473.[31]

Castroneves practicing for the 2007 Indianapolis 500

For the 2007 season, Castroneves believed the competition would be stronger than in 2006.[65] The relationship between him and Hornish became cordial and the two shared information.[60] He began the year with four top-nines,[31] leading 95 laps from pole position to win the Grand Prix of St. Petersburg.[66] He took his third career Indianapolis 500 pole position;[31] pre-race electrical and fueling problems meant Castroneves finished the rain-shortened race third.[67] At the ABC Supply Company A.J. Foyt 225 at Milwaukee a week later, he took his third pole position of 2007, but a rear wing mounting failure on lap 201 caused him to crash while leading.[68] Castroneves took six top-nines, and three more pole positions in the final ten races for sixth place in the drivers' championship with 446 points.[31]

Castroneves began the 2008 season by finishing no lower than fourth in the first four rounds with consecutive second places at St. Petersburg and Motegi to take the early points lead.[69] He qualified fourth for the Indianapolis 500;[31] Castroneves lost the points lead to Dixon when front wing damage relegated him to fourth.[70] He finished second in both Texas and Richmond with consecutive pole positions at Nashville and Mid-Ohio, both of which did not result in a race victory.[31] Castroneves won the Peak Antifreeze Indy Grand Prix at Infineon Raceway by leading a race-high 51 laps from pole position to end a 29-race winless streak.[71] After finishing second in Detroit for illegally blocking Justin Wilson, he entered the season-ending Peak Antifreeze Indy 300 30 points behind championship leader Dixon. Castroneves needed to win the race and for Dixon to finish 11th or lower to become the champion.[72] He began in 28th due to a track limit penalty, beating Dixon by 0.0033 seconds in the second-closest finish in series history,[73] ending the season second in points with 629.[31]

Tax evasion trial

In late 2008, an Internal Revenue Service (IRS) jury charged Castroneves with conspiracy and six counts of tax evasion for failing to report $5.5 million of income from 1999 to 2004.[lower-alpha 8] The issue came about when Miller signed Castroneves' first contract with Penske following Moore's death due to pressure from sponsors to take Moore's seat. Miller negotiated the contract with Penske and removed all mentions of Moore with Castroneves' name.[37] Castroneves, who had been investigated by the IRS since 2004 when it issued 150 subpoenas to businesses and individuals who did business with him,[75] pleaded not guilty to the charges on October 3, and was ordered released on a $10 million bail.[76] The IRS said he owed them $2.3 million in taxes.[77]

During the trial, in which faced a maximum jail sentence of 6​1⁄2 years with subsequent deportation because he was a non-American citizen, and the loss of his contracts with companies he endorsed and Team Penske,[78] his indictment centered around whether he used Seven Productions, a Panamanian shell corporation set up by his father to obscure taxable income and improve his son's image in Brazil. Prosecutors called that a lie, showing jurors documents claiming Castroneves owned Seven Productions. An IRS agent testified Castroneves owed every amount of taxable income despite the driver not receiving any of it.[lower-alpha 9][79] The defense argued Castroneves focused on racing rather than his income; he was unaware of his finances and disliked Dutch and Panamanian business dealings. They said he was uninterested and could not understand his finances and signed papers without knowing their meaning.[78]

The trial ended with closing arguments on 10 April 2009. The jury deliberated until 17 April, when it acquitted Castroneves of the six counts of tax evasion but hung on the conspiracy charge.[lower-alpha 10] On 22 May, prosecutors dropped the remaining conspiracy charge.[79]

2009–2013
Castroneves driving in the 2009 Indianapolis 500, his third victory at the race.

Castroneves signed a multi-year contract with Penske from the 2009 season;[82] Will Power replaced him for the season-opening St. Petersburg race before returning at the Grand Prix of Long Beach.[77] Castroneves' season highlight was the Indianapolis 500, where he qualified fastest, and led twice for a total of 66 laps for his third victory there.[83] In the Bombardier Learjet 550 at Texas two races later, Castroneves achieved his second victory of 2009.[84] He took six more top-tens, including a second place in the Edmonton Indy,[31] and pole position in the Iowa Corn Indy 250 at Iowa Speedway.[85] Castroneves was eliminated from championship contention at Chicago,[86] and finished fourth overall with 433 points.[31]

Castroneves qualifying for the 2010 Indy Grand Prix of Sonoma

For the 2010 season, he felt Penske had reached the potential of its ageing Dallara-Honda car, and feared other teams would exploit this to close the performance gap.[87] Castroneves won the inaugural Indy Grand Prix of Alabama to extend his record of winning a race to ten straight seasons.[88] After qualifying on pole position for the Indianapolis 500, a stall in a pit stop relegated him to ninth.[89] Five races later, at the Honda Indy Edmonton, Castroneves was the first to finish, but was demoted to tenth after he was deemed to have blocked his teammate Power.[90] He won two consecutive races, at Kentucky Speedway and Motegi, before ending the season with a fifth at Homestead-Miami. With 531 points, Castroneves finished fourth in the drivers' standings.[31]

Castroneves driving in the 2011 Indy Japan: The Final

The beginning of the 2011 season saw him struggle in comparison with his previous years at Penske. Three collisions in the first four races meant Castroneves finished poorly in St. Petersburg, Long Beach and São Paulo; his best result in that period was a seventh at Birmingham, putting him 17th overall by the time of the Indianapolis 500 in May.[91][92] Castroneves qualified 16th for the race;[31] a flat tire and vibration left him one lap down in 17th.[93] The rest of Castroneves' season included two second places at Edmonton and Sonoma, and three top-nines. He was 11th overall with 312 points, his lowest finish since he was sixth in both 2005 and 2007. The 2011 season was the first since 1999 in which Castroneves did not achieve a race win.[31]

Castroneves competing in the 2012 Chevrolet Detroit Belle Isle Grand Prix

He signed a contract extension with Penske prior to the 2012 season.[94] At the season-opening Grand Prix of St. Petersburg, Castroneves passed J. R. Hildebrand with 26 laps to go to win.[95] He took pole position for the following Indy Grand Prix of Alabama and finished third.[31] In the Indianapolis 500, Castroneves qualified sixth, but finished tenth due to his car lacking downforce.[96] He then took three sixth places at Milwaukee, Iowa and Toronto. and won the Edmonton Indy to draw within 23 points of championship leader Ryan Hunter-Reay.[97] Castroneves ended the season with three more top-tens for fourth overall with 431 points.[31]

Castroneves resigned with Penske for the 2013 season;[98] the team modified his car in the off-season.[99] Two podiums in the season-opening Grand Prix of St. Petersburg and the following Honda Indy Grand Prix of Alabama gave him the points lead.[100] Castroneves fell to third after finishing 13th in the São Paulo Indy 300,[101] He qualified eighth for the Indianapolis 500;[31] rev limiter issues left him in sixth.[102] In the Firestone 550 at Texas, Castroneves led the final 132 laps to win, breaking a tie with Marco Andretti for the points lead.[103] Castroneves took two more second places at Milkwakee and the second Toronto race and finished no lower than ninth in the next eight races.[31] An opportunity for him to win the championship before the season was over came to nothing when gearbox problems in the Grand Prix of Houston double leader dropped 25 points behind Dixon.[104][105] To win the championship in the season-ending MAVTV 500 IndyCar World Championships, Castroneves needed to finish nine positions higher than Dixon.[106] A sixth place for Castroneves and a fifth for Dixon meant the former came second in points with 550.[107]

2014–2017
The Dallara DW12 car Castroneves drove in the 2014 season

He remained with Penske for the 2014 season.[99] Castrovenes finished third at the season-opening Grand Prix of St. Petersburg and the Grand Prix of Indianapolis three races later.[108] He qualified fourth for the Indianapolis 500,[31] and finished second, 0.0600 seconds behind Hunter-Reay in the second-closest finish in event history after a late race duel for the victory.[109] He won the second Detroit Belle Isle Grand Prix race after achieving the pole position for the first.[110] After three straight sub-par results,[108] Castroneves finished second in the Pocono IndyCar 500 at Pocono Raceway to tie his teammate Will Power for the points lead,[111] which took after finishing eighth in the Iowa Corn Indy 300.[112] He relinquished the points lead after a throttle problem left him 19th in the Honda Indy 200 at Mid-Ohio.[113] Entering the final race, the MAVTV 500 IndyCar World Championships, Castroneves was 51 points behind Power.[108] After winning the one point for the pole position, he had to win the race and for Power to finish seventh or lower to become the champion.[114] Castroneves came in 14th and finished second overall with 609 points.[31]

Castroneves sitting in his car on the final day of practice for the 2015 Indianapolis 500

For the 2015 season, his Penske car was fitted with Chevrolet's updated aerodynamic package.[115] Castroneves achieved consecutive second places in the Indy Grand Prix of Louisiana and the Grand Prix of Long Beach and two pole positions.[31] During practice for the Indianapolis 500, he lost control of his car in the first turn, and struck the barrier, flipping his car over 180 degrees and landing upside down.[116] He started fifth and ran consistently within the top five before finishing seventh.[117] The rest of the season saw Castroneves achieve consecutive third places in the Firestone 600 and the Honda Indy Toronto and a second place in the ABC Supply Wisconsin 250 along with two more pole positions for fourth overall with 453 points.[31]

Castroneves stayed with Penske for the 2016 season. At the Grand Prix of Long Beach, he led a race-high 47 laps from pole position but a strategy error left him third.[118] Castroneves took another podium finish two races later, a second place at the Grand Prix of Indianapolis.[119] After qualifying ninth for the Indianapolis 500, he led 24 laps, finishing 11th after a lap-160 collision with Hildebrand dislodged Castroneves' left-rear bumper pod.[120][121] Castroneves achieved two more podium finishes, a second in the Honda Indy Toronto,[122] and a third in the IndyCar Grand Prix at the Glen.[31] In the ABC Supply 500 at Pocono, the top of his vehicle was mounted by Alexander Rossi's airborne car after Rossi and Charlie Kimball collided in the pit lane. Castroneves was uninjured from the impact.[123] With 504 points, Castroneves was fourth in the drivers' championship.[31]

Castroneves driving in the 2017 Rainguard Water Sealers 600

He remained at Penske for the 2017 season. Castrovenes began with his third successive pole position at the Grand Prix of Long Beach; electrical problems left him ninth.[124] He led the first 73 laps of the Desert Diamond West Valley Phoenix Grand Prix for fourth after winning pole.[125] Castroneves began from a career-low 19th in the Indianapolis 500, moving through the field to finish second after a late race duel for the win with Takuma Sato.[126] He earned his 50th pole position in the Kohler Grand Prix at Road America,[127] and went on to lead 214 laps in his first victory in 54 races in the Iowa Corn 300.[128] Castroneves finished no lower than eighth in the next five races,[31] and entered the season's final race, the Grand Prix of Sonoma 22 points behind championship leader and teammate Josef Newgarden and 19 behind Dixon. A victory and Newgarden finishing third or lower and Dixon second or worse would give Castroneves the title.[129] He finished in fifth place to be fourth overall with 598 points.[130]

2018–2020

Post-season, he stepped down from IndyCar full-time to move to Penske's IMSA WeatherTech SportsCar Championship program.[131] Castroneves was entered into both the IndyCar Grand Prix and the Indianapolis 500 as part of his 2018 campaign; he prepared for the races by sharing notes with his teammates and familiarizing himself with the car.[132][133] Castroneves' team employed a strategy allowing him to finish sixth in the IndyCar Grand Prix.[133] At the Indianapolis 500, he started from eighth place, before losing control of his car in turn four and crashing on the 146th lap for a 27th-place finish.[134] In the 2019 season, he again entered both the IndyCar Grand Prix and the Indianapolis 500. Castroneves finished the IndyCar Grand Prix two laps behind the leaders in 21st.[135] He started 12th in the Indianapolis 500,[31] finishing the race 18th following a pit lane collision with the rear of James Davison's car earning him a drive-through penalty.[136] He began the 2020 Indianapolis 500 from 27th and finished the race in 11th.[137]

Castroneves signed to race for Arrow McLaren SP in place of the unfit Oliver Askew at the Harvest Grand Prix in his first IndyCar start for a team other than Penske since 1999.[138] He finished 20th in the first race and 21st in the second.[31] Castroneves has signed for Meyer Shank Racing to compete at six races in the 2021 season.[139]

Sports car career

Castroneves made his endurance racing debut in the 2006 Mil Milhas Brasil, winning after 374 laps in a shared GTP1-class Aston Martin DBR9 with Nelson Piquet, Nelson Piquet Jr., and Christophe Bouchut.[140] He entered at the 2007 24 Hours of Daytona (part of the Rolex Sports Car Series), sharing Michael Shank Racing's No. 60 Riley Daytona Prototype (DP) car with Hornish, Oswaldo Negri Jr. and Mark Patterson and finishing ninth.[141] Two months later, Castroneves drove the No. 7 Penske Porsche RS Spyder Evo car with Timo Bernhard and Romain Dumas in the Le Mans Prototype 2 (LMP2) category of the 12 Hours of Sebring (part of the American Le Mans Series),[142] finishing third in class and fifth overall.[141] He returned to the Rolex Sports Car Series to share the No. 9 Penske-Taylor Racing Riley DP car with Ryan Briscoe and Kurt Busch in the 2008 24 Hours of Daytona.[143] finishing 13th after starting third.[141] For the 2008 Petit Le Mans and the following 2008 Monterey Sports Car Championships Castroneves shared Penske's No. 5 Porsche RS Spyder Evo car with Briscoe,[141][144] winning the LMP2 category at Petit Le Mans.[145]

In 2016, Roger Penske asked Castroneves if he wanted a full time sports car career.[131] Although Castroneves wanted to remain in IndyCar,[146] he solicited advice from Indianapolis 500 winner Rick Mears because he had doubts about staying at Penske. Mears told Castroneves to remain at Penske because of Roger Penske's personality. Talks with several teams came close to employment but Castroneves decided to remain with Penske out of loyalty.[147] To prepare for the 2018 WeatherTech Sports Car Championship in a Acura ARX-05 car in the Daytona Prototype International (DPi) category, he drove the final race of the 2017 season, the Petit Le Mans.[148] Teamed with Montoya and Simon Pagenaud, he qualified the No. 6 Oreca 07-Gibson LMP2 car on pole position,[149] finishing the race third after a collision with Matteo Cressoni's Ferrari.[141][150]

The Acura ARX-05 car of Castroneves, Graham Rahal and Ricky Taylor in the 2018 12 Hours of Sebring.

He formally joined Penske's 2018 IMSA program in October 2017.[151] Castroneves was joined by Ricky Taylor for the entire season, and by Graham Rahal for the 24 Hours of Daytona, the 12 Hours of Sebring and Petit Le Mans.[141] He used his teammates Dane Cameron and Montoya as a reference,[152] and was in constant contact with his race engineer and Taylor.[153] Their car started second for the Daytona race, and finished ninth,[141] after Castroneves and Action Express Racing's Felipe Nasr collided in the 16th hour.[154] After starting third at Sebring, he retired after six hours with a loss of oil pressure.[155] In the Acura Sports Car Challenge at Mid-Ohio he and Taylor started from pole position, leading for 87 laps for his first series victory.[156] The final six races saw him achieve four top tens and finished second in the Chevrolet Sports Car Classic at Detroit.[141] Castroneves was seventh in the Prototype drivers' standings with 243 points and was third in the North American Endurance Cup.[157]

For the 2019 season, he remained at Penske in the new DPi class. He again partnered Taylor in the No. 7 car, joined by Rossi at the 24 Hours of Daytona and 12 Hours of Sebring and Rahal in the season-ending Petit Le Mans.[141] Castroneves and his co-drivers finished the rain-shortened Daytona season-opener third from starting second.[158] A fourth place at Sebring and a second in the following BUBBA Burger Sports Car Grand Prix at Long Beach moved him and Taylor to a season-high second in the DPi standings.[159] The rest of the season saw Castroneves and Taylor achieve two third places in the Chevrolet Sports Car Classic and the Petit Le Mans and a second place in the Monterey Grand Prix at Laguna Seca.[141] With 284 points, he finished third in the DPi standings and was joint fifth with Oliver Jarvis and Tristan Nunez of Mazda Team Joest in the North American Endurance Cup.[157]

Castroneves remained at Penske's IMSA program in 2020. He was again teamed with Taylor in the No. 7 vehicle, with Rossi joining them for the endurance races.[160] Castroneves' team was comprised in the fourth hour of the season-opening 24 Hours of Daytona following a collision with Harry Tincknell restricting them to finishing 22 laps down in eighth.[161] He won consecutive races in the rain-affected Road Race Showcase at Road America from pole position,[162] the Grand Prix of Road Atlanta,[163] and the Sports Car Challenge at Mid-Ohio.[164] Castroneves and Taylor won the championship at the season-ending 12 Hours of Sebring, his first in auto racing, by one point over Briscoe and Renger van der Zande.[165]

In the 2021 WeatherTech SportsCar Championship, he won the 2021 24 Hours of Daytona as an endurance driver in the No. 10 Wayne Taylor Racing Acura ARX-05 car he shared with Filipe Albuquerque, Rossi and Taylor.[166]

Other racing ventures
Castroneves' International Race of Champions car

Castroneves was invited to compete in the International Race of Champions in 2002, 2003, 2004, and 2005. Driving a Pontiac Firebird Trans Am, his best in the series was eighth with two podium finishes in 2002.[16] In the 2010 V8 Supercar Championship Series, Castroneves joined James Rosenberg Racing in its No. 47 Ford FG Falcon as Tim Slade's international co-driver for the Gold Coast 600 double header. He visited the team's factory for a seat fitting as preparation.[167] Castroneves and Slade finished outside the top ten in both races.[168] The following year, he again joined Slade at James Rosenberg at the Gold Coast 600 race of the 2011 International V8 Supercars Championship.[169] The duo finished the first race 12th and 10th in the second.[16]

In late 2012, Castroneves joined Shell Racing in the season-ending Stock Car Brasil race, the Stock Car Corrida do Milhão, after a sponsor invited him to enter with Roger Penske's support.[170] He finished the race 14th in a Peugeot 408.[16] Castroneves was signed as a guest driver for Shell Racing in the seventh round of the 2013 Stock Car Brasil at Ribeirão Preto Street Circuit;[171] doctors ordered his withdrawal due to sustaining bruised ribs, neck sprain and a deep shin cut in a practice accident.[172] In the 2017 off-season, he paired with Gabriel Glusman at the Latin America team in the 2017 Race of Champions Nations Cup,[173] being eliminated at the group stages.[174] He returned with the same team for the 2018 Race of Champions Nations Cup, this time with Montoya, finishing runner-up to Team Germany's Bernhard and René Rast.[175] At the 2019 Race of Champions, Castroneves joined Formula E champion Lucas di Grassi at Team Brazil,[176] being knocked out of the semi-finals of the Nations Cup by Team Germany's Mick Schumacher and Sebastian Vettel.[177] He is due to compete in the Superstar Racing Experience in 2021.[178]

Media appearances

Castroneves was encouraged by Olympic speed skater Apolo Ohno to participate on dance program Dancing with the Stars in 2007.[179] He was accepted onto its fifth season by the casting director and producers, who watched a video of him and his teammate's Hornish driving styles in different locations.[lower-alpha 11] He was paired with professional dancer Julianne Hough, with whom he built a rapport due to their similar personalities. He prepared by watching episodes of the fourth season and instruction videos.[lower-alpha 12][180] The couple lasted until the finals, which they won with a higher percentage of the public vote than singer Mel B.[181] When he won Dancing with the Stars Castroneves appeared on The Oprah Winfrey Show in February 2008.[182] From 2007 to 2010, he was a correspondent on Dancing with the Stars for Entertainment Tonight.[69][183][184]

In 2010, he collaborated with writer Marissa Matteo on his autobiography, Victory Road: The Ride of My Life.[24] Castroneves was inspired to write the book to convey his negative emotions in his tax evasion trial and how he dealt with them.[13] He was selected to be a judge on Miss Universe 2011, a beauty pageant held that September in São Paulo.[185] In 2012 Castroneves appeared on Dancing with the Stars 15th season and was partnered with Chelsie Hightower. The couple were eliminated in the competition's third week.[186] Castroneves appeared on December 17, 2012 edition of The Jeff Probst Show,[187] and took part on an episode of the third season of Celebrity Wife Swap in 2014.[188] In 2016, he was chosen to take part on American Ninja Warrior,[189] and teamed up with IndyCar drivers Conor Daly, James Hinchcliffe, Kanaan and Power on Celebrity Family Feud that same year.[190]

Public image and other interests
Castroneves climbing the fence to celebrate his win in the 2012 Honda Grand Prix of St. Petersburg

Castroneves was one of IndyCar's most popular drivers;[53] Dave Caldwell of The New York Times noted Castroneves' personality transcended IndyCar through his achievements and media attention outside it.[105] J.J. O'Malley of Auto Racing Digest wrote that Castroneves received some coverage for "his charisma and personality", adding, "The driver seems to permanently wear a smile, and he's not afraid to show his emotions."[26] After 2007, he became more recognized for winning Dancing with the Stars than his sporting achievements.[179][183] A merchandise sales tallying company attributed Castroneves' popularity outside racing for increasing IndyCar attendances by 68 percent in 2008.[lower-alpha 13][69] Of his IndyCar Series legacy, NBC Sports' Tony DiZinno said, "With four championship runner-ups in 2002, 2008, 2013 and 2014, Castroneves is your equivalent Dan Marino, Buffalo Bills or Mark Martin of IndyCar. He’ll forever be acknowledged as one of the best, but perhaps known more as the driver who never quite won a title".[192]

After winning a race, Castroneves celebrated by stopping his car, and climbing the catchfence to send a message of delight in achieving success. He began the tradition with his first CART victory in Detroit in 2000 and repeated it each time he won a race.[26][192] After this celebration, John Kernan, host of RPM 2Night, first gave Castroneves the nickname "Spider-Man",[193] and has been mimicked by other drivers in the following years.[193] His photogenic looks have been picked up the press,[5][26] Including People,[194] ESPN The Magazine, and Cosmopolitan.[26] Castroneves has done business with oil companies Pennzoil, Shell,[195] and electronics company SMS Audio.[196] In December 2004, he had an audience with Pope John Paul II and spoke to a congress on how Catholicism impacted his life and racing career.[197] Castroneves won the 2001 Indianapolis 500 Rookie of the Year and the 2004 Scott Brayton Award for "displaying the character that best exemplifies the racing spirit of the late Scott Brayton."[198] He was inducted into the Indy Lights Hall of Fame in 2014 as a 1997 graduate,[199] the Texas Motorsports Hall of Fame in November 2018,[200] and the Team Penske Hall of Fame in December 2020.[201]

Motorsports career results

American open–wheel racing results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (small number denotes finishing position)

Indy Lights
Year Team 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Rank Points
1996 Tasman Motorsports MIA
DNS		 LBH
4		 NAZ
17		 MIS
5		 MIL
11		 DET
17		 POR
8		 CLE
3		 TOR
23		 TRO
1		 VAN
10		 LS
2		 7th 84
1997 MIA
14		 LBH
1		 NAZ
4		 SAV
1		 STL
3		 MIL
12		 DET
2		 POR
2		 TOR
1		 TRO
20		 VAN
19		 LS
3		 FON
5		 2nd 152
Sources:[22][33]

CART results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (small number denotes finishing position)

Year Team 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Rank Points
1998 Bettenhausen Racing MIA
24		 MOT
11		 LBH
9		 NAZ
23		 RIO
23		 GAT
7		 MIL
2		 DET
12		 POR
13		 CLE
27		 TOR
10		 MCH
12		 MDO
17		 ROA
26		 VAN
24		 LAG
23		 HOU
24		 SRF
21		 FON
10		 17th 36
1999 Hogan Racing MIA
17		 MOT
9		 LBH
19		 NAZ
21		 RIO
25		 GAT
2		 MIL
26		 POR
26		 CLE
26		 ROA
16		 TOR
27		 MCH
25		 DET
7		 MDO
7		 CHI
5		 VAN
8		 LAG
26		 HOU
26		 SRF
21		 FON
20		 15th 48
2000 Team Penske MIA
25		 LBH
2		 RIO
24		 MOT
13		 NAZ
16		 MIL
16		 DET
1		 POR
7		 CLE
21		 TOR
16		 MCH
5		 CHI
21		 MDO
1		 ROA
9		 VAN
20		 LAG
1		 GAT
9		 HOU
5		 SRF
6		 FON
9		 7th 129
2001 MTY
8		 LBH
1		 NAZ
11		 MOT
2		 MIL
26		 DET
1		 POR
17		 CLE
12		 TOR
19		 MCH
8		 CHI
7		 MDO
1		 ROA
7		 VAN
18		 LAU
12		 ROC
4		 HOU
5		 LAG
6		 SRF
20		 FON
22		 4th 141
Sources:[31][33]

IndyCar Series

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (small number denotes finishing position)

Year Team Chassis Engine 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Rank Points
2001 Marlboro Team Penske Dallara Oldsmobile PHX
18		 HMS ATL INDY
1		 TXS PPR RIR KAN NSH KTY GTW CHI TXS 24th 64
2002 Chevrolet HMS
3		 PHX
1		 FON
5		 NAZ
5		 INDY
1		 TXS
4		 PPR
2		 RIR
17		 KAN
3		 NSH
9		 MIS
6		 KTY
5		 GTW
2		 CHI
4		 TXS
2		 2nd 511
2003 Toyota HMS
3		 PHX
2		 MOT
22		 INDY
2		 TXS
7		 PPR
12		 RIR
2		 KAN
2		 NSH
3		 MIS
17		 GTW
1		 KTY
5		 NAZ
1		 CHI
20		 FON
6		 TXS
13		 3rd 484
2004 HMS
2		 PHX
6		 MOT
3		 INDY
9		 TXS
12		 RIR
3		 KAN
7		 NSH
3		 MIL
12		 MIS
10		 KTY
12		 PPR
6		 NAZ
5		 CHI
10		 FON
7		 TXS
1		 4th 446
2005 HMS
5		 PHX
2		 STP
20		 MOT
11		 INDY
9		 TXS
5		 RIR
1		 KAN
8		 NSH
5		 MIL
16		 MIS
21		 KTY
5		 PPR
4		 SNM
21		 CHI
2		 WGL
12		 FON
9		 6th 440
2006 Honda HMS
2		 STP
1		 MOT
1		 INDY
25		 WGL
7		 TXS
1		 RIR
10		 KAN
6		 NSH
5		 MIL
14		 MIS
1		 KTY
3		 SNM
5		 CHI
4		 3rd 473
2007 Team Penske HMS
9		 STP
1		 MOT
7		 KAN
3		 INDY
3		 MIL
16		 TXS
16		 IOW
8		 RIR
11		 WGL
18		 NSH
6		 MDO
3		 MIS
17		 KTY
9		 SNM
2		 DET
14		 CHI
4		 6th 446
2008 HMS
4		 STP
2		 MOT1
2		 LBH1 KAN
4		 INDY
4		 MIL
5		 TXS
2		 IOW
14		 RIR
2		 WGL
16		 NSH
3		 MDO
2		 EDM
2		 KTY
2		 SNM
1		 DET
2		 CHI
1		 2nd 629
2009 Penske Racing STP LBH
7		 KAN
2		 INDY
1		 MIL
11		 TXS
1		 IOW
7		 RIR
17		 WGL
4		 TOR
18		 EDM
2		 KTY
4		 MDO
12		 SNM
18		 CHI
20		 MOT
10		 HMS
5		 4th 433
2010 Team Penske SAO
9		 STP
4		 ALA
1		 LBH
7		 KAN
4		 INDY
9		 TXS
20		 IOW
2		 WGL
9		 TOR
24		 EDM
10		 MDO
3		 SNM
5		 CHI
6		 KTY
1		 MOT
1		 HMS
5		 4th 531
2011 STP
20		 ALA
7		 LBH
12		 SAO
21		 INDY
17		 TXS
10		 TXS
4		 MIL
9		 IOW
7		 TOR
17		 EDM
2		 MDO
19		 NHM
17		 SNM
2		 BAL
17		 MOT
22		 KTY
29		 LVS3
C		 11th 312
2012 Dallara DW12 Chevrolet STP
1		 ALA
3		 LBH
13		 SAO
4		 INDY
10		 DET
17		 TXS
7		 MIL
6		 IOW
6		 TOR
6		 EDM
1		 MDO
16		 SNM
6		 BAL
10		 FON
5		 4th 431
2013 STP
2		 ALA
3		 LBH
10		 SAO
13		 INDY
6		 DET
5		 DET
8		 TXS
1		 MIL
2		 IOW
8		 POC
8		 TOR
6		 TOR
2		 MDO
6		 SNM
7		 BAL
9		 HOU
18		 HOU
23		 FON
6		 2nd 550
2014 STP
3		 LBH
11		 ALA
19		 IMS
3		 INDY
2		 DET
5		 DET
1		 TXS
8		 HOU
9		 HOU
21		 POC
2		 IOW
8		 TOR
2		 TOR
12		 MDO
19		 MIL
11		 SNM
18		 FON
14		 2nd 609
2015 STP
4		 NLA
2		 LBH
2		 ALA
15		 IMS
6		 INDY
7		 DET
6		 DET
19		 TXS
3		 TOR
3		 FON
23		 MIL
2		 IOW
11		 MDO
15		 POC
16		 SNM
15		 5th 453
2016 STP
4		 PHX
11		 LBH
3		 ALA
7		 IMS
2		 INDY
11		 DET
5		 DET
14		 ROA
5		 IOW
13		 TOR
2		 MDO
15		 POC
19		 TXS
5		 WGL
3		 SNM
7		 3rd 504
2017 STP
6		 LBH
9		 ALA
4		 PHX
4		 IMS
5		 INDY
2		 DET
7		 DET
9		 TXS
20		 ROA
3		 IOW
1		 TOR
8		 MDO
7		 POC
7		 GTW
4		 WGL
4		 SNM
5		 4th 598
2018 STP PHX LBH ALA IMS
6		 INDY
27		 DET DET TXS ROA IOW TOR MDO POC GTW POR SNM 32nd 40
2019 STP COA ALA LBH IMS
21		 INDY
18		 DET DET TXS ROA TOR IOW MDO POC GTW POR LAG 29th 33
2020 TXS
 IMS
 ROA
 ROA
 IOW
 IOW
 INDY
11		 GTW
 GTW
 MDO MDO 27th 57
Arrow McLaren SP IMS
20		 IMS
21		 STP
Sources:[31][33]

* Season still in progress.

  • 1 Run on same day
  • 2 Non-points paying, exhibition race
  • 3 The Las Vegas Indy 300 was abandoned after Dan Wheldon died from injuries sustained in a 15-car crash on lap 11.
Years Teams Races Poles Wins Top 5s Top 10s Indianapolis 500
Wins		 Championships
16 1 234 39 24 111 169 3 (2001, 2002, 2009) 0
Source:[31]

Indianapolis 500
Practicing for the 2007 Indianapolis 500.
Year Chassis Engine Start Finish Team
2001 Dallara Oldsmobile 11 1 Team Penske
2002 Dallara Chevrolet 13 1 Team Penske
2003 Dallara Toyota 1 2 Team Penske
2004 Dallara Toyota 8 9 Team Penske
2005 Dallara Toyota 5 9 Team Penske
2006 Dallara Honda 2 25 Team Penske
2007 Dallara Honda 1 3 Team Penske
2008 Dallara Honda 4 4 Team Penske
2009 Dallara Honda 1 1 Team Penske
2010 Dallara Honda 1 9 Team Penske
2011 Dallara Honda 16 17 Team Penske
2012 Dallara Chevrolet 6 10 Team Penske
2013 Dallara Chevrolet 8 6 Team Penske
2014 Dallara Chevrolet 4 2 Team Penske
2015 Dallara Chevrolet 5 7 Team Penske
2016 Dallara Chevrolet 9 11 Team Penske
2017 Dallara Chevrolet 19 2 Team Penske
2018 Dallara Chevrolet 8 27 Team Penske
2019 Dallara Chevrolet 12 18 Team Penske
2020 Dallara Chevrolet 28 11 Team Penske
Source:[31]

Complete American Le Mans Series results
Year Entrant Class Chassis Engine Tyres 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Rank Points
2007 DHL Team Penske LMP2 Porsche RS Spyder Evo Porsche MR6 3.4L V8 M SEB
5/3		 STP LNB TEX UTA LIM MID AME MOS DET PET MON 23rd 19
2008 LMP2 Porsche RS Spyder Evo Porsche MR6 3.4L V8 M SEB STP LNB UTA LIM MID AME MOS DET PET
4/1		 MON
6/4		 19th 45
Source:[141]

V8 Supercar results
Year Team 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Pos Points
2010 James Rosenberg Racing YMC
R1		 YMC
R2		 BHR
R3		 BHR
R4		 ADE
R5		 ADE
R6		 HAM
R7		 HAM
R8		 QLD
R9		 QLD
R10		 WIN
R11		 WIN
R12		 HDV
R13		 HDV
R14		 TOW
R15		 TOW
R16		 PHI
R17		 BAT
R18		 SUR
R19
18		 SUR
R20
19		 SYM
R21		 SYM
R22		 SAN
R23		 SAN
R24		 SYD
R25		 SYD
R26		 NC 0 +
2011 YMC
R1		 YMC
R2		 ADE
R3		 ADE
R4		 HAM
R5		 HAM
R6		 PER
R7		 PER
R8		 PER
R9		 WIN
R10		 WIN
R11		 HDV
R12		 HDV
R13		 TOW
R14		 TOW
R15		 QLD
R16		 QLD
R17		 QLD
R18		 PHI
R19		 BAT
R20		 SUR
R21
12		 SUR
R22
10		 SYM
R23		 SYM
R24		 SAN
R25		 SAN
R26		 SYD
R27		 SYD
R28		 63rd 147
Source:[16]

+ Not Eligible for points

Complete Stock Car Brasil results
Year Team Chassis Engine 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Rank Points
2012 Shell Racing Peugeot 408 Peugeot 5.7 L V8 INT CTB VEL RBP LON RIO SAL CAS TAR CTB BSB INT
14		 NC† 0†
2013 Peugeot 408 Peugeot 5.7 L V8 INT CUR TAR SAL BRA CAS RBP
DNS		 BRA VEL CUR GOI INT NC† 0†
Source:[16]

† Ineligible for championship points.

WeatherTech SportsCar Championship
Year Entrant Class Chassis Engine 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Rank Points
2017 Acura Team Penske P Oreca 07 Gibson GK428 4.2 L V8 DAY SEB LBH COA DET WGL MOS ELK LGA PET
3		 30th 30
2018 Acura Team Penske P Acura ARX-05 Acura AR35TT 3.5 L Turbo V6 DAY
9		 SEB
15		 LBH
6		 MDO
1		 DET
2		 WGL
12		 MOS
5		 ELK
10		 LGA
10		 PET
5		 7th 243
2019 Acura Team Penske DPi Acura ARX-05 Acura AR35TT 3.5 L Turbo V6 DAY
3		 SEB
4		 LBH
2		 MDO
5		 DET
3		 WGL
5		 MOS
5		 ELK
7		 LGA
2		 PET
3		 3rd 284
2020 Acura Team Penske DPi Acura ARX-05 Acura AR35TT 3.5 L Turbo V6 DAY
8		 DAY
8		 SEB
7		 ELK
1		 ATL
1		 MDO
1		 PET
2		 LGA
1		 SEB
8		 1st 265
2021 Konica Minolta Acura DPi Acura ARX-05 Acura AR35TT 3.5 L Turbo V6 DAY
1		 SEB
 MDO
 DET
 WGL
 MOS
 ELK
 LGA
 LBH
 PET
 1st* 376*
Sources:[141][157]

* Season still in progress.

Bibliography
  • L. Evers, John (2004). "Helio Castroneves (May 10, 1975–)". In L. Porter, David (ed.). Latino and African American Athletes Today: A Biographical Dictionary. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-32048-4.
  • C. Friedman, Ian (2007). "Castroneves, Hélio (1975 –) auto racer". Latino Athletes. New York City, New York: Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-6384-0.
  • Hummel, Alan (2007). Penske Racing Team: 40 Years of Excellence. Pepin, Wisconsin: Enthusiast Books. ISBN 978-1-58388-195-8.
  • Hollar, Sherman (2010). "Castroneves, Hélio". In Jacobs Sparks, Karen; C. Shepherd, Melinda (eds.). Britannica Book of the Year 2010. Chicago, United States: Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc. ISBN 978-1-61535-366-8.
  • Castroneves, Hélio; Matteo, Marissa (2010). Victory Road: The Ride of My Life. London, England: Penguin Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-451-22737-9.

Notes
  1. Since the minimum age of admittance to a Brazilian race track was 16, Castroneves hid between his father, another karter and equipment to prevent circuit officials from spotting him.[3]
  2. A test for the Cesário Fórmula team did not lead to a drive because it asked for $250,000 in sponsorship.[18]
  3. Castroneves' father relayed instructions to him via placards attached to a pipe.[6]
  4. Castroneves lost the championship when four drivers behind him stopped on track during the final lap of the season-ending race to allow Croceri into second and claim the title for himself.[19]
  5. Castroneves had lost enough confidence that he told his parents he wanted to stop racing but was encouraged by both of them to continue.[6][23] The sports psychologist gave him a rubber band to be worn around his wrist and snap it if he felt negative.[24]
  6. Fittipaldi sued Castroneves for breach of contract, which was decided in favor of the latter on March 30, 2005.[28]
  7. Castroneves was the first driver since Al Unser in 1970 and 1971 to win the Indianapolis 500 in consecutive years.[2][53] He was also the youngest driver to win the race in successive years and the first to win it at his first two attempts.[53]
  8. Taxes of $550,000 from a 1999 to 2001 sponsorship agreement and a $5 million from a "Deferred Royalty Contract" from his 2000 to 2002 Penske contract and under reporting his income were the specific charges Castroneves faced.[74]
  9. The payments were invested in a deferred compensation agreement with the Dutch firm Fintage Licensing for athletes with relatively short careers and are at risk of injury or worse.[79]
  10. In May 2011, the IRS filed a $6.21 civil lawsuit against Castroneves for reported taxes and fraud penalties.[80] The suit was settled before it went to court for approximately 10 percent of what the IRS claimed.[81]
  11. Castroneves was certain of an early elimination that he made preparations for a 15-day run.[179]
  12. He prepared for each dance by practicing for up to eight hours per day.[11]
  13. Increased television and press coverage focused on Castroneves during the 2008 pre-season testing period.[191]

References
  1. Porter & L. Evers 2004, p. 58–59.
  2. C. Friedman 2007, pp. 37–38.
  3. Castroneves & Matteo 2010, p. XIII & 12–15.
  4. Dwyre, Bill (26 March 2010). "Helio Castroneves is at the center of the IndyCar universe". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 5 July 2020.
  5. Wagner, Phillip (May 2003). "Castroneves's Thrill Is Back". Brazzil. Archived from the original on 11 August 2003. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
  6. Lawrence, Andrew (21 May 2008). "IndyCar driving star Castroneves living out the dreams of his father". Sports Illustrated. Archived from the original on 25 June 2020. Retrieved 24 June 2020.
  7. Castroneves & Matteo 2010, p. 25–28.
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Sporting positions
Preceded by
Juan Pablo Montoya		 Indianapolis 500
Winner
2001-2002		 Succeeded by
Gil de Ferran
Preceded by
Scott Dixon		 Indianapolis 500
Winner
2009		 Succeeded by
Dario Franchitti
Preceded by
Juan Pablo Montoya
Dane Cameron		 WeatherTech SportsCar Championship
Champion
2020
With: Ricky Taylor		 Succeeded by
Incumbent
Awards and achievements
Preceded by
Apolo Anton Ohno & Julianne Hough		 Dancing with the Stars (US) winners
Season 5
(Fall 2007 with Julianne Hough)		 Succeeded by
Kristi Yamaguchi and Mark Ballas
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