1969 Australian federal election

The 1969 Australian federal election was held in Australia on 25 October 1969. The incumbent Liberal–Country coalition government, led by Prime Minister John Gorton, won the election with a severely diminished majority over the opposition Labor Party, led by Gough Whitlam despite losing the two party popular vote. Both major parties had changed their leaders in the run-up to the election, the first time this had occurred since 1946. This was the first and only time either the Liberal Party or any political party in Australia won a 9th successive election.

1969 Australian federal election

25 October 1969

All 125 seats of the House of Representatives
63 seats were needed for a majority
  First party Second party
 
Leader John Gorton Gough Whitlam
Party Liberal/Country coalition Labor
Leader since 10 January 1968 8 February 1967
Leader's seat Higgins (Vic.) Werriwa (NSW)
Last election 82 seats 41 seats
Seats won 66 seats 59 seats
Seat change 16 18
Percentage 49.80% 50.20%
Swing 7.10% 7.10%

Popular vote by state and territory with graphs indicating the number of seats won. As this is an IRV election, seat totals are not determined by popular vote by state or territory but instead via results in each electorate.

Prime Minister before election

John Gorton
Liberal/Country coalition

Subsequent Prime Minister

John Gorton
Liberal/Country coalition

This election saw the arrival of future Prime Minister of Australia Paul Keating in the Parliament, winning the safe Labor division of Blaxland in suburban Sydney - a seat he would represent until his resignation following the Keating Government's electoral defeat in 1996.

Issues

The 1969 election centred heavily on the two leaders, John Gorton and Gough Whitlam. Both were leading their respective parties in an election for the first time. Gorton had initially been very popular, and was publicly promoted as an "average Aussie bloke". This image was boosted by his record of wartime service and his craggy battered profile (the result of a wartime injury). However, he gradually gained a reputation for being erratic and unnecessarily confrontational. By the time of the 1969 election campaign his attempts to alter long-standing Liberal Party policies with regard to federal–state powers, and foreign affairs had alienated the more conservative sections of the Liberal Party, and various state Liberal leaders (Henry Bolte and Bob Askin in particular).

Whitlam, by contrast, had reformed the ALP and abandoned unpopular policies such as the once-dominant White Australia Policy, as well as the commitment to socialism still held by many members on the left of the party. He presented a sleek and modern image which was able to win over new voters to his cause. Whitlam had also managed to restore and heal the party's image as an electable alternative, something that had been impossible after the Labor Party split in 1955. Under his leadership, Whitlam had also attracted back many Catholic voters who had previously dumped Labor due to its infighting and factionalism. In addition, although the Coalition had won the biggest majority government in Australian history in 1966, it was increasingly seen as becoming tired and unfocused after 20 years in power. There were also growing concerns over Australia's involvement in the Vietnam War. The ALP thus went into the election with a good chance of increasing its small caucus.

Despite a Coalition campaign depicting Labor as a party dominated and controlled by union bosses, the result was very close. Labor became the biggest single party in the House, taking 59 seats—an 18-seat swing from 1966. It also won a bare majority of the two-party-preferred vote, winning 50.2 percent to the Coalition's 49.8 percent—a 7.1-point swing from 1966, the largest not to have resulted in a change of government. However, largely due to the Democratic Labor Party preferencing against Labor, especially in Victoria, Whitlam came up four seats short of toppling the Coalition.[1] Nonetheless, Whitlam recovered much of what Labor had lost in its severe defeat three years earlier, and put the party within striking distance of winning government three years later.

Results

House of Reps (IRV) — 1969–72—Turnout 94.97% (CV) — Informal 2.54%
Party Votes % Swing Seats Change
  Labor 2,870,792 46.95 +6.97 59 +18
  Liberal–Country coalition 2,649,219 43.32 –6.66 66 –16
  Liberal  2,125,987 34.77 –5.37 46 –15
  Country  523,232 8.56 –1.28 20 –1
  Democratic Labor 367,977 6.02 –1.29 0 0
  Australia 53,646 0.88 +0.88 0 0
  Pensioner Power 7,706 0.13 +0.13 0 0
  Social Credit 5,156 0.08 +0.08 0 0
  Communist 4,920 0.08 –0.32 0 0
  Independents 141,090 2.53 +1.08 0 –1
  Total 6,114,118     125 +1
Two-party-preferred (estimated)
  Liberal–Country coalition WIN 49.80 –7.10 66 –16
  Labor 50.20 +7.10 59 +18
Popular Vote
Labor
46.95%
Liberal
34.77%
Country
8.56%
DLP
6.02%
Australia
0.88%
Independents
2.31%
Other
0.51%
Two Party Preferred Vote
Labor
50.20%
Coalition
49.80%
Parliament Seats
Coalition
52.80%
Labor
47.20%

Seats changing hands

Seat Pre-1969 Swing Post-1969
Party Member Margin Margin Member Party
Adelaide, SA   Liberal Andrew Jones 2.8 14.3 11.3 Chris Hurford Labor  
Barton, NSW   Liberal Bill Arthur 2.2 5.7 3.0 Len Reynolds Labor  
Batman, Vic   Independent Sam Benson N/A 0.2 3.0 Horrie Garrick Labor  
Bowman, Qld   Liberal Wylie Gibbs 6.7 7.1 2.5 Len Keogh Labor  
Eden-Monaro, NSW   Liberal Dugald Munro 0.7 5.8 3.2 Allan Fraser Labor  
Forrest, WA   Liberal Gordon Freeth 9.5 11.6 1.1 Frank Kirwan Labor  
Franklin, Tas   Liberal Thomas Pearsall 2.2 9.9 5.9 Ray Sherry Labor  
Grey, SA   Liberal Don Jessop 3.0 3.1 1.9 Laurie Wallis Labor  
Hawker, SA   Liberal notional - new seat N/A 13.7 7.9 Ralph Jacobi Labor  
Kingston, SA   Liberal Kay Brownbill 8.2 16.5 3.9 Richard Gun Labor  
Lalor, Vic   Liberal Mervyn Lee 0.7 4.8 10.9 Jim Cairns Labor  
Maribyrnong, Vic   Liberal Philip Stokes 7.6 8.0 1.4 Moss Cass Labor  
Paterson, NSW   Liberal Allen Fairhall N/A 9.1 7.5 Frank O'Keefe Country  
Perth, WA   Liberal Fred Chaney 6.9 12.2 8.2 Joe Berinson Labor  
Riverina, NSW   Country Bill Armstrong 16.5 18.8 2.3 Al Grassby Labor  
Robertson, NSW   Liberal William Bridges-Maxwell 8.5 9.7 1.8 Barry Cohen Labor  
St George, NSW   Liberal Len Bosman 9.5 9.6 0.1 Bill Morrison Labor  
Sturt, SA   Liberal Ian Wilson 16.2 15.0 0.5 Norm Foster Labor  
Swan, WA   Liberal Richard Cleaver 3.5 8.3 4.1 Adrian Bennett Labor  
  • Members in italics did not contest their seat at this election.

See also

Notes

References

  • University of WA election results in Australia since 1890
  • AEC 2PP vote
  • Prior to 1984 the AEC did not undertake a full distribution of preferences for statistical purposes. The stored ballot papers for the 1983 election were put through this process prior to their destruction. Therefore, the figures from 1983 onwards show the actual result based on full distribution of preferences.
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