2010 Australian federal election

The 2010 Australian federal election was held on Saturday, 21 August 2010 to elect members of the 43rd Parliament of Australia. The incumbent centre-left Australian Labor Party led by Prime Minister Julia Gillard won a second term against the opposition centre-right Liberal Party of Australia led by Opposition Leader Tony Abbott and Coalition partner the National Party of Australia, led by Warren Truss, after Labor formed a minority government with the support of three independent MPs and one Australian Greens MP. As of 2020 this remains the last federal election victory for the Labor party.

2010 Australian federal election
21 August 2010
All 150 seats in the House of Representatives
76 seats were needed for a majority in the House
40 (of the 76) seats in the Senate
Registered14,086,869
Turnout93.2%
  First party Second party Third party
 
Leader Julia Gillard Tony Abbott Bob Brown
Party Labor Liberal/National coalition Greens
Leader since 24 June 2010 (2010-06-24) 1 December 2009 (2009-12-01) 28 November 2005 (2005-11-28)
Leader's seat Lalor (Vic.) Warringah (NSW) Senator from Tasmania
Last election 83 seats, 43.38% 65 seats, 41.95% 0 seats, 7.79%
Seats won 72 seats 72 seats 1 seat
Seat change 11 7 1
Popular vote 4,711,363 5,365,529 1,458,998
Percentage 37.99% 43.32% 11.76%
Swing 5.40 1.16 3.97
TPP 50.12% 49.88%
TPP swing 2.58 2.58
Prime Minister before election

Julia Gillard
Labor

 Resulting Prime Minister

Julia Gillard
Labor

Labor and the Coalition each won 72 seats in the 150-seat House of Representatives,[1] four short of the requirement for majority government, resulting in the first hung parliament since the 1940 election.[2][3][4] Six crossbenchers held the balance of power.[5][6] Greens MP Adam Bandt and independent MPs Andrew Wilkie, Rob Oakeshott and Tony Windsor declared their support for Labor on confidence and supply.[7][8] Independent MP Bob Katter and National Party of Western Australia MP Tony Crook declared their support for the Coalition on confidence and supply.[9][10] The resulting 76–74 margin entitled Labor to form a minority government.[8] The Prime Minister, government ministers and parliamentary secretaries were sworn in on 14 September 2010 by the Governor-General Quentin Bryce.[11] In November 2011, Coalition MP and Deputy Speaker Peter Slipper replaced Labor MP Harry Jenkins as Speaker of the House of Representatives, increasing Labor's parliamentary majority from 76–74 to 77–73.[12][13]

In the 76-seat Senate, the Greens won one seat in each of the six states, gaining the sole balance of power with a total of nine seats, after previously holding a shared balance of power with the Family First Party and independent Nick Xenophon.[14][15] The Coalition was reduced from 37 to 34 and Labor was reduced from 32 to 31. The two remaining seats were occupied by Xenophon and Victoria's new Democratic Labor Party Senator John Madigan. Family First Party Senator Steve Fielding was defeated. These changes took effect in the Senate on 1 July 2011.[16]

More than 13 million Australians were enrolled to vote at the time of the election.[17] Australia has compulsory voting (since 1925) and uses preferential ballot (since 1919) in single-member seats for the House of Representatives and single transferable vote (since 1949) with optional group voting tickets (since 1984) in the proportionally represented Senate. The election was conducted by the Australian Electoral Commission (AEC).

Results

House of Representatives
Main article: Results of the 2010 Australian federal election (House of Representatives)
See also: Pre-election pendulum for the Australian federal election, 2010 and Post-election pendulum for the Australian federal election, 2010
House of Representatives

Government (72)
  Labor (72)

Opposition
Coalition (72)
  Liberal(44)
  LNP (21)
  Nationals (6)
  CLP (1)

Crossbench (6)
  Independent (4)
  Greens (1)
  Nationals WA (1)
House of Representatives (IRV) – Turnout 93.22% (CV) – Informal 5.55%
Party Votes % Swing Seats Change
  Australian Labor Party 4,711,363 37.99 −5.40 72 −11
  Coalition          
  Liberal Party of Australia 3,777,383 30.46 +0.76 44 −11
  Liberal National Party (QLD) 1,130,525 9.12 +0.60 21 +21
  National Party of Australia 419,286 3.43 −0.04 6 −4
  Country Liberal Party (NT) 38,335 0.31 −0.01 1 +1
  Australian Greens 1,458,998 11.76 +3.97 1 +1
  National Party (WA)[nb 1] 43,101 0.34 +0.20 1 +1
  Independents 312,496 2.52 +0.30 4 +2
  Other 510,876 4.11 −0.38 0 0
  Total 12,402,363     150
Two-party-preferred vote
  Australian Labor Party 6,216,445 50.12 −2.58 72 −11
  Liberal/National Coalition 6,185,918 49.88 +2.58 72 +7
The disproportionality of the lower house in the 2010 election was 11.34 according to the Gallagher Index, mainly between the Labor and Green Parties.

*All results are final.[18][19][20][21]

Popular Vote
Labor
 
 37.99%
Liberal
 
 30.46%
Greens
 
 11.76%
QLD LNP
 
 9.12%
National
 
 3.43%
National WA
 
 0.34%
NT CLP
 
 0.31%
Independents
 
 2.52%
Other
 
 4.11%
Two Party Preferred Vote
Labor
 
 50.12%
Coalition
 
 49.88%
Parliament Seats
Labor
 
 48.89%
Coalition
 
 48.89%
Greens
 
 0.67%
National WA
 
 0.67%
Independents
 
 2.67%

Labor and the Coalition each won 72 seats in the 150-seat House of Representatives, a loss of eleven and a gain of seven respectively. Labor retained a majority of seats in a majority of states against the Coalition − New South Wales (26 to 20), Victoria (22 to 14), South Australia (6 to 5), and Tasmania (4 to 0), but fell sharply in Queensland (8 to 21) with a pre-existing minority in Western Australia (3 to 11). Labor won their largest two-party preferred vote in Victoria and Tasmania since official two-party records began in 1949, and in South Australia, their fourth-largest.[22]

On the crossbench, one member of the Australian Greens, one member of the National Party of Western Australia and four independent members held the balance of power. After gaining the support of four crossbenchers Labor was able to form a minority government.[23]

On the crossbenches:

  • Adam Bandt won the first seat for the Greens at a general election in the seat of Melbourne. He had previously announced he would align with Labor in the event of a hung parliament.[24] On 1 September the Greens declared their support for Labor on confidence and supply.[25][26][27]
  • Andrew Wilkie, a former Greens candidate and now independent, was elected as the Member for Denison. On 2 September 2010 he declared his support for Labor on confidence and supply.[28]
  • Tony Crook won the seat of O'Connor for the National Party of Western Australia, defeating Liberal Party incumbent Wilson Tuckey. There was dispute over affiliation, with some classing Crook as a member of the Coalition and including him in their Coalition totals. The WA National Party subsequently issued a statement saying in part, "The Nationals WA as an independent political party are not bound by the rules of a coalition agreement".[29] Crook says, "In every news report and press report we see, my number is being allocated in with the Coalition and it shouldn't be".[30] The National Party of Western Australia prior to and for more than 20 months subsequent to the election were in no federal Coalition agreement, Crook stated he was a crossbencher, and that he and the WA Nationals were open to negotiating with either side to form government.[31][32][33] On 6 September Crook declared his support for the Coalition on confidence and supply, but would otherwise sit on the crossbenches.[34] On 6 May 2012, it was announced that Crook would join the Nationals party room and be formally part of the Coalition.[35]
  • Bob Katter, Tony Windsor and Rob Oakeshott, all independents, were re-elected.[4][36] Both Katter and Windsor were successful at previous elections, while Oakeshott was elected at the 2008 Lyne by-election. All are former members of the National Party, a minor party in the Coalition.[37] However, all three said they would be open to negotiating with either side to form government. They said they would engage in discussion as a bloc but vote individually.[38][39] On 7 September, Katter declared his support for the Coalition on confidence and supply.[9] Later that day, Windsor and Oakeshott declared their support for Labor on confidence and supply.[40][41]

A year after the election, The Age summarised the collective positions of the crossbenchers as one of "no regrets".[42][43] On 24 November 2011, the Coalition's Peter Slipper replaced Labor's Harry Jenkins as Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives, increasing Labor's parliamentary majority from 75–74 to 76–73. On 21 January 2012 Andrew Wilkie withdrew his support for Labor, changing the majority to 75–73.[44]

Senate
Main article: Results of the 2010 Australian federal election (Senate)
Senate

Government (31)
  Labor (31)

Opposition
Coalition (34)
  Liberal (24)
  LNP (6)
  Nationals (3)
  CLP (1)

Crossbench (11)
  Greens (9)
  DLP (1)
  Independent (1)
Senate (STV GV) – Turnout 93.82% (CV) – Informal 3.75%
Party Votes % Swing Seats won Continuing senators Total seats Change
  Liberal/National Coalition 4,871,871 38.30 –1.47 18 16 34 –3
  Australian Labor Party 4,469,734 35.13 –5.17 15 16 31 –1
  Australian Greens 1,667,315 13.11 +4.07 6 3 9 +4
  Family First Party 267,493 2.10 +0.48 0 – 0 –1
  Democratic Labor Party 134,987 1.06 +0.14 1 – 1 +1
  Independents 55,786 0.44 –0.94 0 1 1 0
  Other 1,255,047 9.86 +2.89 0 – 0 0
  Total 12,722,233     40 36 76

*All results are final.[16][20][21][45]

The Senate has 76 seats. Forty seats were up for election; six in each of the six states and two in each of the two territories. The terms of the four senators from the territories commenced on election day, all other terms took effect from 1 July 2011.[46][47] The Coalition holds 34 seats and Labor holds 31 seats, with the balance of power shifting solely to the Australian Greens with nine seats, after previously holding a shared balance of power with the Family First Party and independent Nick Xenophon. The Labor government requires the support of at least eight non-Labor Senators to pass legislation.

Labor and the Coalition incurred swings against them in votes and seats. The Greens received a four percent swing and won a seat in each of the six states at the election, a first for an Australian minor party. John Madigan (Victoria) of the Democratic Labor Party won a seat, while Steve Fielding (Victoria) of the Family First Party lost his seat. Xenophon was not required to stand at this election but will be up for re-election at the next. Minor parties not winning a seat but receiving a notable swing include the Australian Sex Party (+2.0), the Liberal Democratic Party (+1.7) and the Shooters and Fishers Party (+1.4).[16][45]

Divisions changing hands

Members in italics did not re-contest their House of Representatives seats at this election. Six notional boundary redistributed seats were contested at this election. Based on booths contested at the previous election, the seats redistributed by the AEC from being marginal Coalition seats to marginal Labor seats – Dickson, Gilmore, Herbert, Macarthur and Swan – were all retained by the Coalition. Greenway was redistributed to become a marginal to fairly safe Labor seat, and was retained by Labor.

Seat Pre-2010 Swing Post-2010
Party Member Margin Margin Member Party
Bennelong, NSW   Labor Maxine McKew 1.40 4.52 3.12 John Alexander Liberal  
Bonner, Qld   Labor Kerry Rea 5.47 7.35 2.82 Ross Vasta Liberal National  
Brisbane, Qld   Labor Arch Bevis 4.60 5.73 1.13 Teresa Gambaro Liberal National  
Dawson, Qld   Labor James Bidgood 2.59 5.02 2.43 George Christensen Liberal National  
Denison, Tas   Labor Duncan Kerr 15.29 N/A 1.21 Andrew Wilkie Independent  
Flynn, Qld   Labor Chris Trevor 2.24 5.82 3.58 Ken O'Dowd Liberal National  
Forde, Qld   Labor Brett Raguse 3.36 4.99 1.63 Bert van Manen Liberal National  
Hasluck, WA   Labor Sharryn Jackson 0.85 1.42 0.57 Ken Wyatt Liberal  
La Trobe, Vic   Liberal Jason Wood 0.51 1.42 0.91 Laura Smyth Labor  
Leichhardt, Qld   Labor Jim Turnour 4.06 8.61 4.55 Warren Entsch Liberal National  
Longman, Qld   Labor Jon Sullivan 1.87 3.79 1.92 Wyatt Roy Liberal National  
Macquarie, NSW   Labor Bob Debus 0.28 1.49 1.21 Louise Markus Liberal  
Melbourne, Vic   Labor Lindsay Tanner 4.71 10.75 6.04 Adam Bandt Greens  
McEwen, Vic   Liberal Fran Bailey 0.02 5.34 5.32 Rob Mitchell Labor  
O'Connor, WA   Liberal Wilson Tuckey 12.76 N/A 3.56 Tony Crook Nationals WA  
Solomon, NT   Labor Damian Hale 0.19 1.94 1.75 Natasha Griggs Country Liberal  

Background

Key dates
  • Announcement of election: Saturday 17 July[48]
  • Prorogation of 42nd Parliament: 4.59 p.m., Monday 19 July AEST[49]
  • Dissolution of House of Representatives: 5 p.m., Monday 19 July AEST[49]
  • Issue of electoral writs: Monday 19 July[50]
  • Close of rolls (if not currently on roll): 8 p.m., Monday 19 July AEST[48][nb 2]
  • Close of rolls (if currently on roll and updating details): 8 p.m., Thursday 22 July AEST[48][nb 2]
  • Close of nominations: 12 noon, Thursday 29 July AEST[48]
  • Declaration of nominations: 12 noon, Friday 30 July AEST[48]
  • Polling day: Saturday 21 August[48]
  • Return of writs (latest date): Wednesday 27 October[48]

House of Representatives
See also: Results of the Australian federal election, 2010 (House of Representatives)

The Labor Party, led by Julia Gillard, and the Liberal Party, led by Tony Abbott, were the predominant parties to contest the election. The smaller National Party led by Warren Truss is in a coalition with the Liberal Party. Following the 2007 federal election, the 150-member Australian House of Representatives consisted of 83 Labor-held seats, 65 Coalition seats (55 Liberal and 10 National), and two seats held by independents. The Australian Greens won 8 per cent of the 2007 vote, and the Family First Party won 2 per cent, with the Greens winning 1 seat in the lower house.

The coalition total was reduced to 64 seats when Rob Oakeshott, former state Nationals turned independent MP, won the seat of Lyne at the September 2008 Lyne by-election, resulting from the resignation of former Howard minister and Nationals leader Mark Vaile. The April 2008 Gippsland by-election, resulting from the resignation of the former Howard minister and Nationals MP Peter McGauran, saw the Nationals' Darren Chester retain the seat, receiving a swing of 6%.[51] The Liberals suffered a swing in the September 2008 Mayo by-election resulting from the resignation of former Howard minister and Liberal leader Alexander Downer, and came close to losing the seat to the Greens candidate. The Liberals retained seats at the Bradfield and Higgins by-elections in December 2009. The member for Ryan, Michael Johnson, was expelled from the Liberal National Party on 20 May 2010, reducing the Coalition to 63 seats.[52]

Redistributions

Since the previous national election in 2007 there were a number of redistributions. These realignments of electorate boundaries are regularly undertaken by the Australian Electoral Commission and they maintain similar voter numbers in each electorate. They saw Labor's notional number of seats increase to 88 with the coalition's notional number decreased to 59, with independents in three. The swing required by the opposition to win majority government had decreased by approximately 0.1 percent.[53]

The redistribution of electoral divisions for Western Australia made the Liberal held Swan notionally Labor, and vastly changed Kalgoorlie and O'Connor, with the former being safer for the Liberals, and the latter becoming more marginal. Kalgoorlie was also renamed Durack. The redistribution also damaged the WA Nationals' chances of a House of Representatives seat.[54][55][56] Tasmania was also redistributed but, while there were some changes to boundaries, little changed in terms of seat margins.[57][58]

New South Wales lost a seat to Queensland due to population changes for the second election in a row. The Labor Party suggested the abolition of the marginal Liberal seat of Macarthur, while the Liberal Party suggested that Liberal-held Hume and National-held Riverina be merged to create a new seat called "Bradman" in honour of Sir Donald Bradman. The National Party suggested the abolition of the Labor-held city seat of Banks.[59] The draft New South Wales redistribution, published in August 2009, proposed that Reid be abolished and that Lowe be renamed "McMahon" in honour of former Prime Minister Sir William McMahon. In response to widespread criticism of the abolition of the name "Reid", the finalised redistribution, published in October 2009, instead had Lowe renamed "Reid" and Prospect replaced with McMahon. Boundary changes also resulted in the Liberal seats of Macarthur, Greenway and Gilmore becoming notionally Labor-held, with major changes to other seats, including Calare, Parkes and Macquarie.[60]

In Queensland, the seat of Wright was created as a Liberal-held seat based on the Gold Coast hinterland. The redistribution saw the status of Blair change from marginal Labor to a safe Labor seat. The status of marginal Liberal seats Dickson and Herbert also changed to marginal Labor seats.[61]

A redistribution for Victoria commenced in 2010, but was not finalised before the election was called.[62]

Senate
See also: Results of the Australian federal election, 2007 (Senate) and Candidates of the Australian federal election, 2010

In the 76-member Australian Senate, from July 2008 to June 2011, the Labor and Liberal parties hold 32 seats each, and the Liberals' coalition partner, the National Party (including one CLP), five seats. The balance of power rests with the crossbench, consisting of:

For a majority, the government requires an additional seven votes from non-Labor senators. If the Liberal Party chooses to vote with the Labor Party, support from the crossbench is not required.

Senate terms expiring

Forty seats in the Senate were up for election:

  • 36 senators representing the six states; each state elected half of its 12 Senate seats. The six-year terms of these 36 senators will start on 1 July 2011; the terms of the existing senators representing the states will end on 30 June 2011.
  • 4 territory senators: the ACT and the NT each elected two senators, whose terms started on election day and will expire the day before the next election for the House of Representatives.

The party composition of these 40 senators whose terms will expire is:

  • Liberal: 18 (14 ongoing, to expire 30 June 2014)
  • National: 2 (3 ongoing)
  • CLP: 1 (0 ongoing)
  • ALP: 16 (16 ongoing)
  • Green: 2 (3 ongoing)
  • Family First: 1 (0 ongoing)
  • Independent Nick Xenophon: 0 (1 ongoing)

These seats are listed in order of election for the six states and two territories:[63]

NSW Vic Qld WA SA Tas ACT NT
Bill Heffernan (Lib)
Steve Hutchins (ALP)
Concetta F.-Wells (Lib)
John Faulkner (ALP)
Fiona Nash (Nat)
Michael Forshaw (ALP)		 Michael Ronaldson (Lib)
Kim Carr (ALP)
Julian McGauran (Lib)
Stephen Conroy (ALP)
Judith Troeth (Lib)
Steve Fielding (FFP)		 Brett Mason (Lib)
Jan McLucas (ALP)
George Brandis (Lib)
Joe Ludwig (ALP)
Barnaby Joyce (Nat)
Russell Trood (Lib)		 Chris Back (Lib)
Chris Evans (ALP)
Mathias Cormann (Lib)
Glenn Sterle (ALP)
Judith Adams (Lib)
Rachel Siewert (Grn)		 Nick Minchin (Lib)
Anne McEwen (ALP)
Mary Jo Fisher (Lib)
Annette Hurley (ALP)
Alan Ferguson (Lib)
Dana Wortley (ALP)		 Eric Abetz (Lib)
Kerry O'Brien (ALP)
Guy Barnett (Lib)
Helen Polley (ALP)
Stephen Parry (Lib)
Christine Milne (Grn)		 Kate Lundy (ALP)
Gary Humphries (Lib)		 Trish Crossin (ALP)
Nigel Scullion (CLP)

House of Representatives opinion polling
Main article: Opinion polling for the Australian federal election, 2010

Newspoll

The election-eve Newspoll of over 2000 voters reported Labor on a 50.2 percent two-party-preferred vote.[64] A post-election Newspoll taken 27–29 August 2010 of 1134 voters revealed 47 percent wanted a Gillard Labor government, to 39 percent for an Abbott Coalition government, while 14 percent were uncommitted. There was no difference between male and female voters. Ages 18–34 and 34–49 were even stronger for Labor, while those above 50 bucked the trend preferring the Coalition 45 percent to 40 percent.[65]

Poll of 28,000

A JWS Research "mega-poll" was conducted by robocall late in the campaign and published by Fairfax. It polled an Australian record of 22,000 voters in 54 marginal seats and a further 6,000 in safe seats. It revealed a national two-party-preferred vote for Labor of 51.6 percent. Losses in Queensland and New South Wales were offset by the gains of Dunkley, McEwen (both 57 percent for Labor), and Cowper and Boothby (both 54 percent for Labor), finishing with a total of 79 Labor, 68 coalition, 3 independent.[66][67][68]

Two-party-preferred vote

The graph shows a timeline of the estimates by three main polling companies – Roy Morgan (green), Nielsen (blue), and Newspoll (red) – of the two-party-preferred vote for Labor from January 2008 to 20 July 2010. The pink dot on the left side represents the actual 2PP vote for Labor in the November 2007 election.

Primary vote

The graph shows a timeline of Newspoll's estimates of the primary vote for Labor (red), the Coalition (blue), the Greens (green), and other parties or independent candidates (magenta) from 2007 to 2010. The four dots on the left side represent the actual vote for each party in the November 2007 election.

Newspoll leader ratings
Better Prime Minister^
Date Labor
Gillard		 Liberal
Abbott
17–19 Aug 2010 50% 37%
13–15 Aug 2010 50% 35%
6–8 Aug 2010 49% 34%
30 Jul – 1 August 2010 50% 35%
23–25 Jul 2010 50% 34%
16–18 Jul 2010 57% 27%
25–27 Jun 2010 53% 29%
Rudd Abbott
18–20 Jun 2010 46% 37%
28–30 May 2010 49% 33%
14–16 May 2010 49% 33%
30 Apr – 2 May 2010 50% 32%
16–18 Apr 2010 56% 29%
26–28 Mar 2010 59% 27%
12–14 Mar 2010 55% 30%
26–28 Feb 2010 55% 30%
12–14 Feb 2010 55% 27%
29–31 Jan 2010 58% 26%
15–17 Jan 2010 57% 25%
4–6 Dec 2009 60% 23%
Rudd Turnbull
27–29 Nov 2009 65% 14%
13–15 Nov 2009 63% 22%
30 Oct – 1 November 2009 63% 19%
16–18 Oct 2009 65% 19%
28 Sep – 1 October 2009 67% 18%
Polling conducted by Newspoll and published in The Australian.
^Remainder were "uncommitted".
Satisfaction^
Date Satisfied Dissatisfied Satisfied Dissatisfied
Gillard Abbott
17–19 Aug 2010 44% 43% 42% 50%
13–15 Aug 2010 44% 38% 43% 46%
6–8 Aug 2010 43% 41% 41% 49%
30 Jul – 1 August 2010 42% 40% 44% 46%
23–25 Jul 2010 41% 37% 40% 46%
16–18 Jul 2010 48% 29% 36% 51%
25–27 Jun 2010 N/A (new) N/A (new) 42% 41%
Rudd Abbott
18–20 Jun 2010 36% 55% 38% 49%
28–30 May 2010 36% 54% 37% 49%
14–16 May 2010 39% 51% 42% 45%
30 Apr – 2 May 2010 39% 50% 45% 43%
16–18 Apr 2010 50% 41% 46% 40%
26–28 Mar 2010 51% 39% 44% 43%
12–14 Mar 2010 48% 41% 47% 38%
26–28 Feb 2010 51% 40% 48% 38%
12–14 Feb 2010 50% 40% 44% 37%
29–31 Jan 2010 50% 38% 41% 39%
15–17 Jan 2010 52% 34% 40% 35%
4–6 Dec 2009 58% 32% N/A (new) N/A (new)
Rudd Turnbull
27–29 Nov 2009 56% 34% 36% 50%
13–15 Nov 2009 56% 34% 34% 50%
30 Oct – 1 November 2009 59% 32% 32% 51%
16–18 Oct 2009 63% 28% 32% 54%
28 Sep – 1 October 2009 67% 21% 33% 48%
Polling conducted by Newspoll and published in The Australian.
^Remainder were "uncommitted".

Newspaper endorsements
Dailies   Sundays
Newspaper Endorsement Newspaper Endorsement
The Advertiser Labor[69]
The Age Labor[70] The Sunday Age Labor[71]
The Australian Liberal[72] The Weekend Australian Liberal
The Australian Financial Review Liberal
The Canberra Times Labor[69]
The Courier-Mail Liberal National[69] The Sunday Mail Liberal National[69]
The Daily Telegraph Liberal[69] The Sunday Telegraph Labor[73]
The Herald Sun Liberal[74] Sunday Herald Sun Labor[75]
The Mercury Labor
Northern Territory News Labor[76]
The Sydney Morning Herald Labor[77]
The West Australian Liberal[78]

Candidates and seats
Main article: Candidates of the Australian federal election, 2010

See also

Notes
  1. The National Party of Western Australia prior to and subsequent to the election are in no federal Coalition agreement, Nationals WA MP Tony Crook has stated that he is a crossbencher, and has said: "In every news report and press report we see, my number is being allocated in with the Coalition and it shouldn't be". Thus, the party has been counted separately from the Coalition totals.
  2. On 6 August 2010, the High Court of Australia ruled in the case Rowe v Electoral Commissioner that certain provisions of the Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918 were invalid, specifically those introduced in the Electoral and Referendum Amendment (Electoral Integrity and Other Measures) Act 2006, which closed the electoral roll on the day the writ for a federal election is issued. An estimated 100,000 enrolments were reconsidered by the Australian Electoral Commission, which contacted applicants to inform them they would be eligible to vote in this election.

References
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  3. "Australia count begins after tight election race". BBC News. 21 August 2010.
  4. "Australia heads for hung parliament". BBC News. 21 August 2010. Archived from the original on 21 August 2010. Retrieved 21 August 2010.
  5. Peatling, Stephanie; Heath Aston (18 July 2010). "It's good to be Greens, as balance of power tipped". Sunday Morning Hearld. Archived from the original on 22 July 2010. Retrieved 19 August 2010.
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  8. Rodgers, Emma (7 September 2010). "Labor day: Gillard retains grip on power". ABC News. Archived from the original on 9 September 2010. Retrieved 8 September 2010.
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  12. "Slipper long plotted against us: LNP". The Sydney Morning Herald. 24 November 2011.
  13. "How Labor lured Peter Slipper to Speaker's chair in Federal Parliament". ABC News. 27 November 2011.
  14. Colebatch, Tim (23 August 2010). "Greens win seats in every state". Sunday Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 25 August 2010. Retrieved 27 August 2010.
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  22. "Two-party state-by-state results since 1949". AEC. 18 July 2008. Retrieved 18 February 2011.
  23. online political correspondent Emma Rodgers. "ABC Online 'Labor clings to power' – Emma Rodgers – (7 September 2010)". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 8 September 2010. Retrieved 8 September 2010.
  24. Gordon, Josh (15 August 2010). "Bandt says he will 'side with Labor'". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 19 August 2010. Retrieved 23 August 2010.
  25. Rodgers, Emma (1 September 2010). "Greens sign deal to back Labor". ABC News. Archived from the original on 1 September 2010. Retrieved 1 September 2010.
  26. "Greens and labor commit to agreement for stable government". The Australian Greens. 1 September 2010. Archived from the original on 5 September 2010. Retrieved 2 September 2010.
  27. Rodgers, Emma (1 September 2010). "Greens, Labor seal deal". ABC News. Archived from the original on 3 September 2010. Retrieved 8 September 2010.
  28. "Wilkie supports Labor". The Sydney Morning Herald. 2 September 2010. Archived from the original on 5 September 2010. Retrieved 2 September 2010.
  29. Green, Antony (25 August 2010). "Is Tony Crook, new Nationals MP for O'Connor, a member of the Coalition?". ABC News. Archived from the original on 28 August 2010. Retrieved 9 September 2010.
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