1994 European Parliament election in Spain

The 1994 European Parliament election in Spain was held on Sunday, 12 June 1994, as part of the EU-wide election to elect the 4th European Parliament. All 64 seats allocated to Spain as per Council Decision 93/81/Euratom, ECSC, EEC were up for election. The election was held simultaneously with a regional election in Andalusia.

1994 European Parliament election in Spain
12 June 1994
All 64 Spanish seats in the European Parliament
Opinion polls
Registered31,558,999 7.8%
Turnout18,664,055 (59.1%)
4.4 pp
  First party Second party Third party
 
Leader Abel Matutes Fernando Morán Alonso Puerta
Party PP PSOE IU
Alliance EPP PES EUL
Leader since 18 November 1993 10 April 1987 2 March 1994
Leader's seat Spain Spain Spain
Last election 15 seats, 21.4% 27 seats, 40.2% 4 seats, 6.1%
Seats won 28 22 9
Seat change 13 5 5
Popular vote 7,453,900 5,719,707 2,497,671
Percentage 40.1% 30.8% 13.4%
Swing 18.7 pp 9.4 pp 7.3 pp
  Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party
 
Leader Carles Gasòliba Josu Jon Imaz Carlos Garaikoetxea
Party CiU CN PEP
Alliance ELDR
EPP		 EPP
ERA		 RBW
Leader since 1 January 1986 27 February 1994 29 April 1987
Leader's seat Spain Spain Spain (lost)
Last election 2 seats, 4.5% 1 seat, 2.6% 1 seat, 1.6%
Seats won 3 2 0
Seat change 1 1 1
Popular vote 865,913 518,532 239,339
Percentage 4.7% 2.8% 1.3%
Swing 0.2 pp 0.2 pp 0.1 pp

The landslide victory for the People's Party (PP) became the first PP win over the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) in a nationwide election.[1]

Electoral system

The 64 members of the European Parliament allocated to Spain as per Council Decision 93/81/Euratom, ECSC, EEC were elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with no threshold being applied in order to be entitled to enter seat distribution. However, the use of the D'Hondt method might result in an effective threshold depending on the district magnitude.[2] Seats were allocated to a single multi-member constituency comprising the entire national territory. Voting was on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprised all nationals and resident non-national European citizens over eighteen and in full enjoyment of their political rights.[3][4][5]

The electoral law provided that parties, federations, coalitions and groupings of electors were allowed to present lists of candidates. However, they were required to secure the signature of at least 15,000 registered electors. Electors were barred from signing for more than one list of candidates. Parties, federations and coalitions were allowed to replace this requirement with the signature of at least 50 elected officials—deputies, senators, MEPs or members from the legislative assemblies of autonomous communities or from local city councils—. Concurrently, parties and federations intending to enter in coalition to take part jointly at an election were required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days from the election call.[3][4]

Parties and coalitions

Below is a list of the main parties and coalitions which contested the election:

Parties and coalitions[6] Alliance Ideology Candidate Seats
before[7][8]
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)[lower-alpha 1] PES Social democracy Fernando Morán[9][10] 27
People's Party (PP)[lower-alpha 2] EPP Conservatism
Christian democracy		 Abel Matutes[11] 15
Forum–Democratic and Social Centre (Foro–CDS)
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS)
Forum (Foro)		 ELDR Centrism
Liberalism		 Eduard Punset[12] 3 (CDS)
1 (Foro)
United Left (IU)
United Left (IU)
Initiative for Catalonia (IC)		 NI Socialism
Communism		 Alonso Puerta[13] 3 (IU)
1 (IC)
Convergence and Union (CiU)
Democratic Convergence of Catalonia (CDC)
Democratic Union of Catalonia (UDC)
Valencian People's Union (UPV)
Socialist Party of Majorca (PSM)		 ELDR (CDC)
EPP (UDC)		 Catalan nationalism
Centrism		 Carles Gasòliba 1 (CDC)
1 (UDC)
Ruiz-Mateos Group (Ruiz-Mateos) EDA Populism José María Ruiz-Mateos 2
Nationalist Coalition (CN)
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV)
Canarian Coalition (CC)
Valencian Union (UV)
Aragonese Party (PAR)
Galician Coalition (CG)
Majorcan Union (UM)		 RBW (CG) Regionalism Josu Jon Imaz[14] 1 (CG)
Andalusian Coalition–Andalusian Power (PA–PAP)
Andalusian Party (PA)
Andalusian Progress Party (PAP)		 RBW (PA) Andalusian nationalism
Social democracy		 Diego de los Santos 1 (PA)
Popular Unity (HB) NI Basque independence
Left-wing nationalism		 Karmelo Landa 1
For the Europe of the Peoples (PEP)
Basque Solidarity (EA)
Catalan Action (AC)
Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC)
Nationalist and Ecologist Agreement (ENE)
Commoners' Land–Castilian Nationalist Party (TC–PNC)		 RBW (ERC) Left-wing nationalism Carlos Garaikoetxea[15] 1 (ERC)

Opinion polls

The table below lists voting intention estimates in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. Where the fieldwork dates are unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading party's colour. If a tie ensues, this is applied to the figures with the highest percentages. The "Lead" column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the parties with the highest percentages in a given poll. When available, seat projections are also displayed below the voting estimates in a smaller font.

Color key:

  Exit poll

Results

Overall
For results by autonomous community/constituency, see Results breakdown of the 1994 European Parliament election in Spain.
← Summary of the 12 June 1994 European Parliament election results in Spain →
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
People's Party (PP) 7,453,90040.12+18.71 28+13
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)1 5,719,70730.79–9.43 22–5
United Left (IU) 2,497,67113.44+7.38 9+5
Convergence and Union (CiU)2 865,9134.66+0.12 3+1
Nationalist Coalition (CN)3 518,5322.79+0.18 2+1
For the Europe of the Peoples (PEP)4 239,3391.29–0.14 0–1
Forum–Democratic and Social Centre (Foro–CDS) 183,4180.99–6.16 0–5
Popular Unity (HB) 180,3240.97–0.73 0–1
Andalusian Coalition–Andalusian Power (PA–PAP)5 140,4450.76–1.10 0–1
Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG) 139,2210.75+0.46 0±0
Green Group (GV) 109,5670.59New 0±0
Ruiz-Mateos Group (Ruiz-Mateos) 82,4100.44–3.40 0–2
The Greens–Ecologist Confederation of Catalonia (EV–CEC)6 42,2370.23–0.07 0±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) 29,6920.16–0.34 0±0
Hunting, Fishing, Nature, Tradition (CPNT) 29,0250.16New 0±0
Revolutionary Workers' Party (POR) 16,1440.09New 0±0
Asturianist Party (PAS)7 14,8460.08+0.05 0±0
United Extremadura (EU)8 13,5800.07±0.00 0±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) 11,7330.06–0.09 0±0
Regionalist Unity of Castile and León (URCL) 10,0190.05New 0±0
Natural Law Party (PLN) 7,8450.04New 0±0
Humanist Party (PH) 7,4990.04–0.08 0±0
Coalition for a New Socialist Party (CNPS)9 7,3490.04–0.07 0±0
Regionalist Party of the Leonese Country (PREPAL) 6,1970.03New 0±0
Independent Spanish Phalanx (FEI) 5,6020.03New 0±0
Carlist Traditionalist Communion (CTC) 5,2260.03New 0±0
Justice and Welfare Party (JyB) 4,9920.03New 0±0
Extremaduran Regionalist Party (PREx) 4,8360.03New 0±0
National Democratic Alternative (ADN) 4,6890.03New 0±0
Carlist Party (PC) 4,6400.02–0.03 0±0
Galician Alternative (AG) 4,4310.02New 0±0
GPOR–PST (LVS) Coalition (GPOR–PST)10 3,7650.02–0.22 0±0
Lanzarote Independents Party (PIL) 00.00New 0±0
The Greens of the Region of Murcia (LVRM) 00.00New 0±0
Canarian Nationalist Party (PNC) 00.00New 0±0
Left of the Peoples (IP)11 n/an/a–0.81 0–1
Blank ballots 213,6211.15–0.12
Total 18,578,415 64+4
Valid votes 18,578,41599.54+0.56
Invalid votes 85,6400.46–0.56
Votes cast / turnout 18,664,05559.14+4.43
Abstentions 12,894,94440.86–4.43
Registered voters 31,558,999
Sources[16][6]
Popular vote
PP
 
 40.12%
PSOE
 
 30.79%
IU
 
 13.44%
CiU
 
 4.66%
CN
 
 2.79%
PEP
 
 1.29%
Others
 
 5.76%
Blank ballots
 
 1.15%
Seats
PP
 
 43.75%
PSOE
 
 34.38%
IU
 
 14.06%
CiU
 
 4.69%
CN
 
 3.13%

Distribution by European group
Summary of political group distribution in the 4th European Parliament (1994–1999)[17]
Groups Parties Seats Total %
European People's Party (EPP) 28
1
1		 30 46.88
Party of European Socialists (PES) 22 22 34.38
European United Left (EUL) 9 9 14.06
European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party (ELDR) 2 2 3.13
European Radical Alliance (ERA) 1 1 1.56
Total 64 64 100.00

Elected legislators

The following table lists the elected legislators:[18]

Notes
  1. Includes the Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC) as an integral part of the candidacy, running as a sister party in Catalonia.
  2. Includes Navarrese People's Union (UPN) as an integral part of the candidacy, running as a sister party in Navarre.

References
Opinion poll sources
  1. "Sondejos". Generalitat de Catalunya (in Catalan). Retrieved 16 June 2018.
  2. "Elecciones al Parlamento Europeo de 12 de junio de 1994". Revista de Derecho Político (in Spanish). 1996.
  3. "Edición del Martes 14 de Junio de 1994. Página 28". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). 14 June 1994.
  4. "El PP aventaja al PSOE cuando sólo faltan siete días para el 12-J". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). 5 June 1994.
  5. "Preelectoral europeas 1994 (Estudio nº 2104. Junio 1994)". CIS (in Spanish). 2 June 1994.
  6. "Estudio CIS nº 2104. Ficha técnica" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 2 June 1994.
  7. "El PP aventaja al PSOE en cinco puntos". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 5 June 1994.
  8. "El PP gana las europeas por seis puntos y el PSOE pierde la mayoría absoluta en Andalucía". El País (in Spanish). 5 June 1994.
  9. "El PP sacará al PSOE seis puntos en las europeas". El País (in Spanish). 5 June 1994.
  10. "La corrupción provoca un gran repliegue del voto socialista". El País (in Spanish). 5 June 1994.
  11. "El Partido Popular mantiene una ventaja de ocho puntos sobre el PSOE en la intención de voto". ABC (in Spanish). 4 June 1994.
  12. "Estudio C.I.S. nº 2.103. Ficha técnica" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 7 June 1994.
  13. "Estudio C.I.S. nº 2.100. Ficha técnica" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 7 June 1994.
  14. "El PP aventaja en cinco puntos al PSOE". El Mundo (in Spanish). 15 May 1994.
  15. "El PP aventaja en 7 puntos al PSOE en la intención de voto para las elecciones europeas". ABC (in Spanish). 13 May 1994.
  16. "El PP aventaja al PSOE para las europeas pero con casi un 50 por ciento de indecisos". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 17 April 1994.
  17. "Anguita es ahora el líder político más valorado, superando a González y Aznar". El Mundo (in Spanish). 28 March 1994. Archived from the original on 24 January 2008.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  18. "El PP, con 28 escaños, sería el partido más votado hoy en las elecciones europeas". ABC (in Spanish). 13 March 1994.
  19. "El PP ganaría al PSOE si se celebrasen ahora las elecciones al Parlamento Europeo". ABC (in Spanish). 13 March 1994.
Other
  1. Yárnoz, Carlos (13 June 1994). "Aznar gana con claridad a González". El País (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 7 March 2017.
  2. Gallagher, Michael (30 July 2012). "Effective threshold in electoral systems". Trinity College, Dublin. Archived from the original on 30 July 2017. Retrieved 22 July 2017.
  3. "General Electoral System Organic Law of 1985". Organic Law No. 5 of 19 June 1985. Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 6 March 2017.
  4. "Representation of the people Institutional Act". www.juntaelectoralcentral.es. Central Electoral Commission. Retrieved 16 June 2017.
  5. "Decision amending the Act concerning the election of the representatives of the European Parliament by direct universal suffrage, annexed to Council Decision 76/787/ECSC, EEC, Euratom of 20 September 1976". Council Decision No. 93/81/Euratom, ECSC, EEC of 9 February 1993. Official Journal of the European Communities. Retrieved 21 July 2017.
  6. "European election 12 June 1994". historiaelectoral.com (in Spanish). Electoral History. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
  7. "European Parliament: Distribution of Spanish MEPs among parliamentary groups". historiaelectoral.com (in Spanish). Electoral History. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
  8. "Votes and seats in European Parliament elections". historiaelectoral.com (in Spanish). Electoral History. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
  9. Díez, Anabel (7 April 1987). "Fernando Morán encabezará la candidatura del PSOE para el Parlamento Europeo". El País (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
  10. Díez, Anabel (5 May 1994). "El PSOE designará hoy a Morán como cabeza de lista en las europeas". El País (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
  11. González Ibañez, Juan (19 November 1993). "Abel Matutes encabezará la candidatura del PP al Parlamento Europeo". El País (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
  12. Agencia EFE (29 April 1994). "Punset encabezará la coalición CDS-FORO". El País (in Spanish). Retrieved 20 July 2017.
  13. Rivas, Javier (3 March 1994). "Alonso Puerta encabezará la lista europea de IU con el rechazo de los 'duros' del PCE". El País (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
  14. Gorospe, Pedro (28 February 1994). "Ardanza pide que los vascos defiendan directamente sus intereses en la UE". El País (in Spanish). Bilbao. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
  15. Etxarri, Tonia (30 April 1987). "Coalición electoral". El País (in Spanish). Retrieved 20 July 2017.
  16. "Electoral Results Consultation. European Parliament. June 1994. National totals". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 24 September 2017.
  17. "Parlamento Europeo: Distribución de los Eurodiputados españoles en grupos parlamentarios". historiaelectoral.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 17 March 2017.
  18. Junta Electoral Central: "Acuerdo de la Junta Electoral Central de 29 de junio de 1994 por el que se procede a la proclamación de Diputados electos al Parlamento Europeo en las elecciones celebradas el 12 de junio de 1994" (PDF). Boletín Oficial del Estado (155): 21095. 30 July 1994. ISSN 0212-033X.
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