List of current heads of state and government

This is a list of current heads of state and heads of government. In some cases, mainly in presidential systems, there is only one leader being both head of state and head of government. In other cases, mainly in semi-presidential and parliamentary systems, the head of state and the head of government are different people. In semi-presidential and parliamentary systems, the head of government role (i.e. executive branch) is fulfilled by both the listed head of government and the head of state.

The list includes the names of recently elected or appointed heads of state and government who will take office on an appointed date, as presidents-elect and prime ministers-designate, and those leading a government in exile if internationally recognised.

Member and observer states of the United Nations

Colour key
  Green cells indicate leaders whose offices constitutionally administer the executive of their respective state/government.
  Blue cells indicate nonceremonial heads of state with limited power (e.g. Bhutan) or de facto government leaders whose offices lack de jure constitutional power (e.g. Peru).
Note: Names in small font generally denote acting, transitional, temporary leaders, or representatives. Other notes and exceptions are provided at § Notes.
State Head of state Head of government
 Afghanistan President – Ashraf Ghani
 Albania President Ilir Meta Prime Minister – Edi Rama
 Algeria President – Abdelmadjid Tebboune Prime Minister Abdelaziz Djerad
 Andorra Episcopal Co-Prince Joan Enric Vives i Sicília
Co-Prince's Representative Josep Maria Mauri
French Co-Prince Emmanuel Macron[lower-greek 1]
Co-Prince's Representative Patrick Strzoda
Head of Government – Xavier Espot Zamora
 Angola President – João Lourenço
 Antigua and Barbuda Queen Elizabeth II[lower-greek 2]
Governor-General – Sir Rodney Williams
Prime Minister – Gaston Browne
 Argentina President – Alberto Fernández
 Armenia President Armen Sarksyan Prime Minister – Nikol Pashinyan
 Australia Queen Elizabeth II[lower-greek 2]
Governor-General David Hurley
Prime Minister – Scott Morrison
 Austria President Alexander Van der Bellen Federal Chancellor – Sebastian Kurz
 Azerbaijan President – Ilham Aliyev Prime Minister Ali Asadov
 Bahamas, The Queen Elizabeth II[lower-greek 2]
Governor-General – Sir Cornelius A. Smith
Prime Minister – Hubert Minnis
 Bahrain King – Sheikh Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa Prime Minister – Prince Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa
 Bangladesh President Abdul Hamid Prime Minister – Sheikh Hasina
 Barbados Queen Elizabeth II[lower-greek 2]
Governor-General – Dame Sandra Mason
Prime Minister – Mia Mottley
 Belarus President – Alexander Lukashenko Prime Minister Roman Golovchenko
 Belgium King Philippe Prime Minister – Alexander De Croo
 Belize Queen Elizabeth II[lower-greek 2]
Governor-General – Sir Colville Young
Prime Minister – Juan Briceño
 Benin President – Patrice Talon
 Bhutan King – Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck Prime Minister – Lotay Tshering
 Bolivia President – Luis Arce
 Bosnia and Herzegovina High Representative – Valentin Inzko
Presidency[lower-greek 3] Chairman of the Council of Ministers Zoran Tegeltija
Milorad Dodik (as Chairman)
Šefik Džaferović (as Member)
Željko Komšić (as Member)
 Botswana President – Mokgweetsi Masisi
 Brazil President – Jair Bolsonaro
 Brunei Sultan and Prime Minister – Hassanal Bolkiah
 Bulgaria President Rumen Radev Prime Minister – Boyko Borisov
 Burkina Faso President – Roch Marc Christian Kaboré Prime Minister Christophe Joseph Marie Dabiré
 Burundi President – Évariste Ndayishimiye[lower-greek 4] Prime Minister Alain-Guillaume Bunyoni
 Cambodia King Norodom Sihamoni Prime Minister – Hun Sen
 Cameroon President – Paul Biya[lower-greek 4] Prime Minister Joseph Ngute
 Canada Queen Elizabeth II[lower-greek 2]
Administrator Richard Wagner
Prime Minister – Justin Trudeau
 Cape Verde President – Jorge Carlos Fonseca Prime Minister Ulisses Correia e Silva
 Central African Republic President – Faustin-Archange Touadéra[lower-greek 4] Prime Minister Firmin Ngrébada
 Chad President – Idriss Déby
 Chile President – Sebastián Piñera
 China General Secretary of the Communist Party – Xi Jinping
President – Xi Jinping Premier of the State Council Li Keqiang
 Colombia President – Iván Duque
 Comoros President – Azali Assoumani
 Congo, Democratic Republic of the President – Félix Tshisekedi Prime Minister Vacant
 Congo, Republic of the President – Denis Sassou Nguesso Prime Minister Clément Mouamba
 Costa Rica President – Carlos Alvarado Quesada
 Croatia President Zoran Milanović Prime Minister – Andrej Plenković
 Cuba First Secretary of the Communist Party – Raúl Castro
President Miguel Díaz-Canel Prime Minister Manuel Marrero Cruz
 Cyprus President – Nicos Anastasiades
 Czech Republic President Miloš Zeman Prime Minister – Andrej Babiš
 Denmark Queen Margrethe II Prime Minister – Mette Frederiksen
 Djibouti President – Ismaïl Omar Guelleh[lower-greek 4] Prime Minister Abdoulkader Kamil Mohamed
 Dominica President Charles Savarin Prime Minister – Roosevelt Skerrit
 Dominican Republic President – Luis Abinader
 East Timor President – Francisco Guterres Prime Minister Taur Matan Ruak
 Ecuador President – Lenín Moreno
 Egypt President – Abdel Fattah el-Sisi Prime Minister Mostafa Madbouly
 El Salvador President – Nayib Bukele
 Equatorial Guinea President – Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo[lower-greek 4] Prime Minister Francisco Pascual Obama Asue
 Eritrea Chairman of the People's Front for Democracy and Justice – Isaias Afwerki
President – Isaias Afwerki
 Estonia President Kersti Kaljulaid Prime Minister – Kaja Kallas
 Eswatini King – Mswati III Acting Prime Minister Themba N. Masuku
 Ethiopia President Sahle-Work Zewde Prime Minister – Abiy Ahmed
 Fiji President Jioji Konrote Prime Minister – Frank Bainimarama
 Finland President Sauli Niinistö Prime Minister – Sanna Marin
 France President – Emmanuel Macron[lower-greek 1] Prime Minister Jean Castex
 Gabon President – Ali Bongo Ondimba[lower-greek 4] Prime Minister Rose Christiane Raponda
 Gambia, The President – Adama Barrow
 Georgia President Salome Zourabichvili Prime Minister – Giorgi Gakharia
 Germany President Frank-Walter Steinmeier Federal Chancellor – Angela Merkel
 Ghana President – Nana Akufo-Addo
 Greece President Katerina Sakellaropoulou Prime Minister – Kyriakos Mitsotakis
 Grenada Queen Elizabeth II[lower-greek 2]
Governor-General – Dame Cécile La Grenade
Prime Minister – Keith Mitchell
 Guatemala President – Alejandro Giammattei
 Guinea President – Alpha Condé[lower-greek 4] Prime Minister Ibrahima Kassory Fofana
 Guinea-Bissau President – Umaro Sissoco Embaló Prime Minister Nuno Gomes Nabiam
 Guyana President – Irfaan Ali[lower-greek 4] Prime Minister Mark Phillips
 Haiti President – Jovenel Moïse Prime Minister Joseph Jouthe
 Honduras President – Juan Orlando Hernández
 Hungary President János Áder Prime Minister – Viktor Orbán
 Iceland President Guðni Th. Jóhannesson Prime Minister – Katrín Jakobsdóttir
 India President Ram Nath Kovind Prime Minister – Narendra Modi
 Indonesia President – Joko Widodo
 Iran Supreme Leader – Ali Khamenei[lower-greek 5] President – Hassan Rouhani
 Iraq President Barham Salih Prime Minister – Mustafa Al-Kadhimi
 Ireland President Michael D. Higgins Taoiseach – Micheál Martin
 Israel President Reuven Rivlin Prime Minister – Benjamin Netanyahu
 Italy President Sergio Mattarella President of the Council of Ministers – Giuseppe Conte
 Ivory Coast President – Alassane Ouattara[lower-greek 4] Prime Minister Hamed Bakayoko
 Jamaica Queen Elizabeth II[lower-greek 2]
Governor-General – Sir Patrick Allen
Prime Minister – Andrew Holness
 Japan Emperor Naruhito[lower-greek 6] Prime Minister – Yoshihide Suga
 Jordan King – Abdullah II Prime Minister Bisher Al-Khasawneh
 Kazakhstan Chairman of the Security Council – Nursultan Nazarbayev
President – Qasym-Zhomart Toqaev Prime Minister Asqar Mamin
 Kenya President – Uhuru Kenyatta
 Kiribati President – Taneti Maamau
 Kuwait Emir – Sheikh Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah Prime Minister – Sheikh Sabah Al-Khalid Al-Sabah
 Kyrgyzstan President – Sadyr Japarov Prime Minister – Ulukbek Maripov
 Laos General Secretary of the People's Revolutionary Party – Thongloun Sisoulith
President Bounnhang Vorachith Prime Minister – Thongloun Sisoulith
 Latvia President Egils Levits Prime Minister – Krišjānis Kariņš
 Lebanon President Michel Aoun Acting President of the Council of Ministers Hassan Diab
President-designate of the Council of Ministers Saad Hariri
 Lesotho King Letsie III Prime Minister – Moeketsi Majoro
 Liberia President – George Weah
 Libya Chairman of the Presidential Council and Prime Minister – Fayez al-Sarraj
Presidential Council-elect[lower-greek 7] Prime minister-designate – Abdulhamid Dbeibeh
Mohamed al-Menfi (as Chairman)
Abdullah al-Lafi (as Member)
Musa al-Koni (as Member)
 Liechtenstein Prince Regnant Hans-Adam II Head of Government Adrian Hasler
Head of government-designate Daniel Risch
Regent – Hereditary Prince Alois
 Lithuania President – Gitanas Nausėda Prime Minister Ingrida Šimonytė
 Luxembourg Grand Duke Henri Prime Minister – Xavier Bettel
 Madagascar President – Andry Rajoelina Prime Minister Christian Ntsay
 Malawi President – Lazarus Chakwera
 Malaysia Yang di-Pertuan Agong Abdullah Sultan Ahmad Shah Prime Minister – Muhyiddin Yassin
 Maldives President – Ibrahim Mohamed Solih
 Mali Interim President Bah Ndaw Interim Prime Minister Moctar Ouane
 Malta President George Vella Prime Minister – Robert Abela
 Marshall Islands President – David Kabua
 Mauritania President – Mohamed Ould Ghazouani Prime Minister Mohamed Ould Bilal
 Mauritius President Prithvirajsing Roopun Prime Minister – Pravind Jugnauth
 Mexico President – Andrés Manuel López Obrador
 Federated States of Micronesia President – David W. Panuelo
 Moldova President Maia Sandu Acting Prime Minister Aureliu Ciocoi
Prime minister-designate Natalia Gavriliță
 Monaco Sovereign Prince – Albert II Minister of State Pierre Dartout
 Mongolia President – Khaltmaagiin Battulga Prime Minister Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene
 Montenegro President Milo Đukanović Prime Minister – Zdravko Krivokapić
 Morocco King – Mohammed VI Head of Government Saadeddine Othmani
 Mozambique President – Filipe Nyusi[lower-greek 4] Prime Minister Carlos Agostinho do Rosário
 Myanmar Chairman of the State Administrative Council – Min Aung Hlaing Acting President Myint Swe
 Namibia President – Hage Geingob[lower-greek 4] Prime Minister Saara Kuugongelwa
 Nauru President – Lionel Aingimea
   Nepal President Bidhya Devi Bhandari Prime Minister – KP Sharma Oli
 Netherlands King Willem-Alexander Prime Minister – Mark Rutte
 New Zealand Queen Elizabeth II[lower-greek 2]
Governor-General – Dame Patsy Reddy[lower-greek 8]
Prime Minister – Jacinda Ardern
 Nicaragua President – Daniel Ortega
 Niger President – Mahamadou Issoufou Prime Minister Brigi Rafini
 Nigeria President – Muhammadu Buhari
 North Korea General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea – Kim Jong-un
Supreme Leader – Kim Jong-un[lower-greek 9]
Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly Choe Ryong-hae[lower-greek 10]
Premier of the Cabinet Kim Tok-hun
 North Macedonia President Stevo Pendarovski President of the Government – Zoran Zaev
 Norway King Harald V Prime Minister – Erna Solberg
 Oman Sultan and Prime Minister – Haitham bin Tariq
 Pakistan President Arif Alvi Prime Minister – Imran Khan
 Palau President – Surangel Whipps Jr.
 Palestine President – Mahmoud Abbas Prime Minister Mohammad Shtayyeh
 Panama President – Laurentino Cortizo
 Papua New Guinea Queen Elizabeth II[lower-greek 2]
Governor-General – Sir Bob Dadae
Prime Minister – James Marape
 Paraguay President – Mario Abdo Benítez
 Peru Interim President Francisco Sagasti[lower-greek 4] President of the Council of Ministers Violeta Bermúdez
 Philippines President – Rodrigo Duterte
 Poland President – Andrzej Duda President of the Council of Ministers Mateusz Morawiecki
 Portugal President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa Prime Minister – António Costa
 Qatar Emir – Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani Prime Minister – Sheikh Khalid bin Khalifa bin Abdul Aziz Al Thani
 Romania President – Klaus Iohannis Prime Minister Florin Cîțu
 Russia President – Vladimir Putin Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin
 Rwanda President – Paul Kagame[lower-greek 4] Prime Minister Édouard Ngirente
 Saint Kitts and Nevis Queen Elizabeth II[lower-greek 2]
Governor-General – Sir Tapley Seaton
Prime Minister – Timothy Harris
 Saint Lucia Queen Elizabeth II[lower-greek 2]
Governor-General – Sir Neville Cenac
Prime Minister – Allen Chastanet
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Queen Elizabeth II[lower-greek 2]
Governor-General – Dame Susan Dougan
Prime Minister – Ralph Gonsalves
 Samoa O le Ao o le Malo Tuimalealiifano Va'aletoa Sualauvi II Prime Minister – Tuilaepa Aiono Sailele Malielegaoi
 San Marino Captain Regent – Alessandro Cardelli
Captain Regent Mirko Dolcini
 São Tomé and Príncipe President – Evaristo Carvalho Prime Minister Jorge Bom Jesus
 Saudi Arabia King – Salman[lower-greek 4] First Deputy Prime Minister Mohammed bin Salman
 Senegal President – Macky Sall
 Serbia President – Aleksandar Vučić Prime Minister – Ana Brnabić
 Seychelles President – Wavel Ramkalawan
 Sierra Leone President – Julius Maada Bio[lower-greek 4] Chief Minister David J. Francis
 Singapore President Halimah Yacob Prime Minister – Lee Hsien Loong
 Slovakia President Zuzana Čaputová Prime Minister – Igor Matovič
 Slovenia President Borut Pahor Prime Minister – Janez Janša
 Solomon Islands Queen Elizabeth II[lower-greek 2]
Governor-General – Sir David Vunagi
Prime Minister – Manasseh Sogavare
 Somalia President Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed Prime Minister – Mohamed Hussein Roble
 South Africa President – Cyril Ramaphosa
 South Korea President – Moon Jae-in[lower-greek 4] Prime Minister Chung Sye-kyun
 South Sudan President – Salva Kiir Mayardit
 Spain King Felipe VI President of the Government – Pedro Sánchez
 Sri Lanka President – Gotabaya Rajapaksa Prime Minister Mahinda Rajapaksa
 Sudan Leader of the Sovereignty Council – Abdel Fattah al-Burhan Prime Minister Abdalla Hamdok
 Suriname President – Chan Santokhi
 Sweden King Carl XVI Gustaf Prime Minister – Stefan Löfven
  Switzerland
Guy Parmelin (as President)
 Syria President – Bashar al-Assad Prime Minister Hussein Arnous
 Tajikistan President – Emomali Rahmon[lower-greek 4] Prime Minister Kokhir Rasulzoda
 Tanzania President – John Magufuli[lower-greek 4] Prime Minister Kassim Majaliwa
 Thailand King – Maha Vajiralongkorn Prime Minister – Prayut Chan-o-cha
 Togo President – Faure Gnassingbé[lower-greek 4] Prime Minister Victoire Tomegah Dogbé
 Tonga King – Tupou VI Prime Minister – Pōhiva Tuʻiʻonetoa
 Trinidad and Tobago President Paula-Mae Weekes Prime Minister – Keith Rowley
 Tunisia President – Kaïs Saïed Prime Minister Hichem Mechichi
 Turkey President – Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
 Turkmenistan President – Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow
 Tuvalu Queen Elizabeth II[lower-greek 2]
Governor-General – Sir Iakoba Italeli
Prime Minister – Kausea Natano
 Uganda President – Yoweri Museveni[lower-greek 4] Prime Minister Ruhakana Rugunda
 Ukraine President Volodymyr Zelensky Prime Minister – Denys Shmyhal
 United Arab Emirates President – Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan Prime Minister – Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum
 United Kingdom Queen Elizabeth II[lower-greek 2] Prime Minister – Boris Johnson
 United States President – Joe Biden
 Uruguay President – Luis Lacalle Pou
 Uzbekistan President – Shavkat Mirziyoyev[lower-greek 4] Prime Minister Abdulla Aripov
 Vanuatu President Tallis Obed Moses Prime Minister – Bob Loughman
  Vatican City Sovereign – Pope Francis President of the Governorate – Cardinal Giuseppe Bertello
 Venezuela President – Nicolás Maduro[lower-greek 12]
 Vietnam General Secretary of the Communist Party – Nguyễn Phú Trọng
President – Nguyễn Phú Trọng
President-elect Nguyễn Xuân Phúc
Prime Minister – Nguyễn Xuân Phúc
 Yemen President – Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi Prime Minister Maeen Abdulmalik Saeed
 Zambia President – Edgar Lungu
 Zimbabwe President – Emmerson Mnangagwa

Other states

The following states control their territory and are recognised by at least one UN member state.

State Also claimed by Head of state Head of government
 Abkhazia  Georgia President – Aslan Bzhania Prime Minister Alexander Ankvab
 Republic of China (Taiwan)  People's Republic of China President – Tsai Ing-wen President of the Executive Yuan Su Tseng-chang
 Cook Islands  New Zealand[lower-greek 13] Queen Elizabeth II[lower-greek 2]
Queen's Representative Tom Marsters
Prime Minister – Mark Brown
 Kosovo  Serbia Acting President Vjosa Osmani Prime Minister – Avdullah Hoti
 Niue New Zealand[lower-greek 13] Queen Elizabeth II[lower-greek 2]
Governor-General – Dame Patsy Reddy[lower-greek 8]
Premier – Dalton Tagelagi
 Northern Cyprus  Cyprus President – Ersin Tatar Prime Minister Ersan Saner
 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic  Morocco General Secretary of the Polisario Front – Brahim Ghali
President – Brahim Ghali Prime Minister Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun
 South Ossetia Georgia President – Anatoly Bibilov Acting Prime Minister Gennady Bekoyev

The following states control their territory, but are not recognised by any UN member states.

State Also claimed by Head of state Head of government
 Artsakh  Azerbaijan President – Arayik Harutyunyan
 Donetsk People's Republic  Ukraine Head of the Republic – Denis Pushilin Prime Minister Alexander Ananchenko
 Luhansk People's Republic Ukraine Head of the Republic – Leonid Pasechnik Prime Minister Sergey Kozlov
 Somaliland  Somalia President – Muse Bihi Abdi
 Transnistria  Moldova President – Vadim Krasnoselsky Prime Minister Aleksandr Martynov

Other governments

These alternative governments are recognized as legitimate by at least one UN member.

Government State Head of state Head of government
 Coordination Council  Belarus President-elect – Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya
 House of Representatives  Libya President of the House of Representatives Aguila Saleh Issa Prime Minister – Abdullah al-Thani
 National Assembly  Venezuela President of the National Assembly – Juan Guaidó
 National League for Democracy  Myanmar President – Win Myint[lower-greek 4] State Counsellor – Aung San Suu Kyi
 Supreme Political Council  Yemen President of the Supreme Political Council – Mahdi al-Mashat Prime Minister Abdel-Aziz bin Habtour
 Syrian Interim Government  Syria President – Anas al-Abdah Prime Minister Abdurrahman Mustafa

Sui generis entities

Entity Head of entity Head of government
Sovereign Military Order of Malta Lieutenant (interim Grand Master)  Marco Luzzago Grand Chancellor Albrecht Freiherr von Boeselager

See also

Notes

  1. The President of France and the French Co-Prince of Andorra are positions held by the same person.
  2. Constitutionally, Elizabeth II is separately and equally monarch of 16 sovereign statesalongside the United Kingdom (UK)known collectively as the Commonwealth realms. In each of these states, with the exception of the UK (where she permanently resides), she is duly represented at the national level by a governor-general.
  3. The three-member Bosnian presidency is the head of state collectively.
  4. In this state, the president is both head of state and head of government; the office of prime minister may exist in these states, but it does not direct executive powernor does the Myanma/Burmese State Counsellor, the Peruvian President of the Council of Ministers, the Saudi Arabian First Deputy Prime Minister, or the Sierra Leonean Chief Minister.
  5. According to articles 89 to 91 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the Supreme Leader of Iran is the head of state, and the President is the head of government. However, the President is still required to gain the Supreme Leader's official approval before being sworn in before Parliament, and the Supreme Leader also has the power to dismiss the elected President at any time.
  6. In actuality the constitution of Japan does not define a formal head of state. The Emperor by unwritten constitutional convention fulfills the functions and duties of the head of state.
  7. As part of a cease fire agreement, the three-member Libyan presidency will be the head of state collectively.
  8. The Governor-General of New Zealand and the Governor-General of Niue are positions held by the same person.
  9. The term "Supreme Leader" is used as a description (for the sake of brevity) rather than being an official title of a single office. The three actual offices held by Kim are:
  10. The President (otherwise known as Chairman) of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly accepts the credentials of foreign ambassadors and represents North Korea on all state visitsceremonial functions usually performed by heads of state in other states. The president has held these duties since 1998, when the constitution was revised.
  11. The seven-member Swiss Federal Council is collectively head of state and government. As a party to the Council, the President serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.
  12. The office of head of state of Venezuela has been disputed between Nicolás Maduro and the President of the National Assembly of Venezuela, Juan Guaidó, since 11 January 2019. See also the Other governments section of this list article.
  13. States in free association with New Zealand.
  • CIDOB Foundation (in Spanish)contextualised biographies of world political leaders
  • EmilePhaneufan archived, partial list of official websites for heads of state
  • Portale Storia (in Spanish)a list of current rulers by country
  • Rulersa list of rulers throughout time and places
  • United Nationsa list of heads of state, heads of government, and foreign ministers

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