Concord, California

Concord was founded as "Todos Santos" in 1869 by Don Salvio Pacheco, a noted Californio ranchero.

The valleys north of Mount Diablo were inhabited by the Miwok people, who hunted elk and fished in the numerous streams flowing from the mountain into the San Francisco Bay. It is important to note Miwok and other indigenous people still live within city limits. In 1772, Spanish explorers began to cross the area, but did not settle there. In 1834, the Mexican land grant Rancho Monte del Diablo at the base of Mount Diablo was granted to Salvio Pacheco (for whom the nearby town of Pacheco is named).

Concord was founded under the name of Todos Santos ("all saints"; a name still borne by the central city plaza and park between Willow Pass Road and Salvio Street), on the initiative of Pacheco in 1869. It achieved prominence in the 19th century when most residents of Pacheco relocating to Concord to avoid the devastation of fire and flood which crippled Pacheco's formerly booming economy. Concord was incorporated on February 5, 1905.[14]

The area around Concord in the surrounding Ygnacio and Clayton Valleys was a large agricultural area. Crops that were grown included grapes, walnuts, almonds, wheat, hay, and even tomatoes. The area to the east (now the site of the Concord Naval Weapons Station) was the site of a few enormous wheat ranches over 5,000 acres (20 km²), and was almost a sea of wheat all the way to the marshes bordering Suisun Bay. During Prohibition, many vineyards were removed and replaced with walnut orchards. The town of Cowell, now incorporated into Concord, produced cement.

The first Concord post office opened in 1872.[15]

Todos Santos Plaza is downtown

Concord is located at 37°58′41″N 122°01′52″W.[11] It is 29 miles (47 kilometres) northeast of San Francisco, 22 miles (35 km) northeast from Oakland, 65 miles (105 km) southwest of Sacramento, and 51 miles (82 km) north of San Jose.[17]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 30.5 square miles (79 km²), all of it land.

The focal point of downtown Concord is Todos Santos Plaza, which encompasses an entire city block and is known for its farmers market, free summer concerts, and large number of surrounding restaurants. Much of the area immediately around downtown has recently been redeveloped, with new high-density apartment and condominium projects to take advantage of the proximity to public transportation and to the area surrounding the park. Despite this, some crime and homelessness remain issues in the downtown area.[18][19]

To the north and east of downtown is the older residential area of Concord, with many homes dating back to before World War II. In the far northern edge of town is a primarily industrial area, dominated by the Tesoro Golden Eagle Refinery (which is actually not located within city limits). The southeastern area of the city, centered along Clayton Road, is primarily residential and was mostly developed in the 1960s and 1970s. In the southwest area of the city is the primarily Latino neighborhood known as Four Corners, centered around the intersection of Monument Boulevard and Oak Grove Road.

Concord is bordered on the west by Pleasant Hill and the unincorporated community of Pacheco, on the south by Walnut Creek, on the southeast by Clayton, on the northeast by Pittsburg and the unincorporated community of Bay Point, and on the north by the unincorporated community of Clyde. Although it shares no border with Concord, Martinez (the county seat) is located almost immediately adjacent to Concord on the northwest. The North Concord BART station is also known as Martinez BART.

Concord has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen Csa), with hot, dry summers and mild to cool, wet winters.

Official data from the National Weather Service cooperative station in Concord shows average January temperatures are a maximum of 57.2 degrees Fahrenheit (14.0 degrees Celsius) and a minimum of 41.6 °F (5.3 °C). Average July temperatures are a maximum of 87.8 °F (31.0 °C) and a minimum of 58.2 °F (14.6 °C). There are an average of 45.0 days with highs of 90 °F (32.2 °C) or higher and 3.8 days with lows of 32 °F (0.0 °C) or lower. The highest recorded temperature was 110 °F (43.3 °C) on September 1, 2017. The lowest record temperature was 24 °F (−4.4 °C) on December 23, 1998.[21]

Average annual precipitation is 18.31 in (46.5 cm), falling on an average of 57 days annually. The wettest year was 1995 with 26.62 inches (676.1 mm) and driest year was 2007 with 10.57 inches (268.5 mm). The most rainfall in one month was 11.79 inches (299.5 mm) in December 2005, which included the 24-hour maximum rainfall of 3.95 inches (100 mm) on December 31.[21]

The 2010 United States Census[24] reported that Concord had a population of 122,067. The population density was 3,996.2 people per square mile (1,542.9/km²). The ethnic makeup of Concord was 78,767 (64.5%) White, 4,371 (3.6%) African American, 852 (0.7%) Native American, 13,538 (11.1%) Asian (4.4% Filipino, 2.4% Chinese, 1.3% Indian, 0.7% Vietnamese, 0.6% Japanese, 0.6% Korean), 816 (0.7%) Pacific Islander, 15,969 (13.1%) from other ethnicities, and 7,754 (6.4%) from two or more ethnicities. Hispanic or Latino of any ethnicity were 37,311 persons (30.6%).

The Census reported that 121,020 people (99.1% of the population) lived in households, 512 (0.4%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 535 (0.4%) were institutionalized.

There were 44,278 households, out of which 15,421 (34.8%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 21,725 (49.1%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 5,642 (12.7%) had a female householder with no husband present, 2,707 (6.1%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 2,952 (6.7%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 512 (1.2%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 10,406 households (23.5%) were made up of individuals, and 3,625 (8.2%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.73. There were 30,074 families (67.9% of all households); the average family size was 3.22.

The population was spread out, with 28,000 people (22.9%) under the age of 18, 10,946 people (9.0%) aged 18 to 24, 35,834 people (29.4%) aged 25 to 44, 32,903 people (27.0%) aged 45 to 64, and 14,384 people (11.8%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37.0 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.0 males.

There were 47,125 housing units at an average density of 1,542.8 per square mile (595.7/km²), of which 44,278 were occupied, of which 27,069 (61.1%) were owner-occupied, and 17,209 (38.9%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.9%; the rental vacancy rate was 7.0%. 71,004 people (58.2% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 50,016 people (41.0%) lived in rental housing units.

In the California State Legislature, Concord is in the 7th Senate District, represented by Democrat Steve Glazer, and in the 14th Assembly District, represented by Democrat Tim Grayson.[26]

Federally, Concord is in California's 11th congressional district, represented by Democrat Mark DeSaulnier.[6]

Sunvalley Mall

Concord has been primarily a bedroom community for San Francisco and Oakland over the last forty years, but during the last decades, jobs within the city have increased.[28] Round Table Pizza is headquartered in Concord, and corporations with strong Bay Area regional ties, such as Chevron and Bank of America, have established extensive back-office operations there, diversifying the local economy. Concord also has a strong retail sector including the Sunvalley Mall, which used to be one of the 50 largest malls in the US,[29] auto dealerships, Costco, and Fry's Electronics. Prior to its dissolution, Atrivo was headquartered in Concord.[30]

Aerial view of the Concord Naval Weapons Station

To the north of the city of Concord is the Concord Naval Weapons Station (CNWS), which was established in 1942. The station functioned as a World War II armament storage depot, supplying ships at Port Chicago. The CNWS supported war efforts during the Vietnam War and through the end of the Gulf War, processing and shipping out thousands of tons of material to Southeast Asia and the Middle East.[32]

The station consists of two areas: the inland area (5,170 acres (21 km²)) which is within the Concord city limits, and tidal area (7,630 acres (31 km²)).[33] Because of changes in military operations, parts of the inland area began to be mothballed and by 1999, the CNWS had only a minimal contingent of military personnel. In 2007, the U.S. Federal Government announced that the inland portion of the CNWS will be closed. The tidal area of the base is not scheduled for closure.[32] The tidal area was transferred to the U.S. Army Surface Deployment and Distribution Command (SDDC) and is now known as Military Ocean Terminal Concord (MOTCO).[34][35] The city is working on a reuse plan that may include developing the land while keeping a large portion for open-space and parks projects. The city has had many meetings on this subject and any plan for reuse is subject to approval by the Navy.[33][36]

Until 1995, the city was the eastern terminus of the Concord line of Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) commuter train system; the line has since been extended eastward to Pittsburg/Bay Point in 1996 and Antioch in 2018. The County Connection provides limited public transportation in the city and to other points in the county. Buses run from the North Concord BART station to Martinez, the county seat.

Overlooking the North Concord BART Station

Main thoroughfares include Willow Pass Road, Concord Avenue, Concord Boulevard, Clayton Road, Monument Boulevard, Ygnacio Valley Road, Oak Grove Road and Treat Boulevard.[37] The city is also served by Interstate 680, and state highways 4 and 242.

Buchanan Field Airport is a public county-owned airfield in the City of Concord. It is served by JetSuiteX, and previously served by American Eagle, WestAir Commuter Airlines, Pacific Southwest Airlines (PSA) and later by PSA successor USAir with the latter two airlines operating nonstop jet service between the airfield and Los Angeles International Airport (LAX).

Concord is served by the Mount Diablo Unified School District (MDUSD). Among the MDUSD schools is Mt. Diablo High School, opened in 1901 and currently home to four academies, including the Digital Safari Academy, a three-year program involving the integration of multimedia with the core curriculum through integrated, project-based learning.

Beyond MDUSD schools, Clayton Valley Charter High School is also home to several acclaimed academies. Catholic schools De La Salle High School for boys and Carondelet High School for girls are also located here. De La Salle's football team holds the U.S. record winning streak of 151 games, set between 1992 and 2004. During that span, De La Salle won 12 California North Coast sectional championships and was named national champion five different times (once by ESPN, four times by USA Today). In August 2014, a Hollywood film titled When the Game Stands Tall was released with the plot line based on their 151-game winning streak.

California State University, East Bay has a campus in Concord.

Concord High School won the 2010 Northern California Boys Division II Football Championship, coached by Brian Hamilton. Ygnacio Valley High School won the 1987 Northern California Boys Division I Basketball Championship, coached by Jim Grace.

Concord is the home of the annual Concord Jazz Festival and was the home of the Concord Records jazz record label until it was bought in 1999. Jazz musician Dave Brubeck was born in Concord[40] and in 2006 a park adjacent to Concord High School on Concord Boulevard was renamed in his honor.

Concord is also home to the 19-time World Champion Blue Devils Drum and Bugle Corps. The corps is made up of talented musicians from around the world. The Concord Blue Devils are the most decorated drum and bugle corps in the history of Drum Corps International.[41]

The Public-access television channel is operated through TelVue Virtual Television Networks.

The headquarters of the Kabul Soccer Club is located in Concord.[42]

• Baldwin Community Park and the Concord Senior Center[43]
• Blue Devils Drum and Bugle Corps
• Buchanan Field Airport
• Camp Concord[44] at South Lake Tahoe, a family-oriented summer camp, although not located in Concord, is operated by the city.
• Concord Pavilion – amphitheater, a major regional concert venue formerly known as the Sleep Train Pavilion and as the Chronicle Pavilion at Concord.
• Concord Skatepark
• Dave Brubeck Park
• Don Francisco Galindo House
• Don Salvio Pacheco Adobe
• Hillcrest Park – home to Matteo's Dream, a playground for children of all abilities[45]
• Lime Ridge Open Space
• Markham Regional Arboretum
• Newhall Community Park
• Port Chicago Naval Magazine National Memorial[46]
• Rick Sears Memorial Park
• Shiva Murugan Temple[47]
• Six Flags Waterworld Concord
• Starting point of the Iron Horse Regional Trail
• Sunvalley Mall
• Todos Santos Plaza – site of farmer's market, concerts, and movies
• West Wind Solano Drive-In Theater
• Willow Pass Community Park
• Ygnacio Valley Park

Artwork produced by Japanese and American citizens to celebrate the sister city relationship between Concord, and Kitakami, located at the Farrel A. Stewart Civic Center.

In 1974, Concord became a sister city with Kitakami, Iwate, in Japan. The city established a small Japanese style park in the city, and placed half of a sculpture, The Communion Bridge, in it. The matching half of the bridge is in Kitakami.[48]

Every five years, a delegation from Concord visits Kitakami and operates a student exchange program.[49]

• Carlos Alazraqui, comedian, television actor, voice-over artist, voice of the Taco Bell chihuahua
• Blake Anderson, comedian, writer, producer, and actor was born in Concord
• Autopsy, death metal band
• George Barnes, jazz musician, long-time resident
• Edi Birsan, game designer and member of the City Council
• Dave Brubeck, festival promoter, jazz musician, orchestra leader
• Gil Castillo, mixed martial artist has been a resident
• Natalie Coughlin, Olympic gold-medalist has been a resident
• Tom Hanks, Oscar-winning actor, producer, and director was born in Concord
• Eva Marie, female professional wrestler formerly signed to the WWE
• Cass McCombs, singer and songwriter was born in Concord
• Brent Mydland, keyboardist for the Grateful Dead from 1979–1990
• Reed Nesbit, urologist, pioneer of transurethral resection of the prostate
• Kyle Newacheck, TV writer, was born in Concord
• Salvio Pacheco, historically important Californio ranchero
• Meredith Patterson, Broadway actress was born in Concord
• Bernt Wahl, mathematician, scientist, entrepreneur, and author was a long-time resident

• List of cities and towns in California
• List of cities and towns in the San Francisco Bay Area

• Official website
• U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Concord, California
• One Concord Center – conference and event facility