Electoral history of the Libertarian Party (United States)

This is a list detailing the electoral history of the Libertarian Party in the United States, sorted by office. The list currently consists of candidates who ran for partisan office.

Legend

Abbreviations and their definitions
Abbrev. Definition
SE Special election, or an election held to fill a political office that has become vacant between regularly scheduled elections.
BP Blanket primary, or a primary where all candidates from all parties are on the same ballot, and those candidates that net
the highest number of votes among those candidates of their own party advance to the general election.
RE Recall election, a procedure by which voters can remove an elected official from office through a direct vote before his
or her term has ended.
W/I Write-in candidate, with the abbreviation marked next to the vote total. These candidates did not appear upon the election
ballot but were still eligible to receive votes by voters writing in the candidate's name.
(*) The candidate, while a member of the party, was for some reason or another not able to get onto the ballot as a Libertarian.

Elections of party officers

National committee chairman and vice-chairman

2008 National Committee Chairman balloting 2008 National Committee Vice-Chairman balloting[1]
Candidates1st2ndCandidates1st
Bill Redpath183204Mike Jingozian224
Ruth Bennett113147Chuck Moulton137
Ernest Hancock71-None6
None24
JR Enfield-1
Vote total369356Vote totals367
Needed to nominate185178Needed to nominate184
2010 National Committee Chairman balloting 2010 National Committee Vice-Chairman balloting[2]
Candidates1st2nd3rdCandidates1st
Mark Hinkle114208281Mark Rutherford285
Wayne Allyn Root201223228Carolyn Marbry201
Ernest Hancock8289-
John Jay Myers70--
George Phillies56--
None10919
Vote total533529528Vote totals490
Needed to nominate267265265Needed to nominate246
2012 National Committee Chairman balloting 2012 National Committee Vice-Chairman balloting[3]
Candidates1st2nd2nd
Adjusted
2nd
Revote
3rd4th5th6thCandidates1st
Geoff Neale----149167212264R. Lee Wrights228
Mark Rutherford2282692702781531552055Bill Redpath179
None101273266277131229159George Phillies20
Mark Hinkle221-------None6
Bill Redpath1---128119--Mark Rutherford1
Jennifer Lopez-----22-
Emma Dearest-----2--
Sam Sloan---1----
Total vote551542536556473457448428Total vote434
Needed to nominate276272269278237229225215Needed to nominate218

Other 2012 Chairman candidates were:

  • R. Lee Wrights (withdrew his name from consideration)
  • Chuck Moulton (declined to be nominated)
  • Wes Wagner (declined to be nominated)
  • Jim Lark (declined to be nominated)
  • Ernie Hancock (didn't receive votes)

Other 2012 Vice-Chairman candidates were:

  • Mark Rutherford (declined to be nominated)
  • Mark Hinkle (declined to be nominated)

Federal elections

President

Year Presidential nominee Home state Previous positions Vice presidential nominee Home state Previous positions Votes Notes
1972
John Hospers
 California Philosopher
Tonie Nathan
 Oregon Radio producer 3,674 (<0.1%)
1 EV
[4]
1976
Roger MacBride
 Virginia Member of the Vermont House of Representatives
(1963–1965)
Candidate for Governor of Vermont
(1964)

David Bergland
 California Nominee for Attorney General of California
(1974)
172,553 (0.2%)
0 EV
1980
Ed Clark
 California Candidate for Governor of California
(1978)

David Koch
 New York Businessman 921,128 (1.1%)
0 EV
1984
David Bergland
 California Nominee for Vice President of the United States
(1976)
Chair of the Libertarian National Committee
(1977–1981)
Nominee for California's 38th State Senate district
(1978)
Nominee for United States Senator from California
(1980)

James A. Lewis
 Connecticut Member of the Libertarian National Committee
(1981–1983)
Nominee for United States Senator from Connecticut
(1982)
228,111 (0.2%)
0 EV
1988
Ron Paul
(campaign)
 Texas Member of the United States House of Representatives from Texas's 22nd district
(1976–1977; 1979–1985)
Candidate for United States Senator from Texas
(1984)

Andre Marrou
 Alaska Member of the Alaska House of Representatives
(1985–1987)
431,750 (0.5%)
0 EV
1992
Andre Marrou
 Alaska Member of the Alaska House of Representatives
(1985–1987)
Nominee for Vice President of the United States
(1988)
Nancy Lord  Nevada Nominee for Mayor of the District of Columbia
(1990)
290,087 (0.3%)
0 EV
1996
Harry Browne
 Tennessee Writer
Jo Jorgensen
 South Carolina Academic
Nominee for South Carolina's 4th congressional district
(1992)
485,759 (0.5%)
0 EV
2000
Harry Browne
(campaign)
 Tennessee Nominee for President of the United States
(1996)

Art Olivier
 California Nominee for California's 54th State Assembly district
(1990)
Member of the Bellflower City Council
(1994–1999)
Mayor of Bellflower
(1998–1999)
384,431 (0.4%)
0 EV
[5]
2004
Michael Badnarik
(campaign)
 Texas Nominee for Texas's 47th State House of Representatives district
(2000)
Nominee for Texas's 48th State House district
(2002)

Richard Campagna
 Iowa Nominee for Lieutenant Governor of Iowa
(2002)
397,265 (0.3%)
0 EV
2008
Bob Barr
(campaign)
 Georgia United States Attorney for the Northern District of Georgia
(1986–1990)
Member of the United States House of Representatives from Georgia's 7th district
(1995–2003)

Wayne Allyn Root
 Nevada Radio host
Candidate for the 8th district of the Westchester County Board of Legislators
(1983)
523,713 (0.4%)
0 EV
2012
Gary Johnson
(campaign)
 New Mexico Governor of New Mexico
(1995–2003)

Jim Gray
 California Nominee for United States Senator from California
(2004)
Member of the Libertarian Party Judicial Committee
(2010–2012)
1,275,923 (1.0%)
0 EV
2016
Gary Johnson
(campaign)
 New Mexico Governor of New Mexico
(1995–2003)
Nominee for President of the United States
(2012)

Bill Weld
 New York United States Attorney for the District of Massachusetts
(1981–1986)
United States Assistant Attorney General for the Criminal Division
(1986–1988)
Governor of Massachusetts
(1991–1997)
Republican nominee for United States Senator from Massachusetts
(1996)
Candidate for Governor of New York
(2006)
4,489,233 (3.3%)
0 EV
1 EV for Ron Paul[lower-alpha 1]
[7]
2020
Jo Jorgensen
(campaign)
 South Carolina Academic
Nominee for Vice President of the United States
(1996)

Spike Cohen
 South Carolina Podcaster and businessman 1,865,724 (1.2%)
0 EV
[8]

Presidential ballot access

  1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016[9][10] 2020[11]
States 2 32 (and DC) 50 (and DC) 38 (and DC) 46 (and DC) 50 (and DC) 50 (and DC) 50 (and DC) 48 (and DC) 45 48 (and DC) 50 (and DC) 50 (and DC)
Electoral votes 16 341 538 403 496 538 538 538 527 503 514 538 538
% of population (EVs) - - 100%
(100%)
- - 100%
(100%)
100%
(100%)
100%
(100%)
- 95%
(93%)
95%
(96%)
100%
(100%)
100%
(100%)
Alabama Not on ballot On ballot
Alaska Not on ballot On ballot
Arizona Not on ballot On ballot
Arkansas Not on ballot On ballot
California (Write-in) On ballot
Colorado On ballot
Connecticut Not on ballot On ballot Not on ballot On ballot Not on ballot On ballot
Delaware Not on ballot On ballot
Florida Not on ballot (Write-in) On ballot (Write-in) On ballot
Georgia Not on ballot (Write-in) On ballot (Write-in) On ballot
Hawaii Not on ballot On ballot
Idaho Not on ballot On ballot
Illinois Not on ballot On ballot
Indiana Not on ballot On ballot Not on ballot On ballot
Iowa Not on ballot On ballot
Kansas Not on ballot On ballot
Kentucky Not on ballot On ballot Not on ballot On ballot
Louisiana Not on ballot On ballot Not on ballot On ballot
Maine (Write-in) On ballot Not on ballot On ballot (Write-in) On ballot
Maryland Not on ballot On ballot
Massachusetts (Write-in) On ballot Not on ballot On ballot
Michigan Not on ballot On ballot (Write-in) On ballot
Minnesota Not on ballot On ballot
Mississippi Not on ballot On ballot
Missouri Not on ballot On ballot Not on ballot (Write-in) On ballot
Montana Not on ballot On ballot
Nebraska Not on ballot On ballot
Nevada Not on ballot On ballot
New Hampshire Not on ballot On ballot (Write-in) On ballot
New Jersey Not on ballot On ballot
New Mexico Not on ballot On ballot
New York Not on ballot On ballot
North Carolina Not on ballot On ballot (Write-in) On ballot
North Dakota Not on ballot On ballot
Ohio Not on ballot On ballot
Oklahoma Not on ballot On ballot Not on ballot On ballot
Oregon Not on ballot On ballot Not on ballot On ballot
Pennsylvania Not on ballot On ballot
Rhode Island (Write-in) On ballot
South Carolina Not on ballot On ballot
South Dakota Not on ballot On ballot Not on ballot On ballot
Tennessee Not on ballot On ballot
Texas Not on ballot (Write-in) On ballot Not on ballot On ballot
Utah Not on ballot On ballot
Vermont Not on ballot (Write-in) On ballot
Virginia Not on ballot On ballot Not on ballot On ballot
Washington On ballot
West Virginia Not on ballot On ballot Not on ballot On ballot Not on ballot On ballot
Wisconsin Not on ballot On ballot
Wyoming Not on ballot (Write-in) On ballot
District of Columbia Not on ballot On ballot Not on ballot On ballot

Presidential and vice presidential nominations

Candidates seeking to win the Libertarian Party nominations either for president or vice president must gather thirty "tokens", or supporting delegates, and their votes in order to be put onto the actual nominating ballot. However, that still does not prevent write-in votes when the balloting is being held.

1996
1996 Libertarian presidential nomination vote 1996 Libertarian vice presidential nomination vote[12]
Candidates1st ballotCandidates1st ballot
Harry Browne416Jo Jorgensen459
Rick Tompkins74None36
None60
Irwin Schiff32
Doug Ohmen20
Scatter3
Total vote605Total vote495
Needed to nominate303Needed to nominate248

Note: Jo Jorgensen was nominated by a voice vote.

2000
2000 Libertarian presidential nomination vote 2000 Libertarian vice presidential nomination vote [13]
Candidates1st ballotCandidates1st ballot2nd ballot
Harry Browne493Art Olivier333418
Don Gorman166Steve Kubby303338
Jacob G. Hornberger120Ken Krawchuk70-
Barry Hess53Don Gorman29-
None23None10-
Dave Hollist8Gail Lightfoot7-
Scatter6Scatter7-
L. Neil Smith5
Richard B. Boddie2
George W. Bush1
Russell Means1
Total vote877Total vote759756
Needed to nominate439Needed to nominate380379
2004
2004 Libertarian presidential nomination vote 2004 Libertarian vice presidential nomination vote[14]
CandidatesToken count1st ballot2nd ballot3rd ballotCandidatesToken count1st ballot
Michael Badnarik89256249423Richard Campagna40353
Aaron Russo63258285344Tamara Millay40220
Gary Nolan107246244-Garrett Hayes4036
None-10511None-10
Jeffrey Diket724--Scott Jameson397
Drew Carey-3--
Dave Hollist391--
Jim Burns72---
Total vote513778783778Total vote159626
Needed to nominate30390392390Needed to nominate30314

Note: Jim Burns withdrew himself from consideration four hours before the balloting for the presidential nomination began.

Detailed map on the 1st ballot for the 2004 presidential nomination by individual state delegations
Detailed map on the 2nd ballot for the 2004 presidential nomination by individual state delegations
Detailed map on the 3rd and final ballot for the 2004 presidential nomination by individual state delegations
Detailed map on the 1st and only ballot for the 2004 vice presidential nomination by individual state delegations
2008
2008 Libertarian presidential nomination vote 2008 Libertarian vice presidential nomination vote[1]
CandidatesToken count1st ballot2nd ballot3rd ballot4th ballot5th ballot6th BallotCandidates1st ballot2nd ballot
Bob Barr94153188186202229324Wayne Allyn Root276289
Mary Ruwart94152162186202223276Steve Kubby209259
Wayne Allyn Root94123138146149165-Dan Williams4010
Mike Gravel6771737876--Jim Burns20-
George Phillies62493631---Gail Lightfoot15-
Steve Kubby604132----Leonard Schwartz1-
Michael Jingozian63231----None26
Christine Smith366-----Mary Ruwart11
None-2123626Mike Ferguson11
Ron Paul-631--1Richard-1
Penn Jillette-3-----
William Koehler-1-----
Daniel Imperato-1-----
Jesse Ventura--1----
Stephen Kolbert--1----
Ralph Nader------1
Total vote?631636630632623628Total vote565567
Needed to nominate30316319316317312315Needed to nominate283284
Detailed map on the 1st ballot for the 2008 presidential nomination by individual state delegations
Detailed map on the 2nd ballot for the 2008 presidential nomination by individual state delegations
Detailed map on the 3rd ballot for the 2008 presidential nomination by individual state delegations
Detailed map on the 4th ballot for the 2008 presidential nomination by individual state delegations
Detailed map on the 5th ballot for the 2008 presidential nomination by individual state delegations
Detailed map on the 6th and final ballot for the 2008 presidential nomination by individual state delegations
Detailed map on the 1st ballot for the 2008 vice presidential nomination by individual state delegations
Detailed map on the 2nd and final ballot for the 2008 vice presidential nomination by individual state delegations
2012
2012 Libertarian presidential nomination vote 2012 Libertarian vice presidential nomination vote[3]
CandidatesToken count1st ballotCandidatesToken count1st ballot
Gary Johnson264419Jim Gray242357
R. Lee Wrights127152R. Lee Wrights120229
Jim Burns3512None-7
Carl Person313Jim Burns316
Sam Sloan122Sam Sloan101
Max Abramson-2Gary Johnson6-
Ron Paul11Carl Person3-
Wayne Allyn Root-1Pat Dixon2-
Rita Nunez Neumann4-Rita Nunez Neumann2-
James Ogle2-James Ogle2-
Jim Duensing1-Wayne Allyn Root2-
Roger Gary1-Roger Gary1-
James P. Gray1-Lenore Hawkins1-
Lori Sunthonchart1-Jim Jones1-
Joy Waymire1-Steve Mankowski1-
John Monds1-
Bill Redpath1-
Joy Waymire1-
Total vote481595Total vote427600
Needed to nominate30298Needed to nominate30301
Detailed map on the 2012 vote for the presidential nomination by individual state delegations
Detailed map on the 2012 vote for the vice presidential nomination by individual state delegations
2016
2016 Libertarian presidential nomination vote 2016 Libertarian vice presidential nomination vote[15]
CandidatesToken count1st ballotCandidatesToken count1st ballot
Gary Johnson458518Bill Weld426441
Austin Petersen197203Larry Sharpe264409
John McAfee131131None612
Darryl Perry6352Derrick Grayson489
Marc A. Feldman5818Mary Ruwart1
None52Alicia Dearn29
Kevin McCormick91Daniel Hogan1
Derrick Grayson11Austin Petersen1
Michael Shannon1Gary Johnson1
Rhett Smith1
Ron Paul1
Vermin Supreme1
Heidi Zemen1
Total Vote925928Total Vote869872
Needed to Nominate30465Needed to Nominate30437
Map of the 2016 vote for the presidential nomination. First place by delegate votes.
2020
2020 Libertarian presidential nomination vote[16] 2020 Libertarian vice presidential nomination vote[17]
CandidatesToken count1st ballot2nd ballot3rd ballot4th ballotCandidatesToken count1st ballot2nd ballot3rd ballot
Jo Jorgensen193248339390524Spike Cohen302416474533
Jacob Hornberger218236257264285John Monds296322432472
Vermin Supreme103171184188206Ken Armstrong115180961
John Monds951471691741Adam Kokesh698743
Jim Gray899864None71210
Adam Kokesh5877611John McAfee63
None8674Nicholas Sarwark203
Nicholas Sarwark65111Justin Amash11
Sorinne Ardeleanu921Sorinne Ardeleanu111
John Ammens1Julian Assange11
Ryan Graham1Rhett Boogie1
Godzilla1Michael Cordova1
Laura Ebke1Laura Ebke1
Justin Amash27171Michael Kalagias1
Darryl Perry1Ron Paul211
Arvin Vohra273Edward Snowden12
Edward Snowden2Chris Spangle2
Rhett Boogie1Vermin Supreme71
Lincoln Chafee1Larry Sharpe21
John Stossel1Zoltan Istvan7
Dan Behrman18Jim Gray6
Sam Robb14Sam Robb5
Kim Ruff11Tulsi Gabbard2
Spike Cohen7Michael Heise2
Larry Sharpe4
Total Vote8791,0171,0281,2061,026Total Vote8741,0241,0251,022
Needed to Nominate30509515514514Needed to Nominate30513513512
Map of the first ballot for the 2020 presidential nomination by first place in state delegations.
  Jo Jorgensen (18)
  Jacob Hornberger (11)
  John Monds (6)
  Vermin Supreme (4)
  Jim Gray (3)
  Justin Amash (1)
  Tie (8)
Map of the second ballot for the 2020 presidential nomination by first place in state delegations.
  Jo Jorgensen (23)
  Jacob Hornberger (10)
  John Monds (7)
  Vermin Supreme (3)
  Jim Gray (2)
  Tie (6)
Map of the third ballot for the 2020 presidential nomination by first place in state delegations.
  Jo Jorgensen (30)
  Jacob Hornberger (10)
  John Monds (4)
  Vermin Supreme (1)
  Tie (6)
Map of the fourth and final ballot for the 2020 presidential nomination by first place in state delegations.
  Jo Jorgensen (39)
  Jacob Hornberger (9)
  Vermin Supreme (2)
  Tie (1)

Class I seats

Arizona Libertarian Party Senate Class I candidates
Year Nominee # votes % votes Place Notes
1976 Allan Norwitz 7,310
0.99 / 100
4th of 5 [18]
1982 Randall Clamons 20,100
2.78 / 100
3rd of 3 [19]
1988 Rick Tompkins 20,849
1.79 / 100
3rd of 4 [20]
1994 Scott Grainger 75,493
6.75 / 100
3rd of 3 [21]
2000 Barry Hess 70,724
5.06 / 100
4th of 4 [22]
2006 Richard Mack 48,231
3.16 / 100
3rd of 3 [23]
2012 Marc Victor 102,109
4.55 / 100
3rd of 3 [24]
California Libertarian Party Senate Class I candidates
Year Nominee # votes % votes Place Notes
1976 Lynn Kinsky 907 (W/I)
0.01 / 100
6th of 9 [25]
1982 Joseph Fuhrig 107,720
1.38 / 100
3rd of 5 [26]
1988 Jack Dean 79,997
0.82 / 100
4th of 5 [27]
1992 SE Richard B. Boddie 247,799
2.30 / 100
5th of 5 [28]
1994 Richard B. Boddie 179,100
2.10 / 100
4th of 5 [29]
2000 Gail K. Lightfoot 187,718
1.77 / 100
4th of 5 [30]
2006 Michael Metti 133,851
1.57 / 100
4th of 6 [31]
2012 BP Gail K. Lightfoot 101,648
2.09 / 100
9th of 24 [32]
2018 BP Derrick M. Reid 59,999
0.90 / 100
15th of 32 [33]
Connecticut Libertarian Party Senate Class I candidates
Year Nominee # votes % votes Place Notes
1982 James A. Lewis 8,163
0.75 / 100
4th of 4 [34]
1988 Howard A. Grayson Jr. 12,409
0.90 / 100
3rd of 4 [35]
2000 Wildey J. Moore 8,773
0.67 / 100
4th of 4 [36]
2012 Paul Passarelli 25,045
1.66 / 100
3rd of 3 [37]
2018 Richard Lion 8,838
0.64 / 100
3rd of 3 [38]
Massachusetts Libertarian Party Senate Class I candidates
Year Nominee # votes % votes Place Notes
1982 Howard S. Katz 18,878
0.92 / 100
3rd of 3 [39]
1988 Freda Lee Nason 13,199
0.51 / 100
4th of 4 [40]
1994 Lauraleigh Dozier 14,484
0.66 / 100
3rd of 4 [41]
2000 Carla Howell 308,748
11.88 / 100
3rd of 6 [42]
2010 SE Joseph L. Kennedy 22,388
0.99 / 100
3rd of 3 [43]
Montana Libertarian Party Senate Class I candidates
Year Nominee # votes % votes Place Notes
1982 Larry Dodge 12,412
3.87 / 100
3rd of 3 [44]
Nevada Libertarian Party Senate Class I candidates
Year Nominee # votes % votes Place Notes
1976 Dan Becan 2,307
1.14 / 100
5th of 5 [45]
1988 James Frye 5,523
1.58 / 100
4th of 4 [46]
1994 Bob Days 5,964
1.57 / 100
5th of 6 [47]
2000 J. J. Johnson 5,395
0.90 / 100
5th of 7 [48]
2006 Brenda Trainer 5,269
0.90 / 100
5th of 5 [49]
New Mexico Libertarian Party Senate Class I candidates
Year Nominee # votes % votes Place Notes
2018 Gary Johnson 107,201
15.38 / 100
3rd of 3
Texas Libertarian Party Senate Class I candidates
Year Nominee # votes % votes Place Notes
1982 John E. Ford 23,494
0.76 / 100
3rd of 4  
1988 Jeff Daiell 44,572
0.8 / 100
3rd of 3  
1994 Pierre Blondeau 36,107
0.84 / 100
3rd of 3  
2000 Mary J. Ruwart 72,657
1.2 / 100
4th of 4  
2006 Scott L. Jameson 97,672
2.26 / 100
3rd of 3  
2012 John J. Myers 162,354
2.06 / 100
3rd of 4  
2018 Neal Dikeman 65,470
0.78 / 100
3rd of 3  

Class II seats

Alaska Libertarian Party Senate Class II candidates
Year Nominee # votes % votes Place Notes
2002 Leonard J. Karpinski 2,354
1.03 / 100
5th of 5 [50]
2008 Fredrick D. Haase 2,483
0.78 / 100
4th of 5 [51]
2014 Mark Fish 10,512
3.72 / 100
3rd of 4
Arkansas Libertarian Party Senate Class II candidates
Year Nominee # votes % votes Place Notes
2014 Nathan LaFrance 17,210
2.03 / 100
3rd of 4 [52]
2020 Ricky Dale Harrington Jr. 399,390
33.47 / 100
2nd of 2 [53]
Kansas Libertarian Party Senate Class II candidates
Year Nominee # votes % votes Place Notes
1984 Douglas N. Merritt 6,755
0.68 / 100
5th of 6 [54]
1996 Steven Rosile 13,098
1.25 / 100
4th of 4 [54]
2002 Steven Rosile 70,725
9.10 / 100
2nd of 3 [55]
2008 Randall L. Hodgkinson 25,727
2.13 / 100
3rd of 4 [56]
2014 Randall Batson 37,469
4.32 / 100
3rd of 3 [57]
2020 Jason Buckley 68,263
4.99 / 100
3rd of 3 [58]
Massachusetts Libertarian Party Senate Class II candidates
Year Nominee # votes % votes Place Notes
2002 Michael Cloud 369,807
18.43 / 100
2nd of 2 [59]
2008 Robert J. Underwood 93,713
3.13 / 100
3rd of 3 [60]
Texas Libertarian Party Senate Class II candidates
Year Nominee # votes % votes Place Notes
1990 Gary Johnson 89,089
2.4 / 100
3rd of 3 [61]
1996 Michael Bird 51,516
0.9 / 100
3rd of 4 [62]
2002 Scott Jameson 35,538
0.8 / 100
3rd of 4 [63]
2008 Yvonne Adams Schick 185,241
2.34 / 100
3rd of 3  
2014 Rebecca Paddock 133,751
2.88 / 100
3rd of 4 [64]

Class III seats

Alaska Libertarian Party Senate Class III candidates
Year Nominee # votes % votes Place Notes
1986 BP Chuck House 4,265
2.94 / 100
3rd of 7 [65]
1986 Chuck House 3,161
1.75 / 100
3rd of 3 [66]
1998 BP Scott A. Kohlhaas 1,987
1.86 / 100
6th of 6 [67]
1998 Scott A. Kohlhaas 5,046
2.28 / 100
4th of 4 [68]
2004 BP Scott A. Kohlhaas 402
0.86 / 100
6th of 7 [69]
2004 Scott A. Kohlhaas 1,240
0.40 / 100
6th of 7 [70]
2010 BP Fredrick D. Haase 5,793
16.11 / 100
2nd of 4 [71]
2010 Fredrick D. Haase 1,459
0.57 / 100
4th of 6 [72]
2016 Joe Miller 85,833
29.36 / 100
2nd of 4 [73]
California Libertarian Party Senate Class III candidates
Year Nominee # votes % votes Place Notes
1974 Bill White 791 (W/I)
0.01 / 100
5th of 9 [74]
1980 David Bergland 202,481
2.43 / 100
3rd of 5 [75]
1986 Breck McKinley 66,261
0.90 / 100
4th of 5 [76]
1992 June R. Genis 235,919
2.18 / 100
5th of 5 [77]
1998 Ted Brown 93,959
1.13 / 100
3rd of 7 [78]
2004 Jim Gray 216,522
1.80 / 100
4th of 5 [79]
2010 Gail K. Lightfoot 175,242
1.75 / 100
3rd of 6 [80]
Indiana Libertarian Party Senate Class III candidates
Year Nominee # votes % votes Place Notes
1986 Bradford Warren 8,314
0.54 / 100
3rd of 4 [81]
1992 Steve Dillon 35,733
1.62 / 100
3rd of 4 [82]
1998 Rebecca Sink-Burris 23,641
1.49 / 100
3rd of 3 [83]
2004 Albert Barger 27,344
1.13 / 100
3rd of 3 [84]
2010 Rebecca Sink-Burris 94,330
5.39 / 100
3rd of 3 [85]
2016 Lucy Brenton 149,481
5.47 / 100
3rd of 4 [86]
Nevada Libertarian Party Senate Class III candidates
Year Nominee # votes % votes Place Notes
1980 Allen Hacker 6,920
2.81 / 100
3rd of 4 [87]
1986 H. Kent Cromwell 4,899
1.87 / 100
4th of 4 [88]
1992 H. Kent Cromwell 7,222
1.46 / 100
6th of 7 [89]
1998 Michael Cloud 8,044
1.85 / 100
4th of 5 [90]
2004 Tom Hurst 9,559
1.18 / 100
4th of 6 [91]

House of Representatives

In April 2020, Representative Justin Amash from Michigan's 3rd congressional district became the first Libertarian member of Congress, after switching from the Republican Party and spending time as an independent. However, Amash has never been elected as a Libertarian, and is not seeking re-election in 2020.[92]

Overall summary

Libertarian Party U.S. House of Representatives elections
Year Contests # votes % votes Seats won Notes
1972 1 2,028
0.00 / 100
0 [93]
1974 1 3,099
0.01 / 100
0
1976 37 71,791
0.10 / 100
0
1978 20 64,310
0.12 / 100
0
1980 112 568,131
0.73 / 100
0
1982 148 462,767
0.72 / 100
0
1984 97 275,865
0.33 / 100
0
1986 47 121,076
0.20 / 100
0
1988 90 445,708
0.56 / 100
0
1990 47 396,131
0.64 / 100
0
1992 111 848,614
0.87 / 100
0
1994 76 415,944
0.59 / 100
0
1996 157 651,448
0.72 / 100
0
1998 129 880,024
1.20 / 100
0
2000 132 1,610,292
1.63 / 100
0
2004 214 1,050,766
0.93 / 100
0
2006 116 656,794
0.81 / 100
0
2008 125 1,083,096
0.88 / 100
0
2010 158 1,010,891
1.16 / 100
0
2012 136 1,366,338
1.12 / 100
0
2014 121 954,077
1.22 / 100
0
2016 119 1,661,199
1.29 / 100
0
2018 98 758,942
0.67 / 100
0
2020 119 0

Alaska

Alaska Libertarian Party House of Representatives candidates
Year District Nominee # votes % votes Place Notes
1986 At-large Betty Breck 4,182
2.32 / 100
3rd of 3 [94]
2000 At-large Len Karpinski 4,802
1.75 / 100
5th of 5
2002 At-large Rob Clift 3,797
1.67 / 100
4th of 4 [95]
2004 At-large Alvin Anders 7,157
2.39 / 100
4th of 4 [96]
2006 At-large Alexander Crawford 4,029
1.72 / 100
3rd of 5 [97]
2012 At-large Jim McDermott 15,028
5.19 / 100
3rd of 4 [98]
2014 At-large Jim McDermott 21,290
7.61 / 100
3rd of 3 [99]
2016 At-large Jim McDermott 31,770
10.31 / 100
3rd of 4 [100]

Nevada

Nevada Libertarian Party House of Representatives candidates
Year District Nominee # votes % votes Place Notes
1976 At-large Jim Burns 2,825
1.41 / 100
5th of 5 [101]
1978 At-large Linda West 6,029
3.16 / 100
4th of 4 [102]
1980 At-large Harry Joe Mangrum 7,759
3.17 / 100
4th of 4 [103]
1984 1st Joe Morris 1,885
1.44 / 100
3rd of 3 [104]
1986 1st Gordon M. Morris 2,145
1.88 / 100
3rd of 3 [105]
1988 1st Patrick O'Neill 3,724
2.34 / 100
3rd of 3 [106]
1990 1st William Moore 5,825
4.23 / 100
3rd of 3 [107]
1992 1st Scott A. Kjar 8,993
4.06 / 100
3rd of 3 [108]
1994 1st Gary Wood 6,065
3.99 / 100
3rd of 3 [109]
1996 1st James Dan 3,341
1.94 / 100
4th of 5 [110]
1998 1st Jim Burns 5,292
3.29 / 100
3rd of 4 [111]
2000 1st Charles E. Schneider 4,011
1.75 / 100
3rd of 5 [112]
2004 1st Jim Duensing 5,862
2.90 / 100
3rd of 3 [113]
2006 1st Jim Duensing 2,843
2.17 / 100
3rd of 4 [114]
2008 1st Jim Duensing 4,528
1.98 / 100
4th of 4 [115]
2010 1st Edward G. Klapproth 2,118
1.27 / 100
4th of 4 [116]
2012 1st William Pojunis 4,645
2.59 / 100
3rd of 4 [117]

Washington

Washington Libertarian Party House of Representatives candidates
Year District Nominee # votes % votes Place Notes
2002 1st Mark Wilson 6,251
3.05 / 100
3rd of 3 [118]
2nd Bruce Guthrie 7,966
2.52 / 100
3rd of 4
5th Rob Chase 10,379
5.13 / 100
3rd of 3
6th John Bennett 8,744
4.45 / 100
3rd of 3
7th Stan Lippman 8,447
4.00 / 100
3rd of 3
8th Mark Taff 5,771
2.84 / 100
3rd of 3
9th J. Mills 4,759
2.91 / 100
3rd of 3
2004 1st Charles Moore 5,798
1.77 / 100
3rd of 3 [119]
2018 2nd Brian Luke 84,646
28.71 / 100
2nd of 2 [120]

State elections

Gubernatorial elections

Alaska Libertarian Party gubernatorial candidates
Year Nominee # votes % votes Place Notes
1982 Dick Randolph 29,067
14.92 / 100
3rd of 4 [121]
1986 BP Mary Jane O'Brannon 205
0.14 / 100
12th of 15 [122]
1986 Mary Jane O'Brannon 1,050
0.59 / 100
5th of 5 [123]
2002 Billy Toien 1,109
0.48 / 100
6th of 6 [124]
2006 Billy Toien 682
0.29 / 100
5th of 6 [125]
2010 Billy Toien 2,682
1.05 / 100
4th of 4 [126]
California Libertarian Party gubernatorial candidates
Year Nominee # votes % votes Place Notes
1974 John Hospers 1,950 (W/I)
0.03 / 100
5th of 13 [127]
1978 Ed Clark (*) 377,960
5.46 / 100
3rd of 5 [128]
1982 Dan P. Dougherty 81,076
1.03 / 100
3rd of 5 [129]
1986 Joseph Fuhrig 52,628
0.71 / 100
3rd of 5 [130]
1990 Dennis Thompson 145,628
1.89 / 100
3rd of 5 [131]
1994 Richard Rider 149,281
1.72 / 100
3rd of 5 [132]
1998 Steve Kubby 73,845
0.88 / 100
4th of 7 [133]
2002 Gary David Copeland 161,203
2.16 / 100
4th of 6 [134]
2003 RE Ned Roscoe 2,250
0.03 / 100
34th of 135 [135]
Ken Hamidi 1,948
0.02 / 100
40th of 135 [135]
John Hickey 1,689
0.02 / 100
48th of 135 [135]
2006 Art Olivier 114,329
1.32 / 100
4th of 6 [136]
2010 Dale Ogden 150,895
1.50 / 100
4th of 6 [137]
Iowa Libertarian Party gubernatorial candidates
Year Nominee # votes % votes Place Notes
1978 John Ball 3,947
0.47 / 100
3rd of 4 [138]
1982 Marcia Farrington 3,307
0.32 / 100
3rd of 4 [139]
1994 Carl Olsen 2,772
0.28 / 100
4th of 5 [140]
2002 Clyde Cleveland 13,098
1.28 / 100
4th of 4 [141]
2006 Kevin Litten 5,735
0.54 / 100
4th of 4 [142]
2010 Eric Cooper 14,398
1.27 / 100
4th of 6 [143]
2014 Lee Hieb 20,321
1.80 / 100
3rd of 5 [144]
2018 Jake Porter 21,426
1.61 / 100
3rd of 4 [145]
Nevada Libertarian Party gubernatorial candidates
Year Nominee # votes % votes Place Notes
1978 John W. Grayson Jr. 1,487
0.77 / 100
5th of 5 [146]
1982 Dan Becan 4,621
1.93 / 100
4th of 4 [147]
1986 Louis R. Tomburello 2,555
0.98 / 100
4th of 4 [148]
1990 James Frye 8,059
2.51 / 100
4th of 4 [149]
1994 Dennis Sholty 3,978
1.05 / 100
5th of 5 [150]
1998 Terry Savage 7,307
1.69 / 100
5th of 5 [151]
2002 Dick Geyer 8,104
1.61 / 100
4th of 7 [152]
2010 Arthur Forest Lampitt Jr. 4,672
0.65 / 100
6th of 8 [153]
New York Libertarian Party gubernatorial candidates
Year Nominee # votes % votes Place Notes
1974 Jerome Tuccille 10,503
0.20 / 100
4th of 8 [154]
1978 Gary Greenberg 18,990
0.40 / 100
4th of 7 [155]
1982 John H. Northrup 16,913
0.32 / 100
4th of 7 [156]
1990 W. Gary Johnson 24,611
0.61 / 100
6th of 7 [157]
1994 Robert L. Schulz 9,506
0.18 / 100
5th of 6 [158]
1998 Chris Garvey 4,722
0.10 / 100
9th of 10 [159]
2002 Scott Jeffrey 5,013
0.11 / 100
8th of 8 [160]
2006 John Clifton 14,736
0.33 / 100
4th of 6 [161]
2010 Warren Redlich 48,359
1.04 / 100
4th of 7 [162]

Notes

  1. Texas faithless elector Bill Greene cast his vote for Ron Paul, a member of the Libertarian Party.[6]

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