Gulf of Oman

The Gulf of Oman or Sea of Oman (Gulf of Makran or Sea of Makran) (Arabic: خليج عمان ، خلیج مکران‎ khalīj ʿumān , khalīj makrān; Persian: دریای عمان ، دریای مکران‎ daryâ-ye omân ,daryâ-ye makrān) is a gulf that connects the Arabian Sea with the Strait of Hormuz, which then runs to the Persian Gulf. It borders Iran and Pakistan on the north, Oman on the south, and the United Arab Emirates on the west And in some countries it is known as Makran Sea.

Gulf of Oman
Coordinates25°N 58°E
TypeSea
Part ofIndian Ocean
Basin countriesIran, Oman, Pakistan, and United Arab Emirates
Max. width340 km (210 mi)
Surface area181,000 km2 (70,000 sq mi)
Max. depth3,400 m (11,200 ft)
Gulf of Oman
Khor Fakkan, a city in the Emirate of Sharjah, has one of the major container ports in the eastern seaboard of the United Arab Emirates.
U.S. Navy, French Navy, and Italian Navy aircraft carriers conduct operations in the U.S. 5th Fleet area of responsibility in the Gulf of Oman.

Extent

The International Hydrographic Organization defines the limits of the Gulf of Oman as follows:[1]

  • On the Northwest: A line joining Ràs Limah (25°57'N) on the coast of Arabia and Ràs al Kuh (25°48'N) on the coast of Iran (Persia).
  • On the Southeast: The Northern limit of the Arabian Sea [A line joining Ràs al Hadd, East point of Arabia (22°32'N) and Ràs Jiyùni (61°43'E) on the coast of Pakistan].

Exclusive economic zone

Exclusive economic zones in Persian Gulf:[2][3][4][5][6][7]

Number Country Area (Km2)
1 Oman108,779
2 Iran65,850
3 United Arab Emirates4,371
4 Pakistan2,000
Total Persian Gulf181,000

Border and Basin countries

Coastline length:

  1.  Iran - 850 km Coastline
  2.  Oman - 750 km Coastline
  3.  United Arab Emirates - 50 km Coastline
  4.  Pakistan - 50 km Coastline

Alternative names
The western part of the Indian Ocean, by Vincenzo Maria Coronelli, 1693 from his system of global gores the Makran coast
Paths that Alexander the Great took
Further information: Makran, Makran Trench, Makran Division, Makran (princely state), and History of Oman § Late 19th and early 20th centuries

Gulf of Oman historically and geographically has been referred to with different names by Arabian, Iranian, Indian, Pakistani and European geographers and travelers, including Makran Sea and Akhzar Sea.[8][9]

  1. Makran Sea
  2. Akhzar Sea
  3. Persian Sea (Consist of whole of Persian gulf and gulf of Oman)

Until 18th Century it was known as Makran Sea and is also visible on historical maps and museums.

Major ports

International trade

The area is near the Strait of Hormuz, a strategic route through which a third of the world's liquefied natural gas and 20% of global oil consumption passes from Middle East producers.[10]

Ecology
Further information: Gulf of Oman desert and semi-desert and Persian Gulf § Wildlife

In 2018, scientists confirmed the Gulf of Oman contains one of the world's largest marine dead zones, where the ocean contains little or no oxygen and marine wildlife cannot exist. The dead zone encompasses nearly the entire 165,000-square-kilometre (63,700 sq mi) Gulf of Oman, equivalent to the size of Florida, United States of America. The cause is a combination of increased ocean warming and increased runoff of nitrogen and phosphorus from fertilizers.[11]

See also

References
  1. "Limits of Oceans and Seas, 3rd edition" (PDF). International Hydrographic Organization. 1953. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 October 2011. Retrieved 28 December 2020.
  2. "Sea Around Us | Fisheries, Ecosystems and Biodiversity". www.seaaroundus.org.
  3. "Sea Around Us | Fisheries, Ecosystems and Biodiversity". www.seaaroundus.org.
  4. "Sea Around Us | Fisheries, Ecosystems and Biodiversity". www.seaaroundus.org.
  5. "Sea Around Us | Fisheries, Ecosystems and Biodiversity". www.seaaroundus.org.
  6. "Sea Around Us | Fisheries, Ecosystems and Biodiversity". www.seaaroundus.org.
  7. "Sea Around Us | Fisheries, Ecosystems and Biodiversity". www.seaaroundus.org.
  8. "Makran Sea/Gulf of Oman|Mokran Sea or Gulf of Oman, Persian Gulf, Pars sea". www.persiangulfstudies.com.
  9. Nicolini, Beatrice (1 January 2004). Makran, Oman, and Zanzibar: Three-Terminal Cultural Corridor in the Western Indian Ocean, 1799-1856. BRILL. ISBN 9004137807 – via Google Books.
  10. "2 oil tankers were damaged in possible attacks in the Gulf of Oman". Vox. 13 June 2019.
  11. "Scientists Confirm Florida-Sized Dead Zone in the Gulf of Oman". Yale Environment 360. 30 April 2018. Retrieved 30 April 2018.

Further reading
  • "The Book of Duarte Barbosa" by Duarte Barbosa, Mansel Longworth Dames. 1989. p. 79. ISBN 81-206-0451-2
  • "The Natural History of Pliny". by Pliny, Henry Thomas Riley, John Bostock. 1855. p. 117
  • "The Countries and Tribes of the Persian Gulf" by Samuel Barrett Miles - 1966. p. 148
  • "The Life & Strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe of York, Mariner". by Daniel Defoe. 1895. p. 279
  • "The Outline of History: Being a Plain History of Life and Mankind". by Herbert George Well. 1920. p. 379.
  • "The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge" by Johann Jakob Herzog, Philip Schaff, Albert Hauck. 1910. p. 242
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