San Joaquin County, California

San Joaquin County (/ˌsæn hwɑːˈkn/), officially the County of San Joaquin is a county in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2010 census, the population was 685,306.[5] The county seat is Stockton.[7]

San Joaquin County, California
San Joaquin County
From top down: Downtown Stockton waterfront, Stanislaus River at Caswell Memorial State Park
Seal
Nickname(s): 
"Sanwa"[1]
Motto(s): 
"Greatness grows here."
Location of San Joaquin County in California
California's location in the United States
Country United States
State California
RegionSan Joaquin Valley
IncorporatedFebruary 18, 1850[2]
Named forSan Joaquin River, which was named for St. Joachim
County seatStockton
Largest cityStockton
Government
  County AdministratorMonica Nino[3]
Area
  Total1,426 sq mi (3,690 km2)
  Land1,391 sq mi (3,600 km2)
  Water35 sq mi (90 km2)
Highest elevation3,629 ft (1,106 m)
Population
  Total704,379
  Estimate 
(2019)[6]
762,148
  Density490/sq mi (190/km2)
Time zoneUTC−8 (Pacific Standard Time)
  Summer (DST)UTC−7 (Pacific Daylight Time)
Area code(s)209
FIPS code06-077
GNIS feature ID277303
Websitewww.sjgov.org

San Joaquin County comprises the StocktonLodiTracy metropolitan statistical area within the regional San JoseSan FranciscoOakland combined statistical area. The county is located in Northern California's Central Valley just east of the very highly populated nine-county San Francisco Bay Area region and is separated from the Bay Area by the Diablo Range of low mountains with its Altamont Pass. One of the smaller counties in area in California, it has a high population density and is growing rapidly due to overflow from the Bay area's need for housing.

The City of San Joaquin, despite sharing its name with the county, is located in Fresno County.

History

San Joaquin County was one of the original United States counties of California, created in 1850 at the time of statehood.

The county was named for the San Joaquin River which runs through it. In the early 19th century Lieutenant Gabriel Moraga, commanding an expedition in the lower great California Central Valley, gave the name of San Joaquin (meaning Joachim) to the San Joaquin River, which springs from the southern Sierra Nevada. San Joaquin County is the site of the San Joaquin Valley's first permanent residence.

Prior to incorporation in 1850, the area now encompassing San Joaquin County was inhabited by the Yokuts and Miwok native peoples. These communities lived in villages throughout the region, consuming diverse diets that reflected the flora and fauna of the California Delta. Acorns from Valley Oak trees, salmon runs on the San Joaquin, Mokelumne, Calaveras, and Stanislaus rivers, and Tule Elk were staples of the native diet, which was supplemented with various native berries and plants. The native population of San Joaquin County fell dramatically during a state-wide epidemic of malaria in 1828, and a subsequent rebellion of native peoples in the Central Valley, led by Chief Estanislao.

Between 1843 and 1846, during the era when California was a province of independent Mexico, five Mexican land grants were made in what would become San Joaquin County: Campo de los Franceses, Pescadero (Grimes), Pescadero (Pico), Sanjon de los Moquelumnes, and Thompson. The largest of these grants was the Rancho Campos de los Franceses, secured by Charles Weber and Guillermo Gulnac, which was eventually developed into the City of Stockton.

As the Gold Rush drew miners to the Sierra Nevada, Stockton grew into a major logistical and mercantile hub for the San Joaquin Valley and Mother Lode, which allowed for the City and County populations to rise significantly between 1850 and 1870. As the state's gold economy waned in the 1870s, San Joaquin County transitioned into a major national center of agriculture, which it remains to this day. Reclamation of the California delta, which began in 1869, strongly benefited this agricultural growth. The importance of agriculture to the region's economy led to the creation of a dynamic industrial engineering sector in Stockton, Lodi, and nearby Rio Vista in the 1880s. Notably, the Sperry Flour Company, Holt Manufacturing Company, the operation of R. G. LeTourneau, Samson Ironworks, and the canning empire of Tillie Lewis were firms of national and international significance. Holt Manufacturing, led by Benjamin Holt, would pioneer the industrial manufacturing and sales of the tractor, while R.G. LeTourneau patented the bulldozer in 1926.

Importance to railroads

The Central Pacific Railroad in the 1860s utilized San Joaquin County's exceptionally flat terrain to construct a rail line from Sacramento to Stockton and then southwest through Altamont Pass to the San Francisco Bay. In 1909, a second railroad, the Western Pacific, utilized the same route through Stockton to reach the Bay area. In the early 1900s, the Santa Fe Railroad constructed from Bakersfield and Fresno through Stockton north to reach Oakland. Smaller lines constructed at Stockton were the Tidewater Southern to Modesto and the Central California Traction to Sacramento. Both started as electrically powered. These railroads encouraged the growth of farms, orchards, and ranches in San Joaquin county and adjacent counties.[8]

Tracy tire fire

On August 7, 1998, a tire fire ignited at S.F. Royster's Tire Disposal just south of Tracy on South MacArthur Drive, near Linne Rd. The tire dump held over 7 million illegally stored tires and was allowed to burn for more than two years before it was extinguished. Allowing the fire to burn was considered to be a better way to avoid groundwater contamination than putting it out.[9] The cleanup cost $16.2 million and wound up contaminating local groundwater anyway.[10]

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,426 square miles (3,690 km2), of which 1,391 square miles (3,600 km2) is land and 35 square miles (91 km2) (2.5%) is water.[11] The county has a very low inland elevation and a very flat drainage basin for the San Joaquin River and its numerous tributaries. With the resulting exceptionally high water table, the county is a marshy and swampy delta with a tendency to flood in the Spring melting snow runoff from the Sierra Mountains.[12]

The center of San Joaquin County is near Stockton at about 37°54'N 121°12'W (37.9,-121.2).

National protected area

Demographics

2011

Places by population, race, and income

2010

Historical population
CensusPop.
18503,647
18609,435158.7%
187021,050123.1%
188024,34915.7%
189028,62917.6%
190035,45223.8%
191050,73143.1%
192079,90557.5%
1930102,94028.8%
1940134,20730.4%
1950200,75049.6%
1960249,98924.5%
1970290,20816.1%
1980347,34219.7%
1990480,62838.4%
2000563,59817.3%
2010685,30621.6%
2019 (est.)762,148[6]11.2%
U.S. Decennial Census[20]
1790–1960[21] 1900–1990[22]
1990–2000[23] 2010–2015[5]

The 2010 United States Census reported that San Joaquin County had a population of 685,306. The racial makeup of San Joaquin County was 349,287 (51.0%) White, 51,744 (7.6%) African American, 7,196 (1.1%) Native American, 98,472 (14.4%) Asian, 3,758 (0.5%) Pacific Islander, 131,054 (19.1%) from other races, and 43,795 (6.4%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 266,341 persons (38.9%).[24] The Filipino American population was 46,447, just under half (47%) of all Asian Americans in San Joaquin County,[25] and as of 1990 have been the largest population of Asian Americans in the county.[26]

2000

As of the census[27] of 2000, there were 563,598 people, 181,629 households, and 134,768 families residing in the county. The population density was 403 people per square mile (156/km2). There were 189,160 housing units at an average density of 135 per square mile (52/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 58.1% White, 6.7% Black or African American, 1.1% Native American, 11.4% Asian, 0.4% Pacific Islander, 16.3% from other races, and 6.1% from two or more races. 30.5% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 9.3% were of German, 5.3% Irish and 5.0% English ancestry according to Census 2000. 66.4% spoke English, 21.3% Spanish, 2.2% Tagalog, 1.8% Mon-Khmer or Cambodian, 1.1% Vietnamese and 1.1% Hmong as their first language.

There were 181,629 households, out of which 40.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.3% were married couples living together, 14.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.8% were non-families. 20.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.00 and the average family size was 3.48.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 31.0% under the age of 18, 10.0% from 18 to 24, 28.8% from 25 to 44, 19.6% from 45 to 64, and 10.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females there were 99.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.2 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $41,282, and the median income for a family was $46,919. Males had a median income of $39,246 versus $27,507 for females. The per capita income for the county was $17,365. About 13.5% of families and 17.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.7% of those under age 18 and 10.0% of those age 65 or over.

Metropolitan statistical area

The United States Office of Management and Budget has designated San Joaquin County as the Stockton–Lodi, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area.[28] The United States Census Bureau ranked the Stockton–Lodi, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area as the 76th most populous metropolitan statistical area of the United States as of July 1, 2012.[29]

The Office of Management and Budget has further designated the Stockton–Lodi, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area as a component of the more extensive San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, CA Combined Statistical Area,[28] the 5th most populous combined statistical area and primary statistical area of the United States as of July 1, 2012.[29][30]

Government and policing

County Government

The Government of San Joaquin County is defined and authorized under the California Constitution and California law as a general law county.[31] Much of the Government of California is in practice the responsibility of county governments, such as the Government of San Joaquin County. The County government provides countywide services such as elections and voter registration, law enforcement, jails, vital records, property records, tax collection, public health, and social services. In addition the County serves as the local government for all unincorporated areas.[32] Some chartered cities such as Stockton and Tracy provide their own municipal services such as police, public safety, libraries, parks and recreation, and zoning. Some other cities arrange to have the County provide some or all of these services on a contract basis.

The County government is composed of the elected five-member four-year-term board of supervisors (BOS), which operates in a legislative, executive, and quasi-judicial capacity; several other elected offices including the Sheriff, District Attorney, and Assessor; and numerous county departments and entities under the supervision of the county administrator.[33]

As of January 2019, the supervisors are:

  • Miguel Villapudua (District 1 and Chair),
  • Katherine Miller (District 2),
  • Tom Patti (District 3 and Vice Chair),
  • Charles Winn (District 4), and
  • Bob Elliott (District 5).[34]

In addition, several entities of the government of California have jurisdiction conterminous with San Joaquin County, such as the San Joaquin County Superior Court, and the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation operates the Deuel Vocational Institution a state prison in unincorporated San Joaquin County near Tracy.[35][36]

Policing

The San Joaquin County sheriff provides court protection and jail administration for the entire county. It provides patrol and detective services for the unincorporated areas of the county. Lathrop contracts with the Sheriff for its police services. Municipalities within the county that have municipal police departments are: Stockton, 310,000; Tracy, 89,000; Manteca, 77,000; Lodi, 65,000; Lathrop, 23,000 (sheriff contract); Ripon, 17,000; Escalon, 7,200,

Politics

Voter registration

Cities by population and voter registration

Overview

In the United States House of Representatives, San Joaquin County is split between California's 9th and 10th congressional districts,[38] represented by Jerry McNerney (DStockton) and Josh Harder (DTurlock), respectively.[39]

In the California State Assembly, San Joaquin County is split between 3 legislative districts:[40]

In the California State Senate, San Joaquin County is in the 5th Senate District, represented by Democrat Susan Eggman.[41]

On November 4, 2008, San Joaquin County voted 65.5% for Proposition 8 which amended the California Constitution to ban same-sex marriages.[42]

For most of its history, San Joaquin County has been a Republican-leaning swing county, voting for the national winner in all but 4 presidential elections (1884, 1948, 1960, 1976) from 1880 to 2012. In 2016, Hillary Clinton became the first Democratic Party candidate who lost nationally to win the county, and she did so by a sizable margin of around 14 points. On the other hand Donald Trump, posted the worst result in the county in history by a national Republican Party electoral college winner, being held to under 40% of the vote.

Presidential election results
San Joaquin County vote
by party in presidential elections
[43]
Year GOP DEM Others
2020 41.7% 121,098 55.6% 161,137 2.6% 7,546
2016 39.1% 88,936 53.3% 121,124 7.4% 16,942
2012 41.9% 86,071 55.5% 114,121 2.5% 5,172
2008 43.5% 91,607 54.1% 113,974 2.2% 4,727
2004 53.1% 100,978 45.8% 87,012 0.9% 1,874
2000 48.9% 81,773 47.7% 79,776 3.4% 5,690
1996 44.8% 65,131 46.3% 67,253 8.7% 12,756
1992 37.8% 58,355 41.2% 63,655 20.8% 32,200
1988 54.3% 75,309 44.5% 61,699 1.0% 1,445
1984 59.6% 81,795 39.2% 53,846 1.1% 1,572
1980 55.3% 64,718 35.5% 41,551 9.0% 10,594
1976 49.6% 50,277 48.0% 48,733 2.3% 2,351
1972 55.3% 61,646 39.5% 44,062 5.1% 5,761
1968 47.9% 47,293 42.6% 42,073 9.3% 9,223
1964 38.1% 36,546 61.7% 59,210 0.0% 83
1960 52.8% 48,441 46.7% 42,855 0.3% 361
1956 54.5% 44,491 45.2% 36,941 0.2% 168
1952 55.8% 45,512 43.4% 35,432 0.7% 587
1948 49.0%29,135 47.0% 27,908 3.9% 2,318
1944 47.2% 24,357 52.4% 27,074 0.3% 157
1940 46.3% 23,403 52.5% 26,536 1.1% 559
1936 25.6% 10,172 73.2% 29,078 1.1% 473
1932 32.1% 11,145 63.3% 21,929 4.4% 1,552
1928 61.1% 16,695 37.8% 10,343 1.0% 288
1924 48.9% 11,056 10.6% 2,397 40.4% 9,154
1920 60.9% 12,003 32.9% 6,487 6.1% 1,208
1916 38.0% 7,861 55.4% 11,454 6.5% 1,346
1912 0.2% 35 58.0% 7,969 41.7% 5,735
1908 52.2% 4,470 38.9% 3,331 8.9% 763
1904 61.6% 4,498 31.4% 2,293 6.9% 505
1900 52.0% 3,318 45.0% 2,873 2.9% 188
1896 48.8% 3,500 48.8% 3,500 2.3% 167
1892 42.0% 2,958 44.1% 3,106 13.7% 965
1888 47.3% 2,829 47.1% 2,822 5.5% 330
1884 50.3% 3,079 47.3% 2,898 2.3% 142
1880 51.5% 2,568 48.3% 2,409 0.1% 8

Crime

County crime

Number of incidents reported and crime rate per 1,000 persons for each type:

Cities crime

Economy

DeRuosi Nut Headquarters

Agriculture

As of 2018, the gross value of agricultural production in the county was $2.6 billion.[47] The top product was almonds, followed by grapes, milk, and walnuts.[47]

San Joaquin County is home to one of the largest walnut processing facilities in the world, DeRuosi Nut. Another large company; Pacific State Bancorp (PSBC) was based here but was closed by the California Department of Financial Institutions on August 20, 2010.[48]

Business and Industry

San Joaquin County is home to several large manufacturing, general services, and agricultural companies, including Archer Daniels Midland, Blue Shield of California, Dart Container, Holz Rubber Company, Kubota Tractors, Lodi Iron Works, Miller Packing Company, Pacific Coast Producers, Tiger Lines, Valley Industries, and Woodbridge-Robert Mondavi.[23][49]

As of 2019, about 260,000 people were employed in the county, with nearly 200,000 employed in private industry and about 44,500 employed for government.[50]

As of 2013, the goods movement industry is also an important part of the local economy, with an Amazon fulfillment center in Tracy and the Port of Stockton.[51]

Education

San Joaquin County is home to 14 public school districts and numerous private schools.

District Name Enrollment Lang Arts Performance Math Performance
Escalon Unified 3,140 49.4% 46.0%
Lincoln Unified 8,712 50.9% 51.3%
Linden Unified 2,758 44.4% 45.9%
Lodi Unified 31,266 38.0% 43.1%
Manteca Unified 23,643 42.7% 42.4%
Ripon Unified 3,014 58.3% 60.3%
Stockton Unified 38,617 29.1% 38.2%
Tracy Unified 17,375 44.3% 41.2%
  Averages for all Districts[52] 45.5% 48.5%

On June 8, 2010 Lammersville Unified School District was approved in Mountain House.[53]

The San Joaquin Delta Community College District is composed of San Joaquin Delta College located in Stockton and covers San Joaquin County as well as Rio Vista in Solano County, Galt in Sacramento County, and a large portion of Calaveras County.

A private university, the University of the Pacific, has its main campus in Stockton.

Media

San Joaquin County is in the Sacramento television market, and thus receives Sacramento media.

The Record, The Manteca Bulletin, and The Lodi News-Sentinel are daily newspapers. Bilingual Weekly News publishes a weekly newspaper in both Spanish and English. Tracy Press also publishes a weekly newspaper.

Big Monkey Group publishes four Stockton magazines: Weston Ranch Monthly, Brookside Monthly, Spanos Park Monthly and On the Mile. Caravan is a local community arts and events monthly tabloid. The Central Valley Business Journal is a monthly business tabloid. Karima Magazine is a popular/consumer magazine covering the Central Valley as well as newsworthy events in the Bay Area. San Joaquin Magazine is a regional lifestyle magazine covering Stockton, Lodi, Tracy, and Manteca. The Downtowner is a free monthly guide to downtown Stockton's events, commerce, real estate, and other cultural and community happenings.

Poets' Espresso Review is a periodical that has been based in Stockton, mostly distributed by mail, since summer of 2005. Artifact is a San Joaquin Delta College periodical based in Stockton since December 2006, featuring writing in all genres, photography, and visual media by students, staff and faculty as well as community members. The Pacifican, University of the Pacific's newspaper since 1908 features News, Opinion, Lifestyles, and Sports pertinent to the Pacific campus and surrounding Stockton community.

The television show Sons of Anarchy was set in Charming, California, a fictional town in San Joaquin County. Several scenes throughout the series take place in Stockton.

Transportation

Major highways

Public transportation

San Joaquin Regional Transit District provides city bus service within Stockton. RTD also runs intercity routes throughout the county, and subscription commuter routes to Livermore, Pleasanton, Sacramento, and Santa Clara County.

The cities of Lodi, Escalon, Manteca, Tracy and Ripon operate their own bus systems.

Train and bus service

San Joaquin County
Rail Stations
Amtrak San Joaquin to Sacramento
Valley Rail to Natomas/SAC (2023)
Lodi
Lodi
(2023)
Stockton
Stockton-San Joaquin Street
North Lathrop
(2023)
Valley Link
(planned)
Valley Link
(planned)
River Islands
Tracy Transit Center
Mountain House
Altamont Corridor
Vision (2023)
Lathrop/Manteca
Manteca Transit Center
Ripon
Tracy

Greyhound buses and Amtrak trains both stop in Stockton. Amtrak's Oakland-Stockton-Fresno-Bakersfield San Joaquins trains stop at the San Joaquin Street Station. This is the former Santa Fe Railroad station in Stockton. Amtrak's Sacramento-Stockton-Fresno- Bakersfield "San Joaquin" trains stop at the Robert J. Cabral Station which is also used by Altamont Corridor Express trains to San Jose which originate in Stockton. This is the former Southern Pacific Railroad station in Stockton. RTD Hopper is a public bus service operated by San Joaquin Regional Transit connecting Stockton to Ripon, Manteca, Tracy, Lodi, and Lathrop.

Airports

Stockton Metropolitan Airport features passenger service to Los Angeles, Las Vegas, San Diego, and Phoenix, AZ, along with cargo service and general aviation. Other general aviation airports in the county include Lodi Airport, Tracy Municipal Airport, and New Jerusalem Airport.

Port

Port of Stockton is a major inland deepwater port in Stockton, California, located on the San Joaquin River before it joins the Sacramento River to empty into Suisun Bay, eighty miles inland. The port sits on about 4,200 acres (17 km2), and occupies an island in the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta.

Communities

Cities

Census-designated places

Unincorporated communities

Population ranking

The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2010 census of San Joaquin County.[54]

county seat

Rank City/Town/etc. Municipal type Population (2010 Census)
1 Stockton City 291,707
2 Tracy City 82,922
3 Manteca City 67,096
4 Lodi City 62,134
5 Lathrop City 18,023
6 Ripon City 14,297
7 Garden Acres CDP 10,468
8 Mountain House CDP 9,675
9 Country Club CDP 9,379
10 August CDP 8,390
11 Escalon City 7,132
12 Lincoln Village CDP 4,381
13 Woodbridge CDP 3,984
14 Morada CDP 3,828
15 French Camp CDP 3,376
16 Kennedy CDP 3,254
17 Lockeford CDP 3,233
18 Dogtown CDP 2,506
19 Collierviile CDP 1,934
20 Linden CDP 1,784
21 Taft Mosswood CDP 1,530
22 Thornton CDP 1,131
23 Peters CDP 672
24 Waterloo CDP 572
25 Terminous CDP 381
26 Acampo CDP 341
27 Victor CDP 293
28 Farmington CDP 207

See also

Notes

  1. Other = Some other race + Two or more races
  2. Native American = Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander + American Indian or Alaska Native
  3. Percentage of registered voters with respect to total population. Percentages of party members with respect to registered voters follow.

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  48. DRR. "FDIC: Failed Bank Information - Bank Closing Information for Pacific State Bank, Stockton, CA". www.fdic.gov.
  49. Lodi City website
  50. "Employment by Industry (Not Seasonally Adjusted) in San Joaquin County". www.labormarketinfo.edd.ca.gov. Retrieved October 11, 2019.
  51. "San Joaquin County's Goods Movement System" (PDF). University of the Pacific.
  52. A statewide average for this value is not computed by the California Department of Education.
  53. "Voters approve Lammersville school unification". Tracy press. June 8, 2010. Retrieved June 8, 2010.
  54. Promotions, Center for New Media and. "US Census Bureau 2010 Census". www.census.gov.
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