List of Roman consuls

This is a list of consuls known to have held office, from the beginning of the Roman Republic to the latest use of the title in Imperial times, together with those magistrates of the Republic who were appointed in place of consuls, or who superseded consular authority for a limited period.

Background

Republican consuls

From the establishment of the Republic to the time of Augustus, the consuls were the chief magistrates of the Roman state, and normally there were two of them, so that the executive power of the state was not vested in a single individual, as it had been under the kings.[1][2] As other ancient societies dated historical events according to the reigns of their kings, it became customary at Rome to date events by the names of the consuls in office when the events occurred, rather than (for instance) by counting the number of years since the foundation of the city, although that method could also be used.[2] If a consul died during his year of office, another was elected to replace him. Although his imperium was the same as his predecessor's, he was termed consul suffectus, in order to distinguish him from the consul ordinarius whom he replaced; but the eponymous magistrates for each year were normally the consules ordinarii.[1][2]

Because of this method of dating events, it was important to keep records of each year's eponymous magistrates. Many such lists have survived, either in the form of monumental inscriptions, conventionally referred to as fasti, or indirectly through the ancient historians, who had access to linen rolls recording the names of magistrates. Although these lists account for the entire period of the Republic, and most of Imperial times, there are discrepancies due to gaps and disagreements between different sources. Many of these no doubt arose as copying errors, especially those that involved the substitution of a familiar name for a less common one. Others may represent later attempts to edit the lists in order to explain deficiencies in the record, to reconcile conflicting traditions, or to ascribe particular actions or events to the time of a particular individual.[3]

Other magistrates included

Occasionally, the authority of the consuls was temporarily superseded by the appointment of a dictator, who held greater imperium than that of the consuls.[1] By tradition, these dictators laid down their office upon the completion of the task for which they were nominated, or after a maximum period of six months, and did not continue in office longer than the year for which the nominating consul had been elected.[4] However, in four years at the end of the fourth century BC, dictators are said to have continued in office in the year following their nomination, in place of consuls. Modern scholars are skeptical of these years, which might be due to later editing of the lists of magistrates in order to fill a gap.[5] All known dictators have been included in this table.

Two other types of magistrates are listed during the period of the Republic. In the year 451 BC, a board of ten men, known as decemviri, or decemvirs, was appointed in place of the consuls in order to draw up the tables of Roman law, in a sense establishing the Roman constitution. According to tradition, a second college of decemvirs was appointed for the next year, and these continued in office illegally into 449, until they were overthrown in a popular revolt, and the consulship was reinstated.[6][7]

Among the disputes which the decemvirs failed to resolve was the relationship between the patricians, Rome's hereditary aristocracy, and the plebeians, or common citizens. Although it has been argued that some of the consuls prior to the Decemvirate may have been plebeians, the office was definitely closed to them in the second half of the fifth century BC. To prevent open hostility between the two orders, the office of military tribune with consular power, or "consular tribune", was established. In place of patrician consuls, the people could elect a number of military tribunes, who might be either patrician or plebeian.[2][8]

According to Livy, this compromise held until 376 BC, when two of the tribunes of the plebs, Gaius Licinius Calvus Stolo and Lucius Sextius Lateranus, blocked the election of any magistrates for the following year, unless the senate would agree to place a law before the people opening the consulship to the plebeians, and effecting other important reforms. The senate refused, and the tribunes continued to prevent the election of magistrates for several years until the senate capitulated, and the lex Licinia Sextia was passed, leading to the election of the first plebeian consul in 367.[2][8][9] Other accounts of this event are inconsistent, and current scholarly opinion is that the duration of the period without magistrates may have been exaggerated, or even invented to fill a gap in the record; nevertheless Roman tradition unanimously holds that Licinius and Sextius were able to open the consulship to the plebeians.[10]

The consulship in imperial times

In imperial times the consulship became the senior administrative office under the emperors, who frequently assumed the title of consul themselves, and appointed other consuls at will.[1] The consulship was often bestowed as a political favour, or a reward for faithful service. Because there could only be two consuls at once, the emperors frequently appointed several sets of suffecti sequentially in the course of a year; holding the consulship for an entire year became a special honour.[1][2] As the office lost much of its executive authority, and the number of consuls appointed for short and often irregular periods increased, surviving lists from Imperial times are often incomplete, and have been reconstructed from many sources, not always with much certainty. In many cases it is stated that a particular person had been consul, but the exact time cannot be firmly established.

As an institution, the consulship survived the abdication of the last emperor of the West, and for a time consuls continued to be appointed, one representing the Eastern Roman Empire, and the other the Western, even as the Western Empire dissolved as a political entity. The last consuls appointed represented only the Eastern Empire, until finally the title became the sole province of the Emperor, who might or might not assume it upon taking office.[1][2]

Chronology

For the early Republic, this article observes the Varronian chronology, established by the historian Marcus Terentius Varro, who calculated that Rome was founded in what is now called the year 753 BC (the founding of the city was traditionally observed on the Palilia, a festival occurring on April 21). This becomes the year 1 ab urbe condita, or AUC. The Republic was established in 245 AUC, or 509 BC. Although other ancient historians gave different years, Varro's chronology was the most widely accepted; it was used in the Fasti Capitolini, and its use by Censorinus brought it to the attention of Joseph Scaliger, who helped popularize its use in modern times.[11][12]

For Imperial times, the dates of the consules ordinarii are far more certain than those of the suffecti, who were not recorded with the same attention as the eponymous magistrates. Their identification and dating is far more controversial, and despite the efforts of generations of scholars, gaps in coverage remain. Known consules suffecti are shown with their known (or reconstructed) dates of tenure, which normally varied from two to six months — although one suffect consul, Rosius Regulus, is known to have held the fasces for a single day, October 31, AD 69.[13] Where neither consul is known or inferred for a portion of the year, their names are omitted for convenience; if one consul can be named, but his colleague is unknown, the unnamed colleague is listed as ignotus (unknown).

Consules prior and posterior

Consuls during the Republic and the early Empire are identified as consul prior and consul posterior, terms that the Romans used to distinguish between the magistrates. The consul prior was the more senior and esteemed of the pair. Under the Republic he was elected first, and had priority in holding the fasces, as well as the honor of being named first in the lists for the year, although in all other respects the two consuls' authority was equal.[1][14] The order of the consuls of the Republic was however edited in the Fasti Capitolini. Augustus and several prominent patricians falsified the Fasti by listing some of their ancestors as consuls prior. Livy apparently gives the initial order throughout most of his work, but seems to have followed the new "official" order in his later books; perhaps he was influenced by the imperial propaganda.[15]

When the emperor assumed the consulship, he was necessarily consul prior. This distinction continued until the fourth century AD, when the Empire was divided into a Western Roman Empire and an Eastern Roman Empire: the consuls who were appointed by the court in the Western Empire, which was sometimes at Rome, are commonly identified as the "Western consul", and those appointed by the court in the Eastern, usually Constantinople, the "Eastern consul". These designations were used until the end of the consulship in the sixth century.[16]

Other lists of consuls

For a list of consuls whose year of office is uncertain or entirely unknown (usually suffecti, although some of the ordinarii in the breakaway Gallic Empire also lack dates[17]), see the List of undated Roman consuls. For those individuals who were elected consul but never assumed the office due to death, disgrace, or any other reason, see List of Roman consuls designate.

Key

Latin terms

  • Imperator (abbreviated Imp.) = literally "commander"; originally an honorary title bestowed upon a general by his soldiers, the term later became part of the style of the emperors, and the word "emperor" is derived from it.
  • suffectus (abbreviated suff.) = a substitute elected or appointed in place of a magistrate who died or resigned. Information is not available for all consules suffecti, and some may not be listed.
  • ignotus = unknown. All consuls who can be assigned to a particular date, at least tentatively, are included in this table. If neither consul for a given period is known, they are entirely omitted; if one is known, and the other is not, the unknown colleague is referred to as ignotus.
  • sine collega = without colleague. On a few occasions before the dissolution of the Western Empire, only one consul was appointed.
  • post consulatum = after the (preceding) consulship. Used for gaps when no consuls were appointed for a period following the end of another consulship, or at least none are known to have been appointed.
  • inter alios = among others.

Abbreviations for praenomina

  • A. = Aulus
  • Ap. = Appius
  • C. = Gaius
  • Cn. = Gnaeus
  • D. = Decimus
  • K. = Caeso
  • L. = Lucius
  • M. = Marcus
  • M'. = Manius
  • Mam. = Mamercus
  • N. = Numerius
  • Opet. = Opiter
  • P. = Publius
  • Post. = Postumus
  • Proc. = Proculus
  • Q. = Quintus
  • Ser. = Servius
  • Sex. = Sextus
  • Sp. = Spurius
  • T. = Titus
  • Ti. = Tiberius
  • Vop. = Vopiscus

Colors

Republican senators
Imperial senators

Sixth century BC (509–501)

Unless otherwise indicated, the names and dates of the consuls between 509 and 81 BC are taken from Thomas Broughton's The Magistrates of the Roman Republic.

Year Consul prior Consul posterior
509[18] L. Junius Brutus L. Tarquinius Collatinus
suff. Sp. Lucretius Tricipitinus P. Valerius Poplicola
suff. M. Horatius Pulvillus
508 P. Valerius Poplicola II T. Lucretius Tricipitinus
507 P. Valerius Poplicola III M. Horatius Pulvillus II[19]
506 Sp. Lartius (Rufus or Flavus) T. Herminius Aquilinus[20]
505 M. Valerius Volusus P. Postumius Tubertus
504 P. Valerius Poplicola IV T. Lucretius Tricipitinus II
503 Agrippa Menenius Lanatus P. Postumius Tubertus II
502 Opet. Verginius Tricostus Sp. Cassius Viscellinus
501 Post. Cominius Auruncus T. Lartius (Flavus or Rufus)

Fifth century BC (500–401)

Year Consul prior Consul posterior
500 Ser. Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus M'. Tullius Longus
499 T. Aebutius Elva C. Veturius Geminus Cicurinus
498 Q. Cloelius Siculus T. Lartius (Flavus or Rufus) II
497 A. Sempronius Atratinus I M. Minucius Augurinus I
496 A. Postumius Albus Regillensis T. Verginius Tricostus Caeliomontanus
495 Ap. Claudius Sabinus Regillensis P. Servilius Priscus Structus
494 A. Verginius Tricostus Caeliomontanus T. Veturius Geminus Cicurinus
494 Dictator: M'. Valerius Maximus
493 Post. Cominius Auruncus II Sp. Cassius Viscellinus II
492 T. Geganius Macerinus P. Minucius Augurinus
491 M. Minucius Augurinus II A. Sempronius Atratinus II
490 Q. Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus Sp. Lartius (Rufus or Flavus) II[21]
489 C. Julius Iulus P. Pinarius Mamercinus Rufus
488 Sp. Nautius Rutilus Sex. Furius Medullinus Tuscus
487 T. Sicinius (Sabinus?) C. Aquillius (Tuscus?)
486 Sp. Cassius Viscellinus III Proculus Verginius Tricostus Rutilus
485 Q. Fabius Vibulanus[22] Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis[22]
484 L. Aemilius Mamercus K. Fabius Vibulanus I
483 M. Fabius Vibulanus I L. Valerius Potitus I
482 Q. Fabius Vibulanus II[22] C. Julius Iulus[22]
481 K. Fabius Vibulanus II Sp. Furius Medullinus Fusus
480 M. Fabius Vibulanus II[22] Cn. Manlius Cincinnatus[22]
479 K. Fabius Vibulanus III T. Verginius Tricostus Rutilus
478 L. Aemilius Mamercus II C. Servilius Structus Ahala[23]
suff. Opet. Verginius Tricostus Esquilinus[24]
477 C. Horatius Pulvillus T. Menenius Lanatus[25]
476 A. Verginius Tricostus Rutilus Sp. Servilius Structus
475 P. Valerius Poplicola C. Nautius Rutilus
474 L. Furius Medullinus Fusus[22] Cn. Manlius Vulso[22]
473 L. Aemilius Mamercus III Vop. Julius Iulus[26]
472 L. Pinarius Mamercinus Rufus P. Furius Medullinus Fusus
471 Ap. Claudius Sabinus Regillensis T. Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus
470 L. Valerius Potitus II Ti. Aemilius Mamercus
469 T. Numicius Priscus A. Verginius Caeliomontanus
468 T. Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus II Q. Servilius Structus Priscus
467 Ti. Aemilius Mamercus II Q. Fabius Vibulanus
466 Sp. Postumius Albinus Regillensis Q. Servilius Structus Priscus Structus II
465 Q. Fabius Vibulanus II T. Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus III
464 A. Postumius Albinus Regillensis Sp. Furius Medullinus Fusus
463 P. Servilius Priscus L. Aebutius Elva
462 L. Lucretius Tricipitinus T. Veturius Geminus Cicurinus
461 P. Volumnius Amintinus Gallus Ser. Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus
460 P. Valerius Poplicola II C. Claudius Inregillensis Sabinus
suff. L. Quinctius Cincinnatus
459 Q. Fabius Vibulanus III L. Cornelius Maluginensis Uritinus
458 C. Nautius Rutilus II L. Minucius Esquilinus Augurinus[27]
458 Dictator: L. Quinctius
457 C. Horatius Pulvillus II Q. Minucius Esquilinus[28]
456 M. Valerius Maximus Lactuca Sp. Verginius Tricostus Caeliomontanus
455 T. Romilius Rocus Vaticanus C. Veturius Cicurinus
454 Sp. Tarpeius Montanus Capitolinus A. Aternius Varus Fontinalis
453 Sex. Quinctilius Varus P. Curiatius Fistus Trigeminus
suff. Sp. Furius Medullinus Fusus II
452 P. Sestius Capitolinus Vaticanus T. Menenius Lanatus
451[29] Ap. Claudius Crassus Sabinus Regillensis T. Genucius Augurinus
First Decemvirate
Ap. Claudius Crassus Sabinus Regillensis A. Manlius Vulso
T. Genucius Augurinus Ser. Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus[30]
Veturius Geminus Cicurinus[31] P. Curiatius Fistus Trigeminus
P. Sestius Capitolinus Vaticanus T. Romilius Rocus Vaticanus
C. Julius Iulus Sp. Postumius Albus Regillensis
450 Second Decemvirate
Ap. Claudius Crassus Sabinus Regillensis II Q. Poetelius Libo Visolus
M. Cornelius Maluginensis T. Antonius Merenda
L. (?) Sergius Esquilinus[32] K. Duillius
L. Minucius Esquilinus Augurinus Sp. Oppius Cornicen
Q. Fabius Vibulanus M'. Rabuleius
449 Second Decemvirate (continued)
Ap. Claudius Crassus Sabinus Regillensis III Q. Poetelius Libo Visolus II
M. Cornelius Maluginensis II T. Antonius Merenda II
L. (?) Sergius Esquilinus II K. Duillius II
L. Minucius Esquilinus Augurinus II Sp. Oppius Cornicen II
Q. Fabius Vibulanus II M'. Rabuleius II
L. Valerius Potitus M. Horatius (Tu?)rrinus Barbatus
448 Lars Herminius Aquilinus T. Verginius Tricostus Caeliomontanus
447 M. Geganius Macerinus C. Julius Iulus
446 T. Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus IV[22] Agrippa Furius Fusus[22]
445 M. Genucius Augurinus C. Curtius Philo
444 Consular Tribunes
A. Sempronius Atratinus T. Cloelius Siculus
L. Atilius Luscus
suff. L. Papirius Mugillanus L. Sempronius Atratinus[33]
443 M. Geganius Macerinus II T. Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus V
442 M. Fabius Vibulanus Post. Aebutius Elva Cornicen
441 C. Furius Pacilus Fusus M'. Papirius Crassus
440 Proc. Geganius Macerinus Menenius Lanatus II[34]
439 T. Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus VI[22] Agrippa Menenius Lanatus[22]
439 Dictator: L. Quinctius Cincinnatus
438 Consular Tribunes
Mam. Aemilius Macerinus L. Julius Iulus
L. Quinctius Cincinnatus
437 M. Geganius Macerinus III L. Sergius Fidenas
suff. M. Valerius Lactuca Maximus
436 L. Papirius Crassus M. Cornelius Maluginensis
435 C. Julius Iulus II L. Verginius Tricostus
434 M. Manlius Capitolinus Q. Sulpicius Camerinus Praetextatus[35]
433 Consular Tribunes
M. Fabius Vibulanus L. Sergius Fidenas
M. Folius Flaccinator
432 Consular Tribunes
L. Pinarius Mamercinus Sp. Postumius Albus Regillensis
L. Furius Medullinus
431 T. Quinctius Poenus Cincinnatus C. Julius Mento
430 L. Papirius Crassus II[36] L. Julius Iulus
429 Hostus Lucretius Tricipitinus L. Sergius Fidenas II
428 A. Cornelius Cossus T. Quinctius Poenus Cincinnatus II[37]
427 C. Servilius Structus Ahala L. Papirius Mugillanus
426 Consular Tribunes
T. Quinctius Poenus Cincinnatus M. Postumius Albinus Regillensis
C. Furius Pacilus Fusus A. Cornelius Cossus
425 Consular Tribunes
A. Sempronius Atratinus L. Furius Medullinus II
L. Quinctius Cincinnatus II L. Horatius Barbatus
424 Consular Tribunes
Ap. Claudius Crassus L. Sergius Fidenas II
Sp. Nautius Rutilus[38] Sex. Julius Iulus
423 C. Sempronius Atratinus Q. Fabius Vibulanus
422 Consular Tribunes
L. Manlius Capitolinus L. Papirius Mugillanus
Q. Antonius Merenda
421 T. Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus Cn. Fabius Vibulanus[39]
420 Consular Tribunes
Quinctius Cincinnatus[40] M. Manlius Vulso
L. Furius Medullinus III A. Sempronius Atratinus II
419 Consular Tribunes
Agrippa Menenius Lanatus Sp. Nautius Rutilus
P. Lucretius Tricipitinus C. Servilius Axilla
418 Consular Tribunes
L. Sergius Fidenas III C. Servilius Axilla II
M. Papirius Mugillanus
417 Consular Tribunes
P. Lucretius Tricipitinus II Agrippa Menenius Lanatus II
Sp. Veturius Crassus[41] C. Servilius Axilla III
416 Consular Tribunes
A. Sempronius Atratinus III Q. Fabius Vibulanus
M. Papirius Mugillanus II Sp. Nautius Rutilus II
415 Consular Tribunes
P. Cornelius Cossus N. Fabius Vibulanus
C. Valerius Potitus Volusus Q. Quinctius Cincinnatus
414 Consular Tribunes
Cn. Cornelius Cossus Q. Fabius Vibulanus II
L. Valerius Potitus P. Postumius Albinus Regillensis
413 L. Furius Medullinus[22] A. Cornelius Cossus II[22]
412 Q. Fabius Vibulanus Ambustus C. Furius Pacilus
411 M. Papirius Atratinus[42] Sp. Nautius Rutilus
410 M'. Aemilius Mamercinus C. Valerius Potitus Volusus
409 Cn. Cornelius Cossus L. Furius Medullinus II
408 Consular Tribunes
C. Julius Iulus C. Servilius Ahala
P. Cornelius Cossus
407 Consular Tribunes
L. Furius Medullinus N. Fabius Vibulanus II
C. Valerius Potitus Volusus II C. Servilius Ahala II
406 Consular Tribunes
P. Cornelius Rutilus Cossus N. Fabius Ambustus
Cn. Cornelius Cossus L. Valerius Potitus II
405 Consular Tribunes
T. Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus A. Manlius Vulso Capitolinus
Q. Quinctius Cincinnatus II L. Furius Medullinus II
C. Julius Iulus II M'. Aemilius Mamercinus
404 Consular Tribunes
C. Valerius Potitus Volusus III Cn. Cornelius Cossus II
M'. Sergius Fidenas K. Fabius Ambustus[43]
P. Cornelius Maluginensis Sp. Nautius Rutilus III
403[44] Consular Tribunes
M'. Aemilius Mamercinus II M. Quinctilius Varus
L. Valerius Potitus III L. Julius Iulus
Ap. Claudius Crassus Inregillensis M. Furius Fusus
402 Consular Tribunes
C. Servilius Ahala III Q. Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus
Q. Servilius Fidenas A. Manlius Vulso Capitolinus II
L. Verginius Tricostus Esquilinus M'. Sergius Fidenas II
401 Consular Tribunes
L. Valerius Potitus IV Cn. Cornelius Cossus III
M. Furius Camillus K. Fabius Ambustus II
M'. Aemilius Mamercinus III L. Julius Iulus

Fourth century BC (400–301)

Year Consul prior Consul posterior
400 Consular Tribunes
P. Licinius Calvus Esquilinus P. Maelius Capitolinus
P. Manlius Vulso Sp. Furius Medullinus
L. Titinius Pansa Saccus L. Publilius Philo Vulscus
399 Consular Tribunes
Cn. Genucius Augurinus C. Duillius Longus
L. Atilius Priscus M. Veturius Crassus Cicurinus
M. Pomponius Rufus Volero Publilius Philo
398 Consular Tribunes
L. Valerius Potitus V L. Furius Medullinus III
M. Valerius Lactucinus Maximus Q. Servilius Fidenas II
M. Furius Camillus II Q. Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus II
397 Consular Tribunes
L. Julius Iulus II A. Postumius Albinus Regillensis
L. Furius Medullinus IV P. Cornelius Maluginensis
L. Sergius Fidenas A. Manlius Vulso Capitolinus III
396 Consular Tribunes
L. Titinius Pansa Saccus II Q. Manlius Vulso Capitolinus
P. Licinius Calvus Esquilinus II Cn. Genucius Augurinus II
P. Maelius Capitolinus II L. Atilius Priscus II
395 Consular Tribunes
P. Cornelius Cossus L. Furius Medullinus V
P. Cornelius Scipio Q. Servilius Fidenas III
K. Fabius Ambustus III M. Valerius Lactucinus Maximus II
394 Consular Tribunes
M. Furius Camillus III L. Valerius Poplicola
L. Furius Medullinus VI Sp. Postumius Albinus Regillensis
C. Aemilius Mamercinus P. Cornelius II[45]
393 L. Valerius Potitus Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis
suff.[46] L. Lucretius Tricipitinus Flavus Ser. Sulpicius Camerinus
392 L. Valerius Potitus II M. Manlius Capitolinus
391 Consular Tribunes
L. Lucretius Tricipitinus Flavus L. Furius Medullinus VII
Ser. Sulpicius Camerinus Agrippa Furius Fusus
L. Aemilius Mamercinus[47] C. Aemilius Mamercinus II
390 Consular Tribunes
Q. Fabius Ambustus Q. Sulpicius Longus
K. Fabius Ambustus IV Q. Servilius Fidenas IV
N. Fabius Ambustus II P. Cornelius Maluginensis IV
389 Consular Tribunes
L. Valerius Poplicola II A. Manlius Capitolinus
L. Verginius Tricostus Esquilinus (II?) L. Aemilius Mamercinus II
P. Cornelius L. Postumius Albinus Regillensis
388 Consular Tribunes
T. Quinctius Cincinnatus Capitolinus Q. Servilius Fidenas V
L. Julius Iulus L. Aquillius Corvus
L. Lucretius Tricipitinus Flavus II Ser. Sulpicius Rufus
387 Consular Tribunes[48]
L. Papirius Cursor Cn. Sergius Fidenas Coxo
L. Aemilius Mamercinus III Licinus Menenius Lanatus
L. Valerius Poplicola III
386 Consular Tribunes
M. Furius Camillus IV Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis
Q. Servilius Fidenas VI L. Quinctius Cincinnatus
L. Horatius Pulvillus P. Valerius Potitus Poplicola
385 Consular Tribunes
A. Manlius Capitolinus II P. Cornelius
T. Quinctius (Cincinnatus?) Capitolinus II L. Papirius Cursor II
L. Quinctius Capitolinus Cn. Sergius Fidenas Coxo II
384 Consular Tribunes
Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis II P. Valerius Potitus Poplicola II
M. Furius Camillus V Ser. Sulpicius Rufus II
C. Papirius Crassus T. Quinctius Cincinnatus Capitolinus III
383 Consular Tribunes
L. Valerius Poplicola IV A. Manlius Capitolinus IV
Ser. Sulpicius Rufus III L. Lucretius Tricipitinus Flavus III
L. Aemilius Mamercinus IV M. Trebonius
382 Consular Tribunes
Sp. Papirius Crassus L. Papirius Mugillanus
Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis III Q. Servilius Fidenas
C. Sulpicius Camerinus L. Aemilius Mamercinus V
381 Consular Tribunes
M. Furius Camillus VI A. Postumius Albinus Regillensis II
L. Postumius Albinus Regillensis II L. Furius Medullinus
L. Lucretius Tricipitinus Flavus IV M. Fabius Ambustus
380 Consular Tribunes[49]
L. Valerius Potitus Poplicola V P. Valerius Potitus Poplicola III
Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis IV Licinus Menenius Lanatus II
C. Sulpicius Peticus L. Aemilius Mamercinus VI
Cn. Sergius Fidenas Coxo III Ti. Papirius Crassus
L. Papirius Mugillanus II
379 Consular Tribunes
P. Manlius Capitolinus Cn. Manlius Vulso
L. Julius Iulus II C. Sextilius
M. Albinius L. Antistius
P. Trebonius[50] C. Erenucius[50]
378 Consular Tribunes
Sp. Furius Medullinus Q. Servillius Fidenas II
Licinus Menenius Lanatus III P. Cloelius Siculus
M. Horatius[51] L. Geganius Macerinus[51]
377 Consular Tribunes
L. Aemilius Mamercinus P. Valerius Potitus Poplicola IV
C. Veturius Crassus Cicurinus Ser. Sulpicius Rufus IV or:
Ser. Sulpicius Praetextatus
L. Quinctius Cincinnatus III C. Quinctius Cincinnatus
376 Consular Tribunes
L. Papirius Mugillanus III Licinus Menenius Lanatus IV
Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis V Ser. Sulpicius Praetextatus II
375–
371
solitudo magistratuum
According to Livy (6.35), the tribunes Gaius Licinius Stolo and Lucius Sextius introduced new laws known as the Lex Licinia Sextia, which provoked strong resistance from the patricians. Licinius Stolo and Sextius resorted to using the tribunican veto to prevent either consuls or consular tribunes from being elected.

The actual length of this period is controversial, with primary sources stating it was one (Diodorus Siculus), five (Fasti Capitolini), or ten (Livy) years.[52]

370 Consular Tribunes
A. Manlius Capitolinus V L. Furius Medullinus II
Ser. Sulpicius Praetextatus III Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis VI
P. Valerius Potitus Poplicola V C. Valerius Potitus
369 Consular Tribunes
Q. Servilius Fidenas III C. Veturius Crassus Cicurinus II
A. Cornelius Cossus M. Cornelius Maluginensis
Q. Quinctius Cincinnatus M. Fabius Ambustus II
368 Consular Tribunes
Ser. Cornelius Maluginensis VII Ser. Sulpicius Praetextatus IV
Sp. Servilius Structus T. Quinctius Cincinnatus Capitolinus
L. Papirius Crassus L. Veturius Crassus Cicurinus
367 Consular Tribunes
A. Cornelius Cossus II M. Cornelius Maluginensis II
M. Geganius Macerinus P. Manlius Capitolinus II
L. Veturius Crassus Cicurinus II P. Valerius Potitus Poplicola VI
366 L. Aemilius Mamercinus I L. Sextius Sextinus Lateranus (first plebeian)
365 L. Genucius Aventinensis I Q. Servilius Ahala I
364 C. Sulpicius Peticus I C. Licinius Calvus[53]
363 L. Aemilius Mamercinus II Cn. Genucius Aventinensis
362 Q. Servilius Ahala II L. Genucius Aventinensis II
361 C. Sulpicius Peticus II[22] C. Licinius Stolo[53][22]
360 M. Fabius Ambustus I C. Poetelius Libo Visolus I
359 M. Popillius Laenas I Cn. Manlius Capitolinus Imperiosus I
358 C. Fabius Ambustus C. Plautius Proculus
357 C. Marcius Rutilus I Cn. Manlius Capitolinus Imperiosus II
356 M. Fabius Ambustus II M. Popillius Laenas II
355 C. Sulpicius Peticus III M. Valerius Poplicola I
354 M. Fabius Ambustus III T. Quinctius Poenus Capitolinus Crispinus I[54]
353 C. Sulpicius Peticus IV M. Valerius Poplicola II
352 P. Valerius Poplicola C. Marcius Rutilus II
351 C. Sulpicius Peticus V T. Quinctius Pennus Capitolinus Crispinus II
350 M. Popillius Laenas III L. Cornelius Scipio
349 L. Furius Camillus Ap. Claudius Crassus Inregillensis[55]
348 M. Valerius (Maximus) Corvus I[22] M. Popillius Laenas IV[22]
347 T. Manlius Imperiosus Torquatus I[22] C. Plautius Venno (or Venox) I[22]
346 M. Valerius (Maximus) Corvus II C. Poetelius Libo Visolus II
345 M. Fabius Dorsuo Ser. Sulpicius Camerinus Rufus
344 C. Marcius Rutilus III T. Manlius Imperiosus Torquatus II
343 A. Cornelius Cossus Arvina I M. Valerius (Maximus) Corvus III
342 C. Marcius Rutilus IV[22] Q. Servilius Ahala III[22]
341 C. Plautius Venno (or Venox) II L. Aemilius Mamercinus Privernas I
340 T. Manlius Imperiosus Torquatus III P. Decius Mus
339 Ti. Aemilius Mamercinus Q. Publilius Philo I
338 L. Furius Camillus I C. Maenius
337 C. Sulpicius Longus I[22] P. Aelius Paetus[22]
336 L. Papirius Crassus I K. Duillius
335 M. Valerius (Maximus) Corvus IV[22] M. Atilius Regulus Calenus[22]
334 Sp. Postumius Albinus (Caudinus) I T. Veturius Calvinus I
333 Dictator: P. Cornelius Rufinus[56]
332 A. Cornelius Cossus Arvina II[22] Cn. Domitius Calvinus[22]
331 M. Claudius Marcellus[22] C. Valerius Potitus[22]
330 L. Papirius Crassus II L. Plautius Venno (or Venox)
329 L. Aemilius Mamercinus Privernas II C. Plautius Decianus
328[57] Plautius P. Cornelius
327 L. Cornelius Lentulus Q. Publilius Philo II
326 C. Poetelius Libo Visolus III L. Papirius Cursor I
325 L. Furius Camillus II D. Junius Brutus Scaeva
324 Dictator: L. Papirius Cursor[56]
323 C. Sulpicius Longus II Q. Aulius Cerretanus I[58]
322 Q. Fabius Maximus Rullianus I[22] L. Fulvius Curvus[22]
321 T. Veturius Calvinus II Sp. Postumius Albinus Caudinus II
320 Q. Publilius Philo III[22] L. Papirius Cursor II[22]
319 L. Papirius Cursor III[59] Q. Aulius Cerretanus II
318 M. Folius Flaccinator[22] L. Plautius Venno (or Venox)[22]
317 C. Junius Bubulcus Brutus I[22] Q. Aemilius Barbula I[22]
316 Sp. Nautius Rutilus M. Popillius Laenas
315 L. Papirius Cursor IV Q. Publilius Philo IV
314 M. Poetelius Libo C. Sulpicius Longus III
313 L. Papirius Cursor V C. Junius Bubulcus Brutus II
312 M. Valerius Maximus (Corvinus) I P. Decius Mus I
311 C. Junius Bubulcus Brutus III Q. Aemilius Barbula II
310 Q. Fabius Maximus Rullianus II C. Marcius Rutilus Censorinus
309 Dictator: L. Papirius Cursor[56]
308 Q. Fabius Maximus Rullianus III[22] P. Decius Mus II[22]
307 Ap. Claudius Caecus I L. Volumnius Flamma Violens I
306 P. Cornelius Arvina I[22] Q. Marcius Tremulus I[22]
305 L. Postumius Megellus I Ti. Minucius Augurinus
suff. M. Fulvius Curvus Paetinus
304 P. Sempronius Sophus P. Sulpicius Saverrio
303 L. Genucius Aventinensis[22] Ser. Cornelius Lentulus[22]
302 M. Livius Denter M. Aemilius Paullus
301 Dictator: M. Valerius Maximus Corvus[56]

Third century BC (300–201)

Year Consul prior Consul posterior
300 M. Valerius Maximus Corvus V Q. Appuleius Pansa
299 M. Fulvius Paetinus T. Manlius Torquatus
suff. M. Valerius Maximus Corvus VI
298 L. Cornelius Scipio Barbatus Cn. Fulvius Maximus Centumalus
297 Q. Fabius Maximus Rullianus IV P. Decius Mus III
296 Ap. Claudius Caecus II L. Volumnius Flamma Violens II
295 Q. Fabius Maximus Rullianus V P. Decius Mus IV
294 L. Postumius Megellus II M. Atilius Regulus
293 L. Papirius Cursor I Sp. Carvilius Maximus I
292 Q. Fabius Maximus Gurges I D. Junius Brutus Scaeva
291 L. Postumius Megellus III C. Junius Bubulcus Brutus I
290 P. Cornelius Rufinus I[22] M'. Curius Dentatus I[22]
289 M. Valerius Maximus Corvinus II Q. Caedicius Noctua
288 Q. Marcius Tremulus II P. Cornelius Arvina II
287 M. Claudius Marcellus C. Nautius Rutilus
286 M. Valerius Maximus Potitus[60] C. Aelius Paetus
285 C. Claudius Canina I M. Aemilius Lepidus
284 C. Servilius Tucca L. Caecilius Metellus Denter
283 P. Cornelius Dolabella Cn. Domitius Calvinus Maximus
282 C. Fabricius Luscinus I Q. Aemilius Papus I
281 L. Aemilius Barbula Q. Marcius Philippus
280 P. Valerius Laevinus Ti. Coruncanius
279 P. Sulpicius Saverrio P. Decius Mus
278 C. Fabricius Luscinus II Q. Aemilius Papus II
277 P. Cornelius Rufinus II C. Junius Bubulcus Brutus II
276 Q. Fabius Maximus Gurges II C. Genucius Clepsina I
275 M'. Curius Dentatus II L. Cornelius Lentulus Caudinus
274 Ser. Cornelius Merenda[22] M'. Curius Dentatus III[22]
273 C. Fabius Licinus C. Claudius Canina II
272 L. Papirius Cursor II Sp. Carvilius Maximus II
271 K. Quinctius Claudus L. Genucius Clepsina
270 C. Genucius Clepsina II Cn. Cornelius Blasio
269 Q. Ogulnius Gallus C. Fabius Pictor
268 P. Sempronius Sophus Ap. Claudius Russus
267 M. Atilius Regulus I L. Julius Libo
266 D. Junius Pera N. Fabius Pictor
265 Q. Fabius Maximus Gurges L. Mamilius Vitulus
264 Ap. Claudius Caudex M. Fulvius Flaccus
263 M'. Valerius Maximus Mesalla M'. Otacilius Crassus I
262 L. Postumius Megellus Q. Mamilius Vitulus
261 L. Valerius Flaccus T. Otacilius Crassus
260 Cn. Cornelius Scipio Asina I C. Duilius
259 L. Cornelius Scipio C. Aquillius Florus
258 A. Atilius Calatinus I C. Sulpicius Paterculus
257 Cn. Cornelius Blasio II[22] C. Atilius Regulus I[22]
256 L. Manlius Vulso Longus I Q. Caedicius
suff. M. Atilius Regulus II
255 Ser. Fulvius Paetinus Nobilior[22] M. Aemilius Paullus[22]
254 Cn. Cornelius Scipio Asina II A. Atilius Calatinus II
253 Cn. Servilius Caepio C. Sempronius Blaesus
252 C. Aurelius Cotta I P. Servilius Geminus I
251 L. Caecilius Metellus I C. Furius Pacilus
250 C. Atilius Regulus II L. Manlius Vulso Longus II
249 P. Claudius Pulcher L. Junius Pullus
248 C. Aurelius Cotta II P. Servilius Geminus II
247 L. Caecilius Metellus II N. Fabius Buteo
246 M'. Otacilius Crassus II M. Fabius Licinus
245 M. Fabius Buteo C. Atilius Bulbus I
244 A. Manlius Torquatus Atticus I C. Sempronius Blaesus II
243 C. Fundanius Fundulus C. Sulpicius Galus
242 C. Lutatius Catulus A. Postumius Albinus
241 A. Manlius Torquatus Atticus II Q. Lutatius Cerco
240 C. Claudius Centho M. Sempronius Tuditanus
239 C. Mamilius Turrinus Q. Valerius Falto
238 Ti. Sempronius Gracchus P. Valerius Falto
237 L. Cornelius Lentulus Caudinus Q. Fulvius Flaccus I
236 P. Cornelius Lentulus Caudinus C. Licinius Varus
235 T. Manlius Torquatus I C. Atilius Bulbus II
234 L. Postumius Albinus I Sp. Carvilius Maximus Ruga I
233 Q. Fabius Maximus Verrucosus I M'. Pomponius Matho
232 M. Aemilius Lepidus M. Publicius Malleolus
231 M. Pomponius Matho C. Papirius Maso
230 M. Aemilius Barbula M. Junius Pera
229 L. Postumius Albinus II Cn. Fulvius Centumalus
228 Q. Fabius Maximus Verrucosus II[22] Sp. Carvilius Maximus Ruga II[22]
227 P. Valerius Flaccus M. Atilius Regulus I
226 M. Valerius Maximus Messalla L. Apustius Fullo
225 L. Aemilius Papus C. Atilius Regulus
224 T. Manlius Torquatus II Q. Fulvius Flaccus II
223 C. Flaminius I P. Furius Philus
222 M. Claudius Marcellus I[22] Cn. Cornelius Scipio Calvus[22]
221 P. Cornelius Scipio Asina M. Minucius Rufus
220[61] M. Valerius Laevinus Q. Mucius Scaevola
Q. Lutatius Catulus L. Veturius Philo
219 L. Aemilius Paullus I M. Livius (Salinator) I
218 P. Cornelius Scipio Ti. Sempronius Longus
217 Cn. Servilius Geminus C. Flaminius II
217 Dictator: Q. Fabius Maximus Verrucosus III
suff. M. Atilius Regulus II
216 L. Aemilius Paullus II C. Terentius Varro
215 Ti. Sempronius Gracchus I L. Postumius Albinus III[62]
suff. M. Claudius Marcellus II[63]
suff. Q. Fabius Maximus Verrucosus III
214 Q. Fabius Maximus Verrucosus IV M. Claudius Marcellus III
213 Q. Fabius Maximus Ti. Sempronius Gracchus II
212 Q. Fulvius Flaccus III[22] Ap. Claudius Pulcher[22]
211 Cn. Fulvius Centumalus Maximus[22] P. Sulpicius Galba Maximus I[22]
210 M. Claudius Marcellus IV[22] M. Valerius Laevinus[22]
209 Q. Fabius Maximus Verrucosus V Q. Fulvius Flaccus IV
208 M. Claudius Marcellus V T. Quinctius Crispinus
207 C. Claudius Nero M. Livius Salinator II
206 L. Veturius Philo Q. Caecilius Metellus
205 P. Cornelius Scipio (Africanus) I P. Licinius Crassus Dives
204 M. Cornelius Cethegus P. Sempronius Tuditanus
203 Cn. Servilius Caepio C. Servilius Geminus
202 Ti. Claudius Nero M. Servilius Pulex Geminus
201 Cn. Cornelius Lentulus P. Aelius Paetus

Second century BC (200–101)

Year Consul prior Consul posterior
200 P. Sulpicius Galba Maximus II C. Aurelius Cotta
199 L. Cornelius Lentulus P. Villius Tappulus
198 T. Quinctius Flamininus Sex. Aelius Paetus Catus
197 C. Cornelius Cethegus Q. Minucius Rufus
196 L. Furius Purpureo M. Claudius Marcellus
195 L. Valerius Flaccus[22] M. Porcius Cato[22]
194 P. Cornelius Scipio Africanus II Ti. Sempronius Longus
193 L. Cornelius Merula Q. Minucius Thermus
192 L. Quinctius Flamininus Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus
191 P. Cornelius Scipio Nasica[22] M'. Acilius Glabrio[22]
190 L. Cornelius Scipio Asiaticus C. Laelius
189 M. Fulvius Nobilior[22] Cn. Manlius Vulso[22]
188 C. Livius Salinator M. Valerius Messalla
187 M. Aemilius Lepidus I C. Flaminius
186 Sp. Postumius Albinus Q. Marcius Philippus I
185 Ap. Claudius Pulcher M. Sempronius Tuditanus
184 P. Claudius Pulcher L. Porcius Licinus
183 M. Claudius Marcellus[22] Q. Fabius Labeo[22]
182 L. Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus I Cn. Baebius Tamphilus
181 P. Cornelius Cethegus M. Baebius Tamphilus
180 A. Postumius Albinus Luscus C. Calpurnius Piso
suff. Q. Fulvius Flaccus
179 Q. Fulvius Flaccus[22] L. Manlius Acidinus Fulvianus[22]
178 M. Junius Brutus A. Manlius Vulso
177 C. Claudius Pulcher Ti. Sempronius Gracchus I
176 Cn. Cornelius Scipio Hispallus Q. Petillius Spurinus
suff. C. Valerius Laevinus
175 M. Aemilius Lepidus II[22] P. Mucius Scaevola[22]
174 Sp. Postumius Albinus Paullulus Q. Mucius Scaevola
173 L. Postumius Albinus M. Popillius Laenas
172 C. Popillius Laenas I P. Aelius Ligus
171 P. Licinius Crassus C. Cassius Longinus
170 A. Hostilius Mancinus A. Atilius Serranus
169 Q. Marcius Philippus II Cn. Servilius Caepio
168 L. Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus II C. Licinius Crassus
167 Q. Aelius Paetus M. Junius Pennus
166 M. Claudius Marcellus I[22] C. Sulpicius Galus[22]
165 Cn. Octavius[22] T. Manlius Torquatus[22]
164 A. Manlius Torquatus Q. Cassius Longinus
163 Ti. Sempronius Gracchus II M'. Juventius Thalna
162 P. Cornelius Scipio Nasica Corculum I C. Marcius Figulus I
suff. P. Cornelius Lentulus Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus
161 M. Valerius Messalla C. Fannius Strabo
160 L. Anicius Gallus M. Cornelius Cethegus
159 Cn. Cornelius Dolabella M. Fulvius Nobilior
158 M. Aemilius Lepidus C. Popillius Laenas II
157 Sex. Julius Caesar L. Aurelius Orestes
156 L. Cornelius Lentulus Lupus C. Marcius Figulus II
155 P. Cornelius Scipio Nasica Corculum II M. Claudius Marcellus II
154 Q. Opimius L. Postumius Albinus
suff. M'. Acilius Glabrio
153 Q. Fulvius Nobilior T. Annius Luscus
152 M. Claudius Marcellus III L. Valerius Flaccus
151 L. Licinius Lucullus A. Postumius Albinus
150 T. Quinctius Flamininus M'. Acilius Balbus
149 L. Marcius Censorinus M'. Manilius
148 Sp. Postumius Albinus Magnus L. Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus
147 P. Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus I C. Livius Drusus
146 Cn. Cornelius Lentulus L. Mummius Achaicus
145 Q. Fabius Maximus Aemilianus L. Hostilius Mancinus
144 Ser. Sulpicius Galba L. Aurelius Cotta
143 Ap. Claudius Pulcher Q. Caecilius Metellus Macedonicus
142 L. Caecilius Metellus Calvus Q. Fabius Maximus Servilianus
141 Cn. Servilius Caepio Q. Pompeius
140 Q. Servilius Caepio[22] C. Laelius[22]
139 Cn. Calpurnius Piso M. Popillius Laenas
138 P. Cornelius Scipio Nasica Serapio D. Junius Brutus Callaicus
137 M. Aemilius Lepidus Porcina C. Hostilius Mancinus
136 L. Furius Philus Sex. Atilius Serranus
135 Ser. Fulvius Flaccus Q. Calpurnius Piso
134 P. Cornelius Scipio Africanus Aemilianus II C. Fulvius Flaccus
133 P. Mucius Scaevola L. Calpurnius Piso Frugi
132 P. Popillius Laenas P. Rupilius
131 P. Licinius Crassus Dives Mucianus L. Valerius Flaccus
130 M. Perperna[22] L. Cornelius Lentulus[22]
suff. Ap. Claudius Pulcher
129 C. Sempronius Tuditanus M'. Aquillius
128 Cn. Octavius T. Annius Rufus
127 L. Cassius Longinus Ravilla L. Cornelius Cinna
126 M. Aemilius Lepidus L. Aurelius Orestes
125 M. Plautius Hypsaeus M. Fulvius Flaccus
124 C. Cassius Longinus C. Sextius Calvinus
123 Q. Caecilius Metellus Balearicus T. Quinctius Flamininus
122 Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus C. Fannius
121 L. Opimius Q. Fabius Maximus Allobrogicus
120 P. Manilius C. Papirius Carbo
119 L. Caecilius Metellus Delmaticus L. Aurelius Cotta
118 M. Porcius Cato Q. Marcius Rex
117 L. Caecilius Metellus Diadematus Q. Mucius Scaevola Augur
116 C. Licinius Geta Q. Fabius Maximus Eburnus
115 M. Aemilius Scaurus M. Caecilius Metellus
114 M'. Acilius Balbus C. Porcius Cato
113 C. Caecilius Metellus Caprarius Cn. Papirius Carbo
112 M. Livius Drusus L. Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus
111 P. Cornelius Scipio Nasica L. Calpurnius Bestia
110 M. Minucius Rufus Sp. Postumius Albinus
109 Q. Caecilius Metellus (Numidicus) M. Junius Silanus
108 Ser. Sulpicius Galba M. Aurelius Scaurus
107 L. Cassius Longinus C. Marius I
suff. M. Aemilius Scaurus II
106 Q. Servilius Caepio[22] C. Atilius Serranus[22]
105 P. Rutilius Rufus Cn. Mallius Maximus
104 C. Marius II C. Flavius Fimbria
103 C. Marius III L. Aurelius Orestes
102 C. Marius IV Q. Lutatius Catulus
101 C. Marius V M'. Aquillius

First century BC (100–1)

Year Consul prior Consul posterior
100[64] C. Marius VI L. Valerius Flaccus
99 M. Antonius A. Postumius Albinus
98 Q. Caecilius Metellus Nepos T. Didius
97 Cn. Cornelius Lentulus P. Licinius Crassus
96 Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus C. Cassius Longinus
95 L. Licinius Crassus Q. Mucius Scaevola
94 C. Coelius Caldus L. Domitius Ahenobarbus
93 C. Valerius Flaccus M. Herennius
92 C. Claudius Pulcher M. Perperna
91 L. Marcius Philippus Sex. Julius Caesar
90 L. Julius Caesar P. Rutilius Lupus
89 Cn. Pompeius Strabo L. Porcius Cato
88 L. Cornelius Sulla I Q. Pompeius Rufus
87 Cn. Octavius L. Cornelius Cinna I
suff. L. Cornelius Merula
86 L. Cornelius Cinna II C. Marius VII
suff. L. Valerius Flaccus
85 L. Cornelius Cinna III Cn. Papirius Carbo I
84 Cn. Papirius Carbo II L. Cornelius Cinna IV
83 L. Cornelius Scipio Asiaticus C. Norbanus
82 C. Marius Cn. Papirius Carbo III
81 M. Tullius Decula Cn. Cornelius Dolabella
81 Dictator: L. Cornelius Sulla Felix
80[65] L. Cornelius Sulla Felix II Q. Caecilius Metellus Pius
79 P. Servilius Vatia Isauricus Ap. Claudius Pulcher
78 M. Aemilius Lepidus Q. Lutatius Catulus
77 D. Junius Brutus Mam. Aemilius Lepidus Livianus
76 Cn. Octavius C. Scribonius Curio
75 L. Octavius C. Aurelius Cotta
74 L. Licinius Lucullus M. Aurelius Cotta
73 M. Terentius Varro Lucullus C. Cassius Longinus
72 L. Gellius Cn. Cornelius Lentulus Clodianus
71 P. Cornelius Lentulus Sura Cn. Aufidius Orestes
70 Cn. Pompeius Magnus I M. Licinius Crassus I
69 Q. Hortensius Hortalus Q. Caecilius Metellus Creticus
68 L. Caecilius Metellus Q. Marcius Rex
suff. Servilius Vatia[66]
67 C. Calpurnius Piso M'. Acilius Glabrio
66 M'. Aemilius Lepidus L. Volcatius Tullus
65[67] consules designati
P. Cornelius Sulla P. Autronius Paetus
L. Aurelius Cotta L. Manlius Torquatus
64 L. Julius Caesar C. Marcius Figulus
63 M. Tullius Cicero C. Antonius Hybrida
62 D. Junius Silanus L. Licinius Murena
61 M. Pupius Piso Frugi Calpurnianus M. Valerius Messalla Niger
60 Q. Caecilius Metellus Celer L. Afranius
59 C. Julius Caesar I M. Calpurnius Bibulus
58 L. Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus A. Gabinius
57 P. Cornelius Lentulus Spinther Q. Caecilius Metellus Nepos
56 Cn. Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus L. Marcius Philippus
55 Cn. Pompeius Magnus II M. Licinius Crassus II
54 L. Domitius Ahenobarbus Ap. Claudius Pulcher
53 Cn. Domitius Calvinus I M. Valerius Messalla Rufus
52 Cn. Pompeius Magnus III Q. Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio
51 Ser. Sulpicius Rufus M. Claudius Marcellus
50 L. Aemilius Paullus C. Claudius Marcellus
49 C. Claudius Marcellus L. Cornelius Lentulus Crus
48 C. Julius Caesar II P. Servilius Isauricus I
47 Q. Fufius Calenus P. Vatinius
46 C. Julius Caesar III M. Aemilius Lepidus I
45 C. Julius Caesar IV sine collega
suff. Q. Fabius Maximus C. Trebonius
suff. C. Caninius Rebilus
44 C. Julius Caesar V M. Antonius I
suff. P. Cornelius Dolabella
43 C. Vibius Pansa Caetronianus A. Hirtius
suff. C. Julius Caesar (Octavianus) I Q. Pedius
suff. P. Ventidius Bassus C. Carrinas
42 M. Aemilius Lepidus II L. Munatius Plancus
41 L. Antonius Pietas P. Servilius Isauricus II
40 Cn. Domitius Calvinus II C. Asinius Pollio
suff. L. Cornelius Balbus P. Canidius Crassus
39[68] L. Marcius Censorinus C. Calvisius Sabinus
suff. P. Alfenus Varus (after October–December)
suff. C. Cocceius Balbus (December)
38[68] Ap. Claudius Pulcher (January–June) C. Norbanus Flaccus (January–August)
suff. L. Cornelius Lentulus (July–December)
suff. L. Marcius Philippus (September–December)
37 M. Vipsanius Agrippa I L. Caninius Gallus
suff. T. Statilius Taurus I
36[69] L. Gellius Poplicola (January–August) M. Cocceius Nerva (January–June)
suff. Q. Marcius (July–December)
suff. L. Nonius Asprenas (September–December)
35[68] L. Cornificius (January–August) Sex. Pompeius (January–June)
suff. P. Cornelius Dolabella (September–December)
suff. T. Peducaeus (July–December)
34[70] M. Antonius II (1 January only) L. Scribonius Libo (January–June)
suff. L. Sempronius Atratinus (2 January – June)
suff. Paullus Aemilius Lepidus (July–December) C. Memmius (July–August)
suff. M. Herennius Picens (September–December)
33[70] Imp. Caesar divi f. II (1 January only) L. Volcacius Tullus (January–April)
suff. L. Autronius Paetus (2 January – April)
suff. L. Flavius (May–June or August) C. Fonteius Capito (May–June or August)
suff. M. Acilius Glabrio (July–August or September)
suff. L. Vinicius (September–December)
suff. Q. Laronius (October–December)
32 Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus C. Sosius
suff. L. Cornelius (Balbus? Cinna?)[71] M. Valerius Messalla
31 M. Antonius III (only in the east) Imp. Caesar divi f. III
suff. M. Valerius Messalla Corvinus
suff. M. Titius
suff. Cn. Pompeius
30 Imp. Caesar divi f. IV M. Licinius Crassus
suff. C. Antistius Vetus
suff. M. Tullius Cicero
suff. L. Saenius
29 Imp. Caesar divi f. V Sex. Appuleius
suff. Potitus Valerius Messalla
28 Imp. Caesar divi f. VI M. Vipsanius Agrippa II
27 Imp. Caesar divi f. Augustus VII M. Vipsanius Agrippa III
26 Imp. Caesar divi f. Augustus VIII T. Statilius Taurus II
25 Imp. Caesar divi f. Augustus IX M. Junius Silanus
24 Imp. Caesar divi f. Augustus X C. Norbanus Flaccus
23[72] Imp. Caesar divi f. Augustus XI (January–June) Cn. Calpurnius Piso (January–December)[73]
suff. L. Sestius Albanianus Quirinalis (July–December)
22 M. Claudius Marcellus Aeserninus L. Arruntius
21 M. Lollius Q. Aemilius Lepidus
20 M. Appuleius P. Silius Nerva
19[74] C. Sentius Saturninus
(until some point between 1 August and 12 October)
sine collega
suff. M. Vinicius (before 12 October – December) Q. Lucretius Vespillo (before 12 October – December)
18 Publius Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus Cn. Cornelius Lentulus
17 C. Furnius C. Junius Silanus
16 L. Domitius Ahenobarbus P. Cornelius Scipio
suff. L. Tarius Rufus
15 M. Livius Drusus Libo L. Calpurnius Piso
14 M. Licinius Crassus Frugi Cn. Cornelius Lentulus Augur
13 Ti. Claudius Nero I P. Quinctilius Varus
12[75] M. Valerius Messalla Appianus (died 6 March) P. Sulpicius Quirinius (January–after 29 August)
suff. C. Valgius Rufus (March–after 29 August)
suff. C. Caninius Rebilus (until death in office) L. Volusius Saturninus (until December)
11 Q. Aelius Tubero Paullus Fabius Maximus
10 Africanus Fabius Maximus Iullus Antonius
9 Nero Claudius Drusus T. Quinctius Crispinus Sulpicianus
8 C. Marcius Censorinus C. Asinius Gallus
7 Ti. Claudius Nero II Cn. Calpurnius Piso
6 D. Laelius Balbus C. Antistius Vetus
5[76] Imp. Caesar divi f. Augustus XII (January – after 11 April) L. Cornelius Sulla (January – after 11 April)
suff. Q. Haterius (before 1 July – December) L. Vinicius (until 16 July or 13 August)
suff. C. Sulpicius Galba (until 31 December)
4 C. Calvisius Sabinus L. Passienus Rufus
suff. C. Caelius (Rufus?) Galus Sulpicius
3 L. Cornelius Lentulus M. Valerius Messalla Messallinus
2[77] Imp. Caesar divi f. Augustus XIII (January–August) M. Plautius Silvanus (January–June)
suff. L. Caninius Gallus (July–December)
suff. C. Fufius Geminus (September–October)
suff. Q. Fabricius (November–December)
1 Cossus Cornelius Lentulus (Gaetulicus) L. Calpurnius Piso
suff. A. Plautius A. Caecina Severus

First century (1–100)

Year Consul prior Consul posterior
1[78] C. Caesar (January–December) L. Aemilius Paullus (January–June)
suff. M. Herennius Picens (July–December)
2 P. Vinicius (January–June) P. Alfenus Varus
suff. P. Cornelius Lentulus Scipio (July–December) T. Quinctius Crispinus Valerianus
3 L. Aelius Lamia (January–June) M. Servilius
suff. P. Silius (July–December) L. Volusius Saturninus
4 Sex. Aelius Catus (January–June) C. Sentius Saturninus
suff. Cn. Sentius Saturninus (July–December) C. Clodius Licinus
5 L. Valerius Messalla Volesus (January–June) Cn. Cornelius Cinna Magnus
suff. C. Vibius Postumus (July–December) C. Ateius Capito
6 M. Aemilius Lepidus (January–December) L. Arruntius (January–June)
suff. L. Nonius Asprenas (July–December)
7 Q. Caecilius Metellus Creticus Silanus (January–December) A. Licinius Nerva Silianus (January–June)
suff. Lucilius Longus (July–December)
8 M. Furius Camillus (January–June) Sex. Nonius Quinctilianus
suff. L. Apronius (July–December) A. Vibius Habitus
9 C. Poppaeus Sabinus (January–June) Q. Sulpicius Camerinus
suff. M. Papius Mutilus (July–December) Q. Poppaeus Secundus
10 P. Cornelius Dolabella (January–June) C. Junius Silanus
suff. Ser. Cornelius Lentulus Maluginensis (July–December) Q. Junius Blaesus
11 M'. Aemilius Lepidus (January–June) T. Statilius Taurus (January–December)
suff. L. Cassius Longinus (July–December)
12 Germanicus Julius Caesar (January–December) C. Fonteius Capito (January–June)
suff. C. Visellius Varro (July–December)
13[79] C. Silius (January–June) L. Munatius Plancus (January–December)
suff. A. Caecina Largus (July–December)
14[80] Sex. Pompeius (January–December) Sex. Appuleius
15 Drusus Julius Caesar (January–December) C. Norbanus Flaccus (January–June)
suff. M. Junius Silanus (July–December)
16 Sisenna Statilius Taurus (January–June) L. Scribonius Libo
suff. C. Vibius Rufus (July–December) P. Pomponius Graecinus
17 L. Pomponius Flaccus (January–June) C. Caelius Rufus
suff. C. Vibius Marsus (July–December) L. Voluseius Proculus
18 Ti. Caesar Augustus III (January) Germanicus Julius Caesar II (January–April)
suff. L. Seius Tubero (February–July) Livineius Regulus (May–July)
suff. C. Rubellius Blandus (August–December) M. Vipstanus Gallus
19 M. Junius Silanus Torquatus (January–December) L. Norbanus Balbus (January–June)
suff. P. Petronius (July–December)
20 M. Valerius Messala Barbatus (January–December) M. Aurelius Cotta Maximus Messalinus
21 Ti. Caesar Augustus IV (January–June) Drusus Julius Caesar II
suff. Mam. Aemilius Scaurus (July–December) Cn. Tremellius
22[81] D. Haterius Agrippa C. Sulpicius Galba
suff. M. Cocceius Nerva[82] C. Vibius Rufinus[83]
23 C. Asinius Pollio (January–December) C. Antistius Vetus (January–June)
suff. C. Stertinius Maximus (July–December)
24 Ser. Cornelius Cethegus (January–June) L. Visellius Varro
suff. C. Calpurnius Aviola (July–December) P. Cornelius Lentulus Scipio
25 Cossus Cornelius Lentulus (January–August) M. Asinius Agrippa (January–December)
suff. C. Petronius (September–December)
26 Cn. Cornelius Lentulus Gaetulicus (January–June) C. Calvisius Sabinus
suff. Q. Junius Blaesus (July–December) L. Antistius Vetus
27 L. Calpurnius Piso (January–June) M. Licinius Crassus Frugi
suff. P. Cornelius Lentulus (July–December) C. Sallustius Passienus Crispus I
28 Ap. Junius Silanus (January–June) P. Silius Nerva
suff. L. Junius Silanus (July–December) C. Vellaeus Tutor
29 C. Fufius Geminus (January–June) L. Rubellius Geminus
suff. A. Plautius (July–December) L. Nonius Asprenas
30 L. Cassius Longinus (January–June) M. Vinicius
suff. L. Naevius Surdinus (July–December) C. Cassius Longinus
31[84] Ti. Caesar Augustus V (January-8 May) L. Aelius Seianus
suff. Faustus Cornelius Sulla (9 May – September) Sex. Tedius Valerius Catullus (9 May – June)
suff. L. Fulcinius Trio (July–December)
suff. P. Memmius Regulus (October–December)
32 Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus (January–December) L. Arruntius Camillus Scribonianus (January–June)
suff. A. Vitellius (July–December)
33 L. Livius Ocella Ser. Sulpicius Galba (January–June) L. Cornelius Sulla Felix
suff. L. Salvius Otho (July–December) C. Octavius Laenas
34 Paullus Fabius Persicus (January–June) L. Vitellius I
suff. Q. Marcius Barea Soranus (July–December) T. Rustius Nummius Gallus
35 C. Cestius Gallus (January–June) M. Servilius Nonianus
suff. D. Valerius Asiaticus (July–December) A. Gabinius Secundus
36 Sex. Papinius Allenius (January–June) Q. Plautius
suff. C. Vettius Rufus[85] (July–December) M. Porcius Cato
37[86] Cn. Acerronius Proculus (January–June) C. Petronius Pontius Nigrinus
suff. C. Caesar Augustus Germanicus (July–August) Ti. Claudius Nero Germanicus
suff. A. Caecina Paetus (September–December) C. Caninius Rebilus
38 M. Aquila Julianus (January–June) P. Nonius Asprenas Calpurnius Serranus
suff. Ser. Asinius Celer (July–December) Sex. Nonius Quinctilianus
39 C. Caesar Augustus Germanicus II (January) L. Apronius Caesianus (January–June)
suff. Q. Sanquinius Maximus (February–June)
suff. Cn. Domitius Corbulo (July–1 September) ignotus
suff. A. Didius Gallus (2 September–December) Cn. Domitius Afer
40 C. Caesar Augustus Germanicus III (to 13 January) sine collega
suff. C. Laecanius Bassus (January–June) Q. Terentius Culleo
41[87] C. Caesar Augustus Germanicus IV (January) Cn. Sentius Saturninus (January–June)
suff. Q. Pomponius Secundus (February–June)
suff. Q. Futius Lusius Saturninus (September–October) M. Seius Varanus
suff. Q. Ostorius Scapula[88] (November–December) P. Suillius Rufus
42 Ti. Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus II (January–February) C. Caecina Largus (January–December)
suff. C. Cestius Gallus (March–? June)
suff. Cornelius Lupus[89]
43[90] Ti. Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus III (January–February) L. Vitellius II
suff. Sex. Palpellius Hister (March–July) L. Pedanius Secundus
suff. A. Gabinius Secundus (August–September) ignotus
suff. Q. Curtius Rufus (October–December) Sp. Oppius[91]
44[92] C. Sallustius Crispus Passienus II (early January) T. Statilius Taurus (January–June)
suff. P. Calvisius Sabinus Pomponius Secundus (early January–June)
45 M. Vinicius II (January–February) T. Statilius Taurus Corvinus (January–June)
suff. Ti. Plautius Silvanus Aelianus (March–June)
suff. A. Antonius Rufus (July–? October) M. Pompeius Silvanus Staberius Flavianus
46 D. Valerius Asiaticus II (January–February) M. Junius Silanus (January–December)
suff. Camerinus Antistius Vetus (early March)[93]
suff. Q. Sulpicius Camerinus (early March – June)
suff. D. Laelius Balbus (July–August)
suff. C. Terentius Tullius Geminus (September–December)
47[94] Ti. Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus IV (January–February) L. Vitellius III
suff. C. Calpetanus Rantius Sedatus (March–April) M. Hordeonius Flaccus
suff. Cn. Hosidius Geta (July–December) T. Flavius Sabinus (July–August)
suff. L. Vagellius (September–October)
suff. C. Volasenna Severus (November–December)
48 A. Vitellius (January–June) L. Vipstanus Poplicola[95]
suff. L. Vitellius (July–December) Messalla Vipstanus Gallus
49 Q. Veranius (January–February) C. Pompeius Longus Gallus
suff. L. Mammius Pollio (March–June) Q. Allius Maximus
50 C. Antistius Vetus (January–? February) M. Suillius Nerullinus
51 Ti. Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus V (January–December) Ser. Cornelius Scipio Salvidienus Orfitus (January–June)
suff. L. Calventius Vetus Carminius (by September–October)
suff. T. Flavius Vespasianus (November–December)
52 Faustus Cornelius Sulla Felix (January–December) L. Salvius Otho Titianus I (January–June)
suff. Q. Marcius Barea Soranus (attested 10 August)
suff. L. Salvidienus Rufus Salvianus (attested 11 December)
53 D. Junius Silanus Torquatus (January–June) Q. Haterius Antoninus
suff. P. Trebonius (June–? October) Q. Caecina Primus
suff. P. Calvisius Ruso (? November–December)
54 M'. Acilius Aviola (January–June) M. Asinius Marcellus
suff. M. Aefulanus (After June)[96] ignotus
55[97] Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (January–February) L. Antistius Vetus[98]
suff. N. Cestius (March–April)
suff. P. Cornelius Dolabella (May–June) L. Annaeus Seneca (until October)
suff. M. Trebellius Maximus (July–August)
suff. P. Palfurius (September–October)
suff. Cn. Cornelius Lentulus Gaetulicus (November–December) T. Curtilius Mancia
56 Q. Volusius Saturninus (January–June) P. Cornelius (Lentulus?) Scipio
suff. L. Junius Gallio Annaeanus (July–August) T. Cutius Ciltus
suff. P. Sulpicius Scribonius Rufus (September–October) P. Sulpicius Scribonius Proculus
suff. L. Duvius Avitus (November–December) P. Clodius Thrasea Paetus
57[99] Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus II (January–December) L. Calpurnius Piso (January–June)
suff. L. Caesius Martialis (July–December)
58 Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus III (January–April) M. Valerius Messalla Corvinus (January–June)
suff. C. Fonteius Agrippa (May–June)
suff. A. Petronius Lurco (July–December) A. Paconius Sabinus
59 C. Vipstanus Apronianus (January–June) C. Fonteius Capito
suff. T. Sextius Africanus (July–December) M. Ostorius Scapula
60 Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus IV (January–June) Cossus Cornelius Lentulus
suff. C. Velleius Paterculus (July–October) M. Manilius Vopiscus
61 P. Petronius Turpilianus (January–June) L. Junius Caesennius Paetus
suff. Cn. Pedanius Fuscus Salinator (July–August) L. Velleius Paterculus
62[100] P. Marius[101] (January – April) Lucius Afinius Gallus
suff. Q. Manlius Ancharius Tarquitius Saturninus (May–August) P. Petronius Niger
suff. Q. Junius Marullus[102] (September–December) T. Clodius Eprius Marcellus
63 C. Memmius Regulus (January–June) L. Verginius Rufus
suff. T. Petronius Niger[103] (July–August) Q. Manlius Tarquitius Saturninus
64 C. Laecanius Bassus (January–June) M. Licinius Crassus Frugi
suff. C. Licinius Mucianus I (July–October) Q. Fabius Barbarus Antonius Macer
65 A. Licinius Nerva Silianus (January–June) M. Julius Vestinus Atticus (Killed self in April)
suff. P. Pasidienus Firmus (attested 18 June)[104]
suff. C. Pomponius Pius (attested 13 August) C. Anicius Cerialis
66 C. Luccius Telesinus (January–June) C. Suetonius Paullinus
suff.[105] M. Annius Afrinus (July–August) C. Paccius Africanus
suff. M. Arruntius Aquila (September–December) M. Vettius Bolanus
67 L. Julius Rufus (January–June) Fonteius Capito (January–May)
suff. L. Aurelius Priscus (June)
suff.[105] Ap. Annius Gallus (July–December) L. Verulanus Severus
68[106] Ti. Catius Asconius Silius Italicus (January–March) P. Galerius Trachalus
suff. Imp. Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus V (April–June) C. Luccius Telesinus II (May-June)
suff. C. Bellicius Natalis (September–December) P. Cornelius Scipio Asiaticus
69[107] Ser. Galba Imp. Caesar Augustus II (murdered 15 January) T. Vinius (Rufinus?) (murdered 15 January)
suff. M. Otho Caesar Augustus (15 January–28 February) L. Salvius Otho Titianus II
suff. L. Verginius Rufus II (March) L. Pompeius Vopiscus
suff. Cn. Arulenus Caelius Sabinus (April–June) T. Flavius Sabinus I
suff. Cn. Arrius Antoninus (July–August) A. Marius Celsus
suff. Fabius Valens (September–October) A. Caecina Alienus (September–30 October)
suff. Rosius Regulus (31 October)
suff. Cn. Caecilius Simplex (November−December) C. Quinctius Atticus
70[108] Imp. Caesar Vespasianus Augustus II (January–June) T. Caesar Vespasianus
suff. C. Licinius Mucianus II (July–August) Q. Petillius Cerealis Caesius Rufus
suff.[109] Q. Julius Cordinus C. Rutilius Gallicus (September–October) ignotus
suff. L. Annius Bassus (November–December) C. Laecanius Bassus Caecina Paetus
71[110] Imp. Caesar Vespasianus Augustus III (January–February) M. Cocceius Nerva I
suff. Caesar Domitianus (March–June) Cn. Pedius Cascus (March–April)
suff. C. Calpetanus Rantius Quirinalis Valerius Festus (May–June)
suff. L. Flavius Fimbria (July–August) C. Atilius Barbarus
suff.[111] Cn. Pompeius Collega (November–December) Q. Julius Cordus
72 Imp. Caesar Vespasianus Augustus IV (January–April) T. Caesar Vespasianus II
suff. C. Licinius Mucianus III (May–? June) T. Flavius Sabinus II
suff. M. Ulpius Traianus[109] (September–October)
suff.[112] Sex. Marcius Priscus (November–December) Cn. Pinarius Aemilius Cicatricula
73 Caesar Domitianus II (January–? February) L. Valerius Catullus Messallinus
suff. L. Aelius Oculatus (May–June) Q. Gavius Atticus
suff. M. Arrecinus Clemens I (July–? August) . ]m[ .....[113]
suff. Sex. Julius Frontinus ignotus
74 Imp. Caesar Vespasianus Augustus V (to 13 January) T. Caesar Vespasianus III (January–April)
suff. Ti. Plautius Silvanus Aelianus II (13 January – February)
suff. L. Junius Q. Vibius Crispus II (March–April)
suff. Q. Petillius Cerialis Caesius Rufus II (May–June) T. Clodius Eprius Marcellus II
suff. ignotus (July–August) .... ]on[.[114]
suff. C. Pomponius (September–October) L. Manlius Patruinus
suff. Cn. Domitius Tullus[115]
75 Imp. Caesar Vespasianus Augustus VI (to 13 January or February) T. Caesar Vespasianus IV (January–February)
suff. Caesar Domitianus III (13 January or March–April)
suff. L. Pasidienus Firmus (March–April)
76 Imp. Caesar Vespasianus Augustus VII (to 13 January or February) T. Caesar Vespasianus V (to 13 January or February or April)
suff. Caesar Domitianus IV (13 January or March–February or April)
suff. L. Tampius Flavianus II (March–April or May–June) M. Pompeius Silvanus Staberius Flavianus II
suff. Galeo Tettienus Petronianus (November–December) M. Fulvius Gillo
77 Imp. Caesar Vespasianus Augustus VIII (to 13 January or February) T. Caesar Vespasianus VI (January–June)
suff. Caesar Domitianus V (13 January or February – June)
suff. L. Pompeius Vopiscus C. Arruntius Catellius Celer (September–October) M. Arruntius Aquila
suff. Cn. Julius Agricola (November–December) ignotus
78 D. Junius Novius Priscus (? Rufus) (January–April) L. Ceionius Commodus
suff. Q. Corellius Rufus (September–October) L. Funisulanus Vettonianus
suff. Sex. Vitulasius Nepos ignotus
suff. Q. Articuleius Paetus I ignotus
79 Imp. Caesar Vespasianus Augustus IX (to 13 January) T. Caesar Vespasianus VII (January–February)
suff. Caesar Domitianus VI (13 January – February)
suff. L. Junius Caesennius Paetus (March–June) P. Calvisius Ruso[116]
suff. T. Rubrius Aelius Nepos (September–December) M. Arrius Flaccus
80 Imp. T. Caesar Vespasianus Augustus VIII (to 13 January) Caesar Domitianus VII
suff. A. Didius Gallus Fabricius Veiento II (13 January – February) L. Aelius Lamia Plautius Aelianus (13 January – June)
suff. Q. Aurelius Pactumeius Fronto (March–April)
suff. C. Marius Marcellus Octavius Publius Cluvius Rufus (May–June)
suff.[117] M. Atilius Postumus Bradua (July–August) Q. Pompeius Trio
suff.[118] Sex. Neranius Capito (September–October) L. Acilius Strabo
suff. M. Tittius Frugi (November–December) T. Vinicius Julianus
81 L. Flavius Silva Nonius Bassus (January–February) L. Asinius Pollio Verrucosus
suff. M. Roscius Coelius (March–April) C. Julius Juvenalis
suff. L. Vettius Paullus (May–June) T. Junius Montanus
suff. C. Scoedius Natta Pinarius (July–August) T. Tettienus Serenus
suff. L. Carminius Lusitanicus (September–October) M. Petronius Umbrinus
82 Imp. Caesar Domitianus Augustus VIII (to 13 January) T. Flavius Sabinus
suff. [? Servaeus In]noc(ens) (13 January – February) L. Salvius Otho Cocceianus[118]
suff. [ ... ]an(us)[119] (March–April) M'. Acilius Aviola[118]
suff. [C. Arinius Mo]dest(us)[120] (May–June) ignotus
suff.[121] P. Valerius Patruinus (July–August) L. Antonius Saturninus
suff. M. Larcius Magnus Pompeius Silo (September–October) T. Aurelius Quietus
83[122] Imp. Caesar Domitianus Augustus IX (to 13 January) Q. Petillius Rufus[123] (January–February)
suff. M. Annius Messalla (March–April) C. Fisius Sabinus
suff. L. Tettius Julianus (May–June) Terentius Strabo Erucius Homullus
suff. L. Calventius Sex. Carminius Vetus (September–October) M. Cornelius Nigrinus Curiatius Maternus
84 Imp. Caesar Domitianus Augustus X (to 13 January or ? February) C. Oppius Sabinus (January–February)
suff. L. Julius Ursus (July–August) ignotus
suff. C. Tullius Capito Pomponianus Plotius Firmus (September–October) C. Cornelius Gallicanus
suff. ignotus Gallus[124]
85[125] Imp. Caesar Domitianus Augustus XI (January–February) T. Aurelius Fulvus II
suff. Q. Julius Cordinus C. Rutilius Gallicus II (March–April) L. Valerius Catullus Messallinus II
suff. M. Arrecinus Clemens II (May–June) L. Baebius Honoratus
suff. P. Herennius Pollio (July–August) M. Annius Herennius Pollio
suff. D. Aburius Bassus (September–October) Q. Julius Balbus
suff.[126] C. Salvius Liberalis Nonius Bassus (November–December) [? Cornelius] Orestes
86 Imp. Caesar Domitianus Augustus XII (to 13 January) Ser. Cornelius Dolabella Petronianus (January–February)
suff. C. Secius Campanus[127] (13 January–February or April)
suff. incertus (March–April)[127] Q. Vibius Secundus (March–April)
suff. Sex. Octavius Fronto (May–August) Ti. Julius Candidus Marius Celsus
suff. A. Bucius Lappius Maximus (September–December) C. Octavius Tidius Tossianus L. Javolenus Priscus
87 Imp. Caesar Domitianus Augustus XIII (to 13 January) L. Volusius Saturninus (January–April)
suff. C. Calpurnius Piso Crassus Frugi Licinianus (13 January–April)
suff. C. Bellicius Natalis Gavidius Tebanianus[128] (May–August) C. Ducenius Proculus
suff. C. Cilnius Proculus (September–December) L. Neratius Priscus
88 Imp. Caesar Domitianus Augustus XIV (to 13 January) L. Minicius Rufus (January–April)
suff. D. Plotius Grypus (13 January – April)
suff. Q. Ninnius Hasta (May–August) L. Scribonius Libo Rupilius Frugi Bonus
suff. M. Otacilius Catulus (September–December) Sex. Julius Sparsus
89 T. Aurelius Fulvus (January–April) M. Asinius Atratinus
suff. P. Sallustius Blaesus (May–August) M. Peducaeus Saenianus
suff. A. Vicirius Proculus (September–December) M'. Laberius Maximus
90 Imp. Caesar Domitianus Augustus XV (to 13 January) M. Cocceius Nerva II (January–February)
suff. L. Cornelius Pusio Annius Messala (13 January – February)
suff. L. Antistius Rusticus (March–April) Ser. Julius Servianus
suff. Q. Accaeus Rufus (May–June) C. Caristanius Fronto
suff. P. Baebius Italicus (July–August) C. Aquillius Proculus
suff. L. Albius Pullaienus Pollio (September–October) Cn. Pinarius Aemilius Cicatricula Pompeius Longinus
suff. M. Tullius Cerialis[129] (November–December) Cn. Pompeius Catullinus
91 M'. Acilius Glabrio (January–April) M. Ulpius Trajanus
suff. D. Minicius Faustinus (May–August) P. Valerius Marinus
suff. Q. Valerius Vegetus (September–December) P. Metilius Sabinus Nepos
92 Imp. Caesar Domitianus Augustus XVI (to 13 January) Q. Volusius Saturninus (January–April)
suff. L. Venuleius Montanus Apronianus (13 January – April)
suff. L. Stertinius Avitus (May–August) Ti. Julius Celsus Polemaeanus
suff. C. Julius Silanus (September–December) Q. Junius Arulenus Rusticus
93[130] Sex. Pompeius Collega (January–April) Q. Peducaeus Priscinus
suff.[131] T. Avidius Quietus (May–August) Sex. Lusianus Proculus
suff. C. Cornelius Rarus Sextius Na(so?) (September–December) [? Tuccius Ceria]lis
94 L. Nonius Calpurnius Torquatus Asprenas (January–April) T. Sextius Magius Lateranus
suff. M. Lollius Paulinus D. Valerius Asiaticus Saturninus (May–August) C. Antius A. Julius Quadratus
suff. L. Silius Decianus (September–December) T. Pomponius Bassus
95 Imp. Caesar Domitianus Augustus XVII (to 13 January) T. Flavius Clemens (January–April)
suff. L. Neratius Marcellus (13 January – April)
suff. A. Bucius Lappius Maximus II (May–August) P. Ducenius Verus
suff. Q. Pomponius Rufus (September–December) L. Baebius Tullus
96 C. Manlius Valens (January–April) C. Antistius Vetus
suff. Q. Fabius Postuminus (May–August) T. Prifernius [Paetus]
suff. Ti. Catius Caesius Fronto (September–December) M. Calpurnius [...]icus
97[132] Imp. Nerva Caesar Augustus III (January–February) L. Verginius Rufus III
suff. Cn. Arrius Antoninus II (March–April) (C.?) Calpurnius Piso
suff. M. Annius Verus I (May–June) L. Neratius Priscus
suff. L. Domitius Apollinaris (July–August) Sex. Hermentidius Campanus
suff. Q. Glitius Atilius Agricola (September–October) L. Pomponius Maternus[133]
suff. P. Cornelius Tacitus (November–December) M. Ostorius Scapula[134]
98[135] Imp. Nerva Caesar Augustus IV (to 13 January) Imp. Caesar Nerva Trajanus II (January–June)
suff. Cn. Domitius Afer Curvius Tullus II (13 January–31 January)
suff. Sex. Julius Frontinus II (February)
suff. L. Julius Ursus II (March)
suff. T. Vestricius Spurinna II (April)
suff. C. Pomponius Pius (May–June)
suff. A. Vicirius Martialis (July–August) L. Maecius Postumus
suff. C. Pomponius Rufus Acilius [Pri]scus Coelius Sparsus
(September–October)
Cn. Pompeius Ferox Licinianus
suff.[136] Q. Fulvius Gillo Bittius Proculus (November–December) P. Julius Lupus
99 A. Cornelius Palma Frontonianus (January–?) Q. Sosius Senecio
suff. P. Sulpicius Lucretius Barba (June–July) Senecio Memmius Afer
suff. Q. Fabius Barbarus Valerius Magnus Julianus (August–?) A. Caecilius Faustinus
suff. Ti. Julius Ferox[137] ignotus
100 Imp. Caesar Nerva Trajanus Augustus III (January) Sex. Julius Frontinus III (January–February)
suff. L. Julius Ursus III (January–February)
suff. M. Marcius Macer (March–April) C. Cilnius Proculus
suff. L. Herennius Saturninus (May–June) Pomponius Mamilianus
suff. Q. Acutius Nerva (July–August) L. Fabius Tuscus
suff. C. Julius Cornutus Tertullus (September–October) C. Plinius Caecilius Secundus
suff. L. Roscius Aelianus Maecius Celer (November–December) Ti. Claudius Sacerdos Julianus

Second century (101–200)

Year Consul prior Consul posterior
101[138] Imp. Caesar Nerva Trajanus Augustus IV (January) Q. Articuleius Paetus II (January–March)
suff. Sex. Attius Suburanus Aemilianus (February–March)
suff. C. Sertorius Brocchus Q. Servaeus Innocens (April–May) M. Maecius Celer
suff. [...]us Proculus (Sometime between May and October) ignotus
suff.[139] L. Arruntius Stella (attested October) L. Julius Marinus Caecilius Simplex
102 L. Julius Ursus Servianus II (January–April) L. Licinius Sura II (January–February)
suff. L. Fabius Justus (March–April)
suff.[140] T. Didius Secundus (May–August) L. Publilius Celsus
suff. L. Antonius Albus (September–December) M. Junius Homullus
103 Imp. Caesar Nerva Trajanus Augustus V (January) M'. Laberius Maximus II (January–March)
suff. Q. Glitius Atilius Agricola II (January–March)
suff. P. Metilius Nepos (April–June) Q. Baebius Macer
suff. [? M. Flavius Ap]er[141] (July–September) C. Trebonius Proculus Mettius Modestus
suff. (A?)nnius Mela (October–December) P. Calpurnius Macer Caulius Rufus
104 Sex. Attius Suburanus Aemilianus II M. Asinius Marcellus
105 Ti. Julius Candidus Marius Celsus II (January–March) C. Antius A. Julius Quadratus II
suff. C. Julius Quadratus Bassus (May–August) Cn. Afranius Dexter (May–15 July)
suff. Q. Caelius Honoratus (July–August)
suff. M. Vitorius Marcellus (September–December) C. Caecilius Strabo
106 L. Ceionius Commodus Sex. Vettulenus Civica Cerialis
suff. L. Minicius Natalis Q. Licinius Silvanus Granianus Quadronius Proculus
107 L. Licinius Sura III (January–February or April)[142] Q. Sosius Senecio II
suff. Acilius Rufus[143] (March–April)
suff. C. Minicius Fundanus (May–August) C. Vettennius Severus
suff. C. Julius Longinus (September–December) C. Valerius Paullinus
108 Ap. Annius Trebonius Gallus (January–?) M. Appius Bradua
suff. P. Aelius Hadrianus (attested 22 June) M. Trebatius Priscus
suff.[144] Q. Pompeius Falco (attested 27 July) M. Titius Lustricus Bruttianus
109 A. Cornelius Palma Frontonianus II (January–February) P. Calvisius Tullus Ruso (January–April)
suff. L. Annius Largus (March–April)
suff. Cn. Antonius Fuscus (May–August) C. Julius Antiochus Epiphanes Philopappus
suff. C. Aburnius Valens (September–December) C. Julius Proculus
110 M. Peducaeus Priscinus (January–March) Ser. Cornelius Scipio Salvidienus Orfitus
suff. C. Avidius Nigrinus (April–June) Ti. Julius Aquila Polemaeanus
suff. L. Catilius Severus Julianus Claudius Reginus (July–September) C. Erucianus Silo
suff. A. Larcius Priscus (October–December) Sex. Marcius Honoratus
111 C. Calpurnius Piso (January–April) M. Vettius Bolanus
suff. T. Avidius Quietus (May–August) L. Eggius Marullus
suff. L. Octavius Crassus (September–December) P. Coelius Apollinaris
112 Imp. Caesar Nerva Trajanus Augustus VI (January) T. Sextius Cornelius Africanus (January–March)
suff. [M. ?] Licinius Ruso (January–March)
suff. Cn. Pinarius Cornelius Severus (April–June) L. Mummius Niger Q. Valerius Vegetus
suff. P. Stertinius Quartus (July–September) T. Julius Maximus Manlianus Brocchus Servilianus
suff. C. Claudius Severus (October–December) T. Settidius Firmus
113 L. Publilius Celsus II (January) C. Clodius Crispinus (January–April)
suff. Ser. Cornelius Dolabella Metilianus Pompeius Marcellus (February–April)
suff. L. Stertinius Noricus (May–August) L. Fadius Rufinus
suff. Cn. Cornelius Urbicus (September–December) T. Sempronius Rufus
114 Q. Ninnius Hasta (January–April) P. Manilius Vopiscus Vicinillianus
suff. C. Clodius Nummus (May–August) L. Caesennius Sospes[145]
suff. L. Hedius Rufus Lollianus Avitus (September–December) M. Messius Rusticus[146]
115 L. Vipstanus Messalla (January–April) M. Pedo Vergilianus (January)
suff. T. Statilius Maximus Severus Hadrianus (February–April)
suff. L. Julius Frugi (May–August) P. Juventius Celsus T. Aufidius Hoenius Severianus
suff. M. Pompeius Macrinus Neos Theophanes (September–December) T. Vibius Varus
116[147] L. Fundanius Lamia Aelianus (January–March) Sex. Carminius Vetus
suff. Ti. Julius Secundus (April–June) M. Egnatius Marcellinus
suff. D. Terentius Gentianus (July–September) L. Co[...][148]
suff. L. Statius Aquila (October–December) C. Julius Alexander Berenicianus
117 Q. Aquilius Niger (January–? March) M. Rebilus Apronianus
suff. L. Cossonius Gallus (attested 16 August) P. Afranius Flavianus
suff. ignotus (attested 8 September) Cn. Minicius Faustinus
118[149] Imp. Caesar Trajanus Hadrianus Augustus II (January–June) Cn. Pedanius Fuscus Salinator (January–February)
suff. Bellicius Tebanianus (March)
suff. C. Ummidius Quadratus (attested May)
suff. L. Pomponius Bassus (attested 9 July and 31 August) T. Sabinius Barbarus
119[150] Imp. Caesar Traianus Hadrianus Augustus III (January–April) P. Dasumius Rusticus (January–February)
suff. A. Platorius Nepos (March–April)
suff. M. Paccius Silvanus Q. Coredius Gallus Gargilius Antiquus (May–June) Q. Vibius Gallus
suff. C. Herennius Capella (November–December) L. Coelius Rufus
120[151] L. Catilius Severus Julianus Claudius Reginus II T. Aurelius Fulvus Boionius Arrius Antoninus I
suff. C. Quinctius Certus Poblicius Marcellus (May–June) T. Rutilius Propinquus
suff. C. Arminius Gallus[152] (attested 19 October) C. Atilius Serranus
121 M. Annius Verus II (January–February) Cn. Arrius Augur
suff. M. Herennius Faustus (March–April) Q. Pomponius Marcellus
suff. T. Pomponius Antistianus Funisulanus Vettonianus (May–June) L. Pomponius Silvanus
suff. M. Statorius Secundus (July–August) L. Sempronius Merula Auspicatus
122[149] M'. Acilius Aviola L. Corellius Neratius Pansa
suff. Ti. Julius Candidus Capito (attested 17 July) L. Vitrasius Flamininus
suff. C. Trebius Maximus (attested 18 November) T. Calestrius Tiro Orbius Speratus
123[153] Q. Articuleius Paetinus L. Venuleius Apronianus Octavius Priscus
suff. T. Prifernius Geminus (attested 16 June) P. Metilius Secundus
suff. T. Salvius Rufinus Minicius Opimianus (attested 10 August) Cn. Sentius Aburnianus
124[154] M'. Acilius Glabrio (January–April) C. Bellicius Flaccus Torquatus Tebanianus
suff. A. Larcius Macedo (May–August) P. Ducenius Verres
suff. C. Julius Gallus (September–December) C. Valerius Severus
125 M. Lollius Paulinus D. Valerius Asiaticus Saturninus II L. Titius Epidius Aquilinus
suff. Q. Vetina Verus[155] (attested 1 June) P. Lucius Cosconianus
126 M. Annius Verus III (January–February) C. Eggius Ambibulus
suff. L. Valerius Propinquus (From 1 March)
suff. L. Cuspius Camerinus (attested 1 July) C. Saenius Severus
127 T. Atilius Rufus Titianus (January–March) M. Gavius Squilla Gallicanus
suff. P. Tullius Varro (April) [D.?] Junius Paetus
suff. Q. Tineius Rufus (May–September) M. Licinius Celer Nepos
suff. L. Aemilius Juncus (October–December) Sex. Julius Severus
128 L. Nonius Calpurnius Torquatus Asprenas II (January) M. Annius Libo (January–March)
suff. L. Caesennius Antoninus (February–March)
suff. M. Junius Mettius Rufus (April–June) Q. Pomponius Maternus
suff. L. Valerius Flaccus (July–September) M. [Junius Homullus ?][156]
suff. A. Egrilius Plarianus (October–December) Q. [Planius Sardus Varius Ambibulus ?][157]
129 P. Juventius Celsus T. Aufidius Hoenius Severianus II (January – after 22 March) L. Neratius Marcellus II (January–? February)
suff. Q. Julius Balbus (attested 22 March)
130 Q. Fabius Catullinus (January–February) M. Flavius Aper
suff. Cassius Agrippa (or Agrippinus) (attested 19 March) Ti. Claudius Quartinus
131[158] Sergius Octavius Laenas Pontianus (January–April) M. Antonius Rufinus
suff. L. Fabius Gallus (May–August) Q. Fabius Julianus
132 C. Junius Serius Augurinus (January–April) C. Trebius Sergianus
suff. C. Acilius Priscus (September–December) A. Cassius Arrianus
133 M. Antonius Hiberus (January–April) P. Mummius Sisenna
suff. Q. Flavius Tertullus (May–August) Q. Junius Rusticus
suff. Ti. Claudius Atticus Herodes (September–December) P. Sufenas Verus
134 L. Julius Ursus Servianus III (January–March) T. Vibius Varus (January–April)
suff. T. Haterius Nepos (attested 2 April)
suff. P. Licinius Pansa (attested September–December) L. Attius Macro
135 L. Tutilius Lupercus Pontianus (January–April) P. Calpurnius Atilianus (Atticus Rufus?)
suff. M. Cutius Priscus Messius Rusticus Aemilius Papus
Arrius Proculus Julius Celsus
(May–August)
L. Burbuleius Optatus Ligarianus
suff. P. Rutilius Fabianus (September–December) Cn. Papirius Aelianus Aemilius Tuscillus
136[159] L. Ceionius Commodus I Sex. Vettulenus Civica Pompeianus
137 L. Aelius Caesar II P. Coelius Balbinus Vibullius Pius
138[160] Kanus Junius Niger (January–March) C. Pomponius Camerinus
suff. M. Vindius Verus (April–June) P. Pactumeius Clemens (in absentia)
suff. P. Cassius Secundus (October–December) Marcus Nonius Mucianus
139 Imp. Caesar T. Aelius Hadrianus Antoninus Augustus Pius II (January–April) C. Bruttius Praesens L. Fulvius Rusticus II
suff. L. Minicius Natalis Quadronius Verus (July–August) L. Claudius Proculus
suff. ignotus (September–October) C. Julius Scapula
suff. M. Ceccius Justinus (November–December) C. Julius Bassus
140 Imp. Caesar T. Aelius Hadrianus Antoninus Augustus Pius III (January) M. Aurelius Caesar (January–April)
suff. Q. Antonius Isauricus (May) L. Aurelius Flaccus
suff. Julius Crassipes (between June and October) ignotus
suff. M. Barbius Aemilianus (November–December) T. Flavius Julianus
141 T. Hoenius Severus (January–February) M. Peducaeus Stloga Priscinus
suff. C. Julius Pisibanus (May–June) (Larcius?) Lepidus
suff. T. Caesernius Statianus (September–October) ignotus
suff. L. Annius Fabianus (November–December) ignotus
142[161] L. Cuspius Pactumeius Rufinus (January–March) L. Statius Quadratus
suff. L. Granius Castus (April–June) Ti. Junius Julianus
suff. M. Cornelius Fronto (July–August) C. Laberius Priscus
suff. L. Tusidius Campester (September–October) Q. Cornelius Senecio Annianus
suff. [? Sulpicius] Julianus (November–December) T. Julius Castus
143 C. Bellicius Flaccus Torquatus (January–March) L. Vibullius Hipparchus Ti. Claudius Atticus Herodes
suff. Q. Junius Calamus (attested 7 August) M. Valerius Junianus
144 L. Hedius Rufus Lollianus Avitus (January–February) T. Statilius Maximus
suff. L. Aemilius Carus (attested 19 March) Q. Egrilius Plarianus
suff. ignotus (attested 7 September) Q. Laberius Licinianus
suff. L. Marcius Celer M. Calpurnius Longus (attested 18 December) D. Velius Fidus
145 Imp. Caesar T. Aelius Hadrianus Antoninus Augustus Pius IV (January–February) M. Aurelius Caesar II
suff. L. Plautius Lamia Silvanus (March–April) L. Poblicola Priscus
suff. Cn. Arrius Cornelius Proculus (May–June) D. Junius (Paetus?)
suff. Q. Mustius Priscus (July–August) M. Pontius Laelianus
suff. L. Petronius Sabinus (September–October) C. Vicrius Rufus
suff. C. Fadius Rufus (November–December) P. Vicrius
146 Sex. Erucius Clarus II (January–February) Cn. Claudius Severus Arabianus (January–April)
suff. Q. Licinius Modestinus (Sex.?) Attius Labeo (March–April)
suff. P. Mummius Sisenna Rutilianus (May–June) T. Prifernius Paetus Rosianus Nonius Agricola C. Labeo Tetius Geminus
suff. Cn. Terentius Homullus Iunior (July–August) L. Aurelius Gallus
suff. Q. Voconius Saxa Fidus (September–October) C. Annianus Verus
suff. L. Aemilius Longus (November–December) Q. Cornelius Proculus
147 C. Prastina Messalinus (January–March) L. Annius Largus
suff. A. Claudius Charax (April–June) Q. Fuficius Cornutus
suff. Cupressenus Gallus (July–September) Q. Cornelius Quadratus
suff. Sex. Cocceius Severianus Honorinus (October–December) Ti. Licinius Cassius Cassianus (October–?)
suff. C. Popilius Carus Pedo (to December)
148 L. Octavius Cornelius P. Salvius Julianus Aemilianus (January–March) C. Bellicius Calpurnius Torquatus
suff. Satyrius Firmus (April–June) C. Salvius Capito
suff. L. Coelius Festus (July–September) P. Orfidius Senecio
suff. C. Fabius Agrippinus (October–December) M. Antonius Zeno
149 L. Sergius Salvidienus Scipio Orfitus[162] (January–? February) Q. Pompeius Sosius Priscus
suff. Q. Passienus Licinus (attested 5 July) C. Julius Avitus
150 M. Gavius Squilla Gallicanus (January–February) Sex. Carminius Vetus
suff. --]mus (attested 27 May) C. La[berius Priscus][163]
suff. M. Cassius Apollinaris (attested 1 August) M. Petronius Mamertinus
151 Sex. Quintilius Condianus (January–March) Sex. Quintilius Valerius Maximus
suff. M. Cominius Secundus (attested 24 September) L. Attidius Cornelianus
suff. C. Curtius Justus (attested 2 October) P. Julius Nauto
152 M'. Acilius Glabrio Cn. Cornelius Severus (January–March) M. Valerius Homullus
suff. P. Sufenas [? Verus] (April–June) L. Dasumius Tullius Tuscus
suff. C. Novius Priscus (July–September) L. Julius Romulus
suff. P. Cluvius Maximus Paulinus (October–December) M. Servilius Silanus
153 L. Fulvius Rusticus C. Bruttius Praesens I (January–March) A. Junius Rufinus
suff. Sex. Caecilius Maximus[164] (April–June) M. Pontius Sabinus
suff. P. Septimius Aper (July–September) M. Sedatius Severianus Julius Acer Metilius
Nepos Rufinus Ti. Rutilianus Censor
suff. C. Cattius Marcellus (October–December) Q. Petiedius Gallus
154 L. Aelius Aurelius Commodus I (January–March) T. Sextius Lateranus
suff. [Prifernius ?] Paetus (April–June) M. Nonius Macrinus
suff. M. Valerius Etruscus (?)[165] (July–August) L. [Aemilius Iuncus ?][166]
suff. Ti. Claudius Julianus (September–October) Sex. Calpurnius Agricola
suff. C. Julius Statius Severus (November–December) T. Junius Severus
155 C. Julius Severus (January–March) M. Junius Rufinus Sabinianus
suff. C. Aufidius Victorinus (April–June) M. Gavius ...[167]
suff. Antius Pollio (attested 3 November) Minicius Opimianus[168]
suff. [? D. Rupilius] Severus (attested 11 December) L. Julius T. Statilius Severus
156 M. Ceionius Silvanus (January–February) C. Serius Augurinus
suff. A. Avillius Urinatius Quadratus (attested 7–14 March) Strabo Aemilianus
suff. Q. Canusius Praenestinus (attested 13 December) C. Lusius Sparsus
157 M. Vettulenus Civica Barbarus (January–March) M. Metilius Aquillius Regulus Nepos Volusius Torquatus Fronto
suff. L. Roscius Aelianus (April-? June) Cn. Papirius Aelianus
suff. C. Julius Commodus Orfitianus (attested 28 September) C. Caelius Secundus
suff. Q. Vilius Proculus[169] (attested 6 December) Q. [...]binus
158 Sextus Sulpicius Tertullus (January–March ?) Q. Tineius Sacerdos Clemens
suff. M. Servilius Fabianus Maximus (attested 8 July) Q. Iallius Bassus
suff. Q. Pomponius Musa (attested 27 December) L. Cassius Juvenalis
159 Plautius Quintillus (January–March) M. Statius Priscus Licinius Italicus
suff. M. Pisibanius Lepidus (April–June) L. Matuccius Fuscinus
suff. Publius Cornelius Dexter (July–September) ignotus
suff. A. Curtius Crispinus (October–December) ignotus
160 Appius Annius Atilius Bradua (January–February) T. Clodius Vibius Varus
suff. A. Platorius Nepos Calpurnianus (March–April) M. Postumius Festus
suff. [? C. Septimius] Severus[170] (May–June) [...] Flavus[171]
suff. C. Prastina Pacatus (July–September) M. Censorius Paulus[172]
suff. Ti. Oclatius Severus (October–December) [Q.?] Ninnius Hastianus (October-?)
suff. [... N]ovius Sabinianus (attested 18 December)
161 M. Aurelius Caesar III (1–13 January or 31 January) L. Aelius Aurelius Commodus II
suff. M. Annius Libo (13 or 31 January–? March) Q. Camurius Numisius Junior
suff. [? Julius] Geminus Capellianus (attested 26 October) T. Flavius Boethus
162[173] Q. Junius Rusticus II L. Titius Plautius Aquilinus
suff.[174] Ti. Claudius Paullinus (attested 23 August) Ti. Claudius Pompeianus
suff. D. Fonteius Frontinianus L. Stertinius Rufus ignotus
suff. M. Insteius Bithynicus ignotus
163 M. Pontius Laelianus A. Junius Pastor L. Caesennius Sospes
164 M. Pompeius Macrinus P. Juventius Celsus
suff. Ti. Haterius Saturninus (attested 19 and 21 July) Q. Caecilius Avitus
165[161] M. Gavius Orfitus L. Arrius Pudens
166 Q. Servilius Pudens L. Fufidius Pollio
suff. M. Vibius Liberalis (attested 23 March) P. Martius Verus
167 Imp. Caesar L. Aurelius Verus Augustus III M. Ummidius Quadratus
suff. Q. Caecilius Dentilianus (attested 5 May) M. Antonius Pallas
168 L. Venuleius Apronianus Octavius Priscus II L. Sergius Paullus II
suff. Q. Tullius Maximus[175] ignotus
169 Q. Pompeius Senecio Sosius Priscus P. Coelius Apollinaris
170 C. Erucius Clarus M. Gavius Cornelius Cethegus
suff. T. Hoenius Severus ignotus
171 T. Statilius Severus L. Alfidius Herennianus
172 Ser. Calpurnius Scipio Orfitus Sex. Quintilius Maximus
suff. C. Modius Justus ignotus
173 Cn. Claudius Severus II Ti. Claudius Pompeianus II
174 L. Aurelius Gallus Q. Volusius Flaccus Cornelianus
suff. M. Aemilius Macer Saturninus ignotus
175 L. Calpurnius Piso P. Salvius Julianus
suff. P. Helvius Pertinax M. Didius Severus Julianus
176 T. Pomponius Proculus Vitrasius Pollio II M. Flavius Aper II
177 L. Aelius Aurelius Commodus Caesar I M. Peducaeus Plautius Quintillus
178 Ser. Cornelius Scipio Salvidienus Orfitus D. Velius Rufus (Julianus?)
179 Imp. Caesar L. Aelius Aurelius Commodus Augustus II P. Martius Verus II
suff.[176] T. Flavius Claudianus (attested 21 March) L. Aemilius Iuncus
suff.[177] M'. Acilius Faustinus (attested 1 April) L. Julius Proculianus
180 L. Fulvius Rusticus C. Bruttius Praesens II Sex. Quintilius Condianus
181[178] Imp. Caesar L. Aurelius Commodus Augustus III L. Antistius Burrus
182 M. Petronius Sura Mamertinus Q. Tineius Rufus
suff. (?) Aurelianus (attested 15 May) (L. Attidius?) Cornelianus
183 Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Commodus Antoninus Augustus IV C. Aufidius Victorinus II
suff. L. Tutilius Pontianus Gentianus (attested 8 February) ignotus
suff. M. Herennius Secundus (attested 13 and 20 May) M. Egnatius Postumus
suff. T. Pactumeius Magnus (After 20 May) L. Septimius Flaccus
184 L. Cossonius Eggius Marullus Cn. Papirius Aelianus
suff. C. Octavius Vindex (attested 18 May) Cassius Apronianus[179]
185 Triarius Maternus Lascivius Ti. Claudius M. Ap. Atilius Bradua Regillus Atticus
186 Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Commodus Antoninus Augustus V M'. Acilius Glabrio II
suff. L. Novius Rufus (attested 25 May) L. Annius Ravus[180]
suff. C. Sabucius Maior Caecilianus (attested 24 and 27 November) Valerius Senecio
187 L. Bruttius Quintius Crispinus L. Roscius Aelianus Paculus
188 P. Seius Fuscianus II M. Servilius Silanus II
189 Dulius Silanus Q. Servilius Silanus
suff. Severus (attested 27 May) Vitellius
190 Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Commodus Antoninus Augustus VI M. Petronius Sura Septimianus
suff. L. Septimius Severus (May–?) Apuleius Rufinus[181]
191 Popilius Pedo Apronianus M. Valerius Bradua Mauricus
192 Imp. Caesar L. Aelius Aurelius Commodus Augustus VII P. Helvius Pertinax II
193[182] Q. Pompeius Sosius Falco C. Julius Erucius Clarus Vibianus
suff. Q. Tineius Sacerdos (March) P. Julius Scapula Priscus
suff. M. Silius Messala (May) ignotus
suff. L. Julius Messala Rutilianus (July) C. Aemilius Severus Cantabrinus
suff. L. Fabius Cilo Septiminus Catinius Acilianus Lepidus Fulcinianus[183]
194 Imp. Caesar L. Septimius Severus Pertinax Augustus II D. Clodius Septimius Albinus Caesar II
suff. C. Gabinius Barbarus Pompeianus ignotus
195 P. Julius Scapula Tertullus Priscus Q. Tineius Clemens
196 C. Domitius Dexter II L. Valerius Messalla Thrasea Priscus
197 T. Sextius Magius Lateranus Cuspius Rufinus[184]
198 P. Martius Sergius Saturninus L. Aurelius Gallus
suff. Q. Anicius Faustus[185] ignotus
199 P. Cornelius Anullinus II M. Aufidius Fronto
200 Ti. Claudius Severus Proculus C. Aufidius Victorinus

Third century (201–300)

Year Consul prior Consul posterior
201 L. Annius Fabianus M. Nonius Arrius Mucianus
202 Imp. Caesar L. Septimius Severus Pertinax Augustus III Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Antoninus Augustus
suff.[186] T. Murrenius Severus C. Cassius Regallianus
203 C. Fulvius Plautianus P. Septimius Geta II
204 L. Fabius Cilo Septiminus Catinius Acilianus Lepidus Fulcinianus II M. Annius Flavius Libo
suff. L. Pomponius Liberalis[187] ignotus
205 Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Antoninus Augustus II P. Septimius Geta Caesar
206 M. Nummius Umbrius Primus Senecio Albinus L. Fulvius Gavius Numisius Petronius Aemilianus
suff.[188] P. Tullius Marsus (attested 10 December) M. Caelius Faustinus
207 L. Annius Maximus[189] C. Septimius Severus Aper
208 Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Antoninus Augustus III P. Septimius Geta Caesar II
209 L. Aurelius Commodus Pompeianus Q. Hedius Lollianus Plautius Avitus
210 M'. Acilius Faustinus A. Triarius Rufinus
211 Hedius Lollianus Terentius Gentianus Pomponius Bassus
212 C. Julius Asper II C. Julius Camilius Asper
suff. (Cn. Claudius ?) Severus (May - June) (Ti. Claudius ?) Pompeianus
213 Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Severus Antoninus Augustus IV D. Caelius Calvinus Balbinus II
214 L. Valerius Messalla C. Octavius Appius Suetrius Sabinus
215 Q. Maecius Laetus II M. Munatius Sulla Cerialis
216 P. Catius Sabinus II P. Cornelius Anullinus
217 C. Bruttius Praesens T. Messius Extricatus II
218 Imp. Caesar M. Opellius Severus Macrinus Augustus II M. Oclatinius Adventus
suff. Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Antoninus Augustus (from 8 June)
219 Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Antoninus Augustus II Q. Tineius Sacerdos II
220 Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Antoninus Augustus III P. Valerius Comazon
221 C. Vettius Gratus Sabinianus M. Flavius Vitellius Seleucus
222 Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Antoninus Augustus IV M. Aurelius Alexander Caesar I
223 L. Marius Maximus Perpetuus Aurelianus II L. Roscius Aelianus Paculus Salvius Julianus
224 Ap. Claudius Julianus II C. Bruttius Crispinus
225 Ti. Manilius Fuscus II Ser. Calpurnius Domitius Dexter
226 Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Severus Alexander Augustus II C. Aufidius Marcellus II
227 M. Nummius Senecio Albinus M. Laelius Fulvius Maximus Aemilianus
228 Q. Aiacius Modestus Crescentianus II M. Pomponius Maecius Probus
229 Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Severus Alexander Augustus III L. Claudius Cassius Dio Cocceianus II
230 L. Virius Agricola Sex. Catius Clementinus Priscillianus
231 L. Ti. Claudius Pompeianus T. Flavius Sallustius Paelignianus
232 L. Virius Lupus Julianus L. Marius Maximus
233 L. Valerius Maximus Acilius Priscillianus Cn. Cornelius Paternus
234 M. Clodius Pupienus Maximus II M. Munatius Sulla Urbanus[190]
235 Cn. Claudius Severus L. Ti. Claudius Quintianus
236[191] Imp. Caesar C. Julius Verus Maximinus Augustus M. Pupienus Africanus Maximus
237 L. Marius Perpetuus L. Mummius Felix Cornelianus
238 [? L.] Fulvius Pius Pontius Proculus Pontianus
239 Imp. Caesar M. Antonius Gordianus Augustus M'. Acilius Aviola
240 C. Octavius Appius Suetrius Sabinus II L. Ragonius Venustus
241 Imp. Caesar M. Antonius Gordianus Augustus II Clodius Pompeianus
242 C. Vettius Gratus Atticus Sabinianus C. Asinius Lepidus Praetextatus
243 L. Annius Arrianus C. Cervonius Papus
244 Ti. Pollienus Armenius Peregrinus Fulvius Aemilianus
245 Imp. Caesar M. Julius Philippus Augustus C. Maesius Titianus
246 C. Bruttius Praesens C. Allius Albinus[192]
247 Imp. Caesar M. Julius Philippus Augustus II M. Julius Severus Philippus Caesar
248 Imp. Caesar M. Julius Philippus Augustus III Imp. Caesar M. Julius Severus Philippus Augustus II
249 L. Fulvius Gavius Numisius Aemilianus II L. Naevius Aquilinus
250 Imp. Caesar C. Messius Quintus Trajanus Decius Augustus II C. Vettius Gratus
251 Imp. Caesar C. Messius Quintus Trajanus Decius Augustus III Q. Herennius Etruscus Messius Decius Caesar
252 Imp. Caesar C. Vibius Trebonianus Gallus Augustus II Imp. Caesar C. Vibius Volusianus Augustus
253 Imp. Caesar C. Vibius Volusianus Augustus II L. Valerius Poplicola Balbinus Maximus
254 Imp. Caesar P. Licinius Valerianus Augustus II Imp. Caesar P. Licinius Gallienus Augustus
255 Imp. Caesar P. Licinius Valerianus Augustus III Imp. Caesar P. Licinius Gallienus Augustus II
256 L. Valerius Maximus . . . Acilius Priscillianus II M. Acilius Glabrio
257 Imp. Caesar P. Licinius Valerianus Augustus IV Imp. Caesar P. Licinius Gallienus Augustus III
258 M. Nummius Tuscus Mummius Bassus
259 (Nummius) Aemilianus (Dexter) Pomponius Bassus I
260 P. Cornelius Saecularis II C. Junius Donatus II
Imp. Caesar M. Cassianius Latinius Postumus Augustus II (Gaul) Honoratianus (Gaul)[193]
261 Imp. Caesar P. Licinius Gallienus Augustus IV L. Petronius Taurus Volusianus
Imp. Caesar M. Cassianius Latinius Postumus Augustus III (Gaul)
Imp. Caesar Fulvius Macrianus Augustus II (East) Imp. Caesar Fulvius Quietus Augustus (East)
262 Imp. Caesar P. Licinius Gallienus Augustus V Nummius Faustianus
263 M. Nummius Albinus II Dexter (Maximus?)
264 Imp. Caesar P. Licinius Gallienus Augustus VI Saturninus
265 P. Licinius Valerianus II Lucillus
266 Imp. Caesar P. Licinius Gallienus Augustus VII Sabinillus
267 Ovinius Gaius Julius Aquilius Paternus Arcesilaus
Imp. Caesar M. Cassianius Latinius Postumus Augustus IV (Gaul) M. Piavonius Victorinus I (Gaul)
268 Aspasius Paternus II P. Licinius Egnatius Marinianus
Imp. Caesar M. Cassianius Latinius Postumus Augustus V (Gaul)
269 Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Claudius Augustus Paternus
Imp. Caesar M. Piavonius Victorinus II (Gaul) Sanctus (Gaul)
270 Flavius Antiochianus II Virius Orfitus
Imp. Caesar M. Piavonius Victorinus II (Gaul)
271 Imp. Caesar L. Domitius Aurelianus Augustus I Pomponius Bassus II
Imp. Caesar C. Pius Esuvius Tetricus Augustus I (Gaul)
272 T. Flavius Postumius Quietus Junius Veldumnianus
Imp. Caesar C. Pius Esuvius Tetricus Augustus II (Gaul)
273 M. Claudius Tacitus I Julius Placidianus
Imp. Caesar C. Pius Esuvius Tetricus Augustus III (Gaul)
274 Imp. Caesar L. Domitius Aurelianus Augustus II Capitolinus
275 Imp. Caesar L. Domitius Aurelianus Augustus III (Aurelius?) Marcellinus[194]
276 Imp. Caesar M. Claudius Tacitus Augustus II (Fulvius?) Aemilianus
277 Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Probus Augustus I Paulinus
278 Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Probus Augustus II Virius Lupus
279 Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Probus Augustus III Nonius Paternus II
280 (Lucius Valerius?) Messalla (Vettius?) Gratus
281 Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Probus Augustus IV Junius Tiberianus
282 Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Probus Augustus V Victorinus
283 Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Carus Augustus II Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Carinus Augustus I
284 Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Carinus Augustus II Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Numerianus Augustus
suff. Imp. Caesar C. Valerius Diocletianus Augustus I (November–December ) (?) L. Caesonius Ovinius Rufinus Manilius Bassus II (November–December )
285 Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Carinus Augustus III (West) T. Claudius Aurelius Aristobulus
Imp. Caesar C. Valerius Diocletianus Augustus II (East)[195]
286 M. Junius Maximus II Vettius Aquilinus
287 Imp. Caesar C. Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus Augustus III Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Valerius Maximianus Augustus I
288 Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Valerius Maximianus Augustus II Pomponius Januarianus
suff. ... a ... ivianus[196]
Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Mausaeus Carausius II (Britain)
289 M. Magrius Bassus (January -June)[197] L. Ragonius Quintianus (January–June)
suff. M. Umbrius Primus (July–August ) T. Flavius Coelianus (July–August )
suff. M. Ceionius Proculus (September–October ) Helvius Clemens (September–October)
suff. Flavius Decimus (November–December ) ... ninius Maximus (November–December )
Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Mausaeus Carausius III (Britain)
290 Imp. Caesar C. Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus Augustus IV Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Valerius Maximianus Augustus III
Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Mausaeus Carausius IV (Britain)
291 C. Junius Tiberianus II Cassius Dio
292 Afranius Hannibalianus Julius Asclepiodotus
293 Imp. Caesar C. Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus Augustus V Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Valerius Maximianus Augustus IV
294 Flavius Valerius Constantius Caesar I C. Galerius Valerius Maximianus Caesar I
295 Nummius Tuscus C. Annius Anullinus
296 Imp. Caesar C. Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus Augustus VI Flavius Valerius Constantius Caesar II
297 Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Valerius Maximianus Augustus V C. Galerius Valerius Maximianus Caesar II
298 Anicius Faustus II Virius Gallus
299 Imp. Caesar C. Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus Augustus VII Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Valerius Maximianus Augustus VI
300 Flavius Valerius Constantius Caesar III C. Galerius Valerius Maximianus Caesar III

Fourth century (301–395)

Year Consul prior Consul posterior
301 T. Flavius Postumius Titianus II Virius Nepotianus
302 Flavius Valerius Constantius Caesar IV C. Galerius Valerius Maximianus Caesar IV
303 Imp. Caesar C. Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus Augustus VIII Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Valerius Maximianus Augustus VII
304 Imp. Caesar C. Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus Augustus IX Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Valerius Maximianus Augustus VIII
305 Flavius Valerius Constantius Caesar V C. Galerius Valerius Maximianus Caesar V
306 Flavius Valerius Constantius Augustus VI C. Galerius Valerius Maximianus Augustus VI
307 M. Aurelius Valerius Maximianus Augustus IX (West) Flavius Valerius Constantinus Caesar (West)
Flavius Valerius Severus Augustus (East) Galerius Valerius Maximinus Caesar (East)
C. Galerius Valerius Maximianus Augustus VII (Rome, January–April) Galerius Valerius Maximinus Caesar (Rome, January–April)
308 M. Aurelius Valerius Maximianus Augustus X (West) C. Galerius Valerius Maximianus Augustus VII (West)
C. Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus senior Augustus X (East) C. Galerius Valerius Maximianus Augustus VII (East)
M. Aurelius Valerius Maxentius Augustus (Rome, April–December) Valerius Romulus I (Rome, April–December)
309 Valerius Licinianus Licinius Augustus Flavius Valerius Constantinus Augustus
M. Aurelius Valerius Maxentius Augustus II (Rome) Valerius Romulus II (Rome)
310 Tatius Andronicus Pompeius Probus
M. Aurelius Valerius Maxentius Augustus III (Rome)
311 C. Galerius Valerius Maximianus Augustus VIII Galerius Valerius Maximinus Augustus II
C. Ceionius Rufius Volusianus (Rome, from September) Aradius Rufinus (Rome, from September)
312 Flavius Valerius Constantinus Augustus II Valerius Licinianus Licinius Augustus II
M. Aurelius Valerius Maxentius Augustus IV (Rome)
313 Flavius Valerius Constantinus Augustus III Valerius Licinianus Licinius Augustus III
Galerius Valerius Maximinus Augustus III (Rome, Egypt, inter alios)
314 C. Ceionius Rufius Volusianus II Petronius Annianus
315 Flavius Valerius Constantinus Augustus IV Valerius Licinianus Licinius Augustus IV
316 Antonius Caecina Sabinus C. Vettius Cossinius Rufinus
317 Ovinius Gallicanus Caesonius Bassus (from February)
318 Valerius Licinianus Licinius Augustus V Flavius Julius Crispus Caesar
319 Flavius Valerius Constantinus Augustus V Valerius Licinianus Licinius Caesar
320 Flavius Valerius Constantinus Augustus VI Flavius Claudius Constantinus Caesar
321 Flavius Julius Crispus Caesar II (West) Flavius Claudius Constantinus Caesar II (West)
Valerius Licinianus Licinius Augustus VI (East) Valerius Licinianus Licinius Caesar II (East)
322 Petronius Probianus (West) Amnius Anicius Julianus (West)
Post consulatum Licinii Augusti VI et Licinii Caesaris II (East)
323 Acilius Severus (West) Vettius Rufinus (West)[198]
II post consulatum Licinii Augusti VI et Licinii Caesaris II (East)
324 Flavius Julius Crispus Caesar III Flavius Claudius Constantinus Caesar III
325 Valerius Proculus (January–May)[199] Sex. Anicius Paulinus
suff. Julius Julianus (May–December)[200]
326 Flavius Valerius Constantinus Augustus VII Flavius Julius Constantius Caesar
327 Flavius Constantius Valerius Maximus
328 Flavius Januarinus Vettius Justus
329 Flavius Valerius Constantinus Augustus VIII Flavius Claudius Constantinus Caesar IV
330 Flavius Gallicanus Aurelius Valerius Tullianus Symmachus
331 Junius Annius Bassus Flavius Ablabius
332 Lucius Papius Pacatianus Maecilius Hilarianus
333 Flavius Dalmatius Domitius Zenophilus
334 Flavius Optatus Amnius M'. Caesonius Nicomachus Anicius Paulinus Honorius
335 Julius Constantius Ceionius Rufius Albinus
336 Virius Nepotianus Tettius Facundus
337 Flavius Felicianus T. Fabius Titianus
338 Flavius Ursus Flavius Polemius
339 Flavius Julius Constantius Augustus II Flavius Julius Constans Augustus
340 Septimius Acindynus L. Aradius Valerius Proculus Populonius
341 Antonius Marcellinus Petronius Probinus
342 Flavius Julius Constantius Augustus III Flavius Julius Constans Augustus II
343 M. Maecius Memmius Furius Baburius Caecilianus Placidus Flavius Romulus
344 Domitius Leontius (West and East) Flavius Bonosus (West, until April/May)
Julius Sallustius (East, all year. West, after April/May)
345 Flavius Amantius M. Nummius Albinus
346 Flavius Julius Constantius Augustus IV Flavius Julius Constans Augustus III
347 Vulcacius Rufinus Flavius Eusebius
348 Flavius Philippus Flavius Salia
349 Ulpius Limenius Fabius Aconius Catullinus Philomathius
350 Flavius Sergius Flavius Nigrinianus
351 Flavius Magnus Magnentius Augustus (West) Gaiso (West)
Post consulatum Sergii et Nigriniani (East)
352 Magnus Decentius Caesar (West) Paulus (West)
Flavius Julius Constantius Augustus V (East) Flavius Claudius Constantius Caesar I (East)
353 Flavius Julius Constantius Augustus VI Flavius Claudius Constantius Caesar II
354 Flavius Julius Constantius Augustus VII Flavius Claudius Constantius Caesar III
355 Flavius Arbitio Q. Flavius Maesius Egnatius Lollianus Mavortius
356 Flavius Julius Constantius Augustus VIII Flavius Claudius Julianus Caesar I
357 Flavius Julius Constantius Augustus IX Flavius Claudius Julianus Caesar II
358 Censorius Datianus Neratius Cerealis
359 Flavius Eusebius Flavius Hypatius
360 Flavius Julius Constantius Augustus X Flavius Claudius Julianus Caesar III
361 Flavius Taurus Flavius Florentius
362 Claudius Mamertinus Flavius Nevitta
363 Flavius Claudius Julianus Augustus IV Flavius Sallustius
364 Flavius Jovianus Augustus Varronianus
365 Flavius Valentinianus Augustus I Flavius Valens Augustus I
366 Flavius Gratianus I Dagalaifus
367 Flavius Lupicinus Flavius Jovinus
368 Flavius Valentinianus Augustus II Flavius Valens Augustus II
369 Valentinianus Galates Flavius Victor
370 Flavius Valentinianus Augustus III Flavius Valens Augustus III
371 Flavius Gratianus Augustus II Sex. Claudius Petronius Probus
372 Domitius Modestus Flavius Arinthaeus
373 Flavius Valentinianus Augustus IV Flavius Valens Augustus IV
374 Flavius Gratianus Augustus III Flavius Equitius
375 Post consulatum Gratiani Augusti III et Equiti
376 Flavius Valens Augustus V Flavius Valentinianus iunior Augustus I
377 Flavius Gratianus Augustus IV Flavius Merobaudes I
378 Flavius Valens Augustus VI Flavius Valentinianus iunior Augustus II
379 Decimius Magnus Ausonius Q. Clodius Hermogenianus Olybrius
380 Flavius Gratianus Augustus V Flavius Theodosius Augustus
381 Flavius Syagrius Flavius Eucherius
382 Claudius Antonius Afranius Syagrius
383 Flavius Merobaudes II Flavius Saturninus
384 Flavius Ricomer Flavius Clearchus
385 Flavius Arcadius Augustus Flavius Bauto
386 Flavius Honorius Flavius Euodius
387 Flavius Valentinianus iunior Augustus III Eutropius
388 Flavius Merobaudes III (West, until Jan. 11) Flavius Theodosius Augustus II
Magnus Maximus Augustus II (West, from Jan. 11) sine collega
Flavius Theodosius Augustus II (East) Maternus Cynegius (East)
389 Flavius Timasius Flavius Promotus
390 Flavius Valentinianus iunior Augustus IV Flavius Neoterius
391 Flavius Eutolmius Tatianus Q. Aurelius Symmachus
392 Flavius Arcadius Augustus II Flavius Rufinus
393 Flavius Theodosius Augustus III (West and East) Flavius Eugenius Augustus (West)
Flavius Abundantius (East)
394 Virius Nicomachus Flavianus (West) sine collega
Flavius Arcadius Augustus III (East) Flavius Honorius Augustus II (East)
395 Anicius Hermogenianus Olybrius Anicius Probinus

Roman Consuls of East and West (396–534)

In 395, the Roman Empire was divided into a Western Roman Empire and an Eastern Roman Empire, and thereafter the separate courts each appointed one consul. Western Consuls continued to be appointed after the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476.

Year Consul prior Consul posterior
396 Flavius Arcadius Augustus IV Flavius Honorius Augustus III
397 Flavius Caesarius Nonius Atticus
398 Flavius Eutychianus Flavius Honorius Augustus IV
399 Eutropius Flavius Mallius Theodorus
400 Aurelianus Flavius Stilicho
401 Flavius Vincentius Flavius Fravitta (Fravitus)
402 Flavius Arcadius Augustus V Flavius Honorius Augustus V
403 Flavius Theodosius Augustus I Flavius Rumoridus
404 Aristaenetus Flavius Honorius Augustus VI
405 Flavius Anthemius Flavius Stilicho II
406 Flavius Arcadius Augustus VI Anicius Petronius Probus
407 Flavius Theodosius Augustus II Flavius Honorius Augustus VII
408 Anicius Auchenius Bassus Flavius Philippus
409 Flavius Theodosius Augustus III Flavius Honorius Augustus VIII
Flavius Claudius Constantinus Augustus (Britannia/Gaul)
410 Varanes Tertullus
411 Flavius Theodosius Augustus IV sine collega
412 Flavius Theodosius Augustus V Flavius Honorius Augustus IX
413 Heraclianus Flavius Lucius
414 Flavius Constantius Flavius Constans
415 Flavius Theodosius Augustus VI Flavius Honorius Augustus X
416 Flavius Theodosius Augustus VII Junius Quartus Palladius
417 Flavius Honorius Augustus XI Flavius Constantius II
418 Flavius Theodosius Augustus VIII Flavius Honorius Augustus XII
419 Flavius Monaxius Flavius Plinta
420 Flavius Theodosius Augustus IX Flavius Constantius III
421 Flavius Eustathius Flavius Agricola
422 Flavius Theodosius Augustus X Flavius Honorius Augustus XIII
423 Flavius Asclepiodotus Flavius Avitus Marinianus
424 Flavius Castinus Victor
425 Johannes Augustus (West)
Flavius Theodosius Augustus XI Placidus Valentinianus Caesar
426 Flavius Theodosius Augustus XII Flavius Placidus Valentinianus Augustus II
427 Flavius Hierius Flavius Ardabur
428 Flavius Taurus Flavius Felix
429 Flavius Florentius Flavius Dionysius
430 Flavius Theodosius Augustus XIII Flavius Placidus Valentinianus Augustus III
431 Anicius Auchenius Bassus Flavius Antiochus
432 Flavius Valerius Flavius Aëtius I
433 Flavius Theodosius Augustus XIV Petronius Maximus
434 Flavius Ardabur Aspar Flavius Areobindus
435 Flavius Theodosius Augustus XV Flavius Placidus Valentinianus Augustus IV
436 Flavius Anthemius Isidorus Flavius Senator
437 Flavius Sigisvultus Flavius Aëtius II
438 Flavius Theodosius Augustus XVI Anicius Acilius Glabrio Faustus
439 Flavius Theodosius Augustus XVII Festus
440 Flavius Anatolius Flavius Placidus Valentinianus Augustus V
441 Flavius Taurus Seleucus Cyrus sine collega
442 Flavius Dioscorus Flavius Eudoxius
443 Flavius Paterius Petronius Maximus II
444 Flavius Theodosius Augustus XVIII Caecina Decius Aginatius Albinus
445 Flavius Nomus Flavius Placidus Valentinianus Augustus VI
446 Flavius Aetius III (West) Q. Aurelius Symmachus
447 Flavius Ardabur (iunior) Flavius Calepius
448 Flavius Zeno Rufius Praetextatus Postumianus
449 Flavius Astyrius (West) Flavius Flor(entius?) Romanus Protogenes
450 Gennadius Avienus Flavius Placidus Valentinianus Augustus VII
451 Flavius Marcianus Augustus VI Valerius Faltonius Adelfius
452 Flavius Sporacius Flavius Bassus Herculanus
453 Flavius Rufius Opilio Iohannes Vincomalus
454 Flavius Aëtius[201] Flavius Studius (East)
455 Procopius Anthemius Flavius Placidus Valentinianus Augustus VIII
456 Eparchius Avitus Augustus (West) sine collega
Johannes (East) Varanes (East)
457 Flavius Constantinus Flavius Rufus (East)
458 Flavius Leo Augustus I Julius Valerius Majorianus Augustus
459 Flavius Patricius Flavius Ricimer
460 Flavius Magnus Flavius Apollonius
461 Flavius Dagalaifus Flavius Severinus
462 Flavius Leo Augustus II Libius Severus Augustus
463 Flavius Antoninus Messala Vivianus Caecina Decius Basilius
464 Anicius Olybrius Flavius Rusticius
465 Flavius Hermenericus Flavius Basiliscus I
466 Flavius Leo Augustus III Tatianus (Gaul)
467 Flavius Pusaeus Flavius Johannes (East)
468 sine collega Procopius Anthemius Augustus II
469 Flavius Zeno I Flavius Marcianus I
470 Messius Phoebus Severus (West) Flavius Jordanes
471 Flavius Leo Augustus IV Caelius Aconius Probianus
472 Rufius Postumius Festus Flavius Marcianus II
473 Flavius Leo Augustus V sine collega
474 Flavius Leo (iunior) Augustus sine collega
475 Flavius Zeno Augustus II Post consulatum Leonis iunioris Augusti (West)
476 Flavius Basiliscus Augustus II Flavius Armatus
477 Post consulatum Basilisci Augusti II et Armati
478 Illus sine collega
479 Flavius Zeno Augustus III sine collega
480 sine collega Caecina Decius Maximus Basilius iunior[202]
481 sine collega Rufius Achilius Maecius Placidus
482 Flavius Appalius Illus Trocundes Severinus iunior
483 Post consulatum Trocundis (East) Anicius Acilius Aginantius Faustus iunior
484 Flavius Theodericus Decius Marius Venantius Basilius
485 Post consulatum Theoderici (East) Q. Aurelius Memmius Symmachus iunior
486 Flavius Longinus Caecina Mavortius Basilius Decius iunior
487 Post consulatum Longini (East) Nar. Manlius Boëthius
488 Claudius Julius Ecclesius Dynamius Rufius Achilius Sividius
489 Flavius Eusebius I Petronius Probinus
490 Flavius Longinus II Anicius Probus Faustus iunior
491 Flavius Olybrius Iunior sine collega
492 Flavius Anastasius Augustus I Flavius Rufus[203]
493 Flavius Eusebius II Flavius Albinus (iunior)
494 Turcius Rufius Apronianus Asterius Flavius Praesidius
495 sine collega Flavius Viator[204]
496 Flavius Paulus Post consulatum Viatoris (West)
497 Flavius Anastasius Augustus II II post consulatum Viatoris (West)
498 Johannes Scytha Flavius Paulinus
499 Flavius Johannes qui est Gibbus Post consulatum Paulini (West)
500 Flavius Patricius Flavius Hypatius
501 Flavius Pompeius Flavius Avienus iunior
502 Flavius Probus Rufius Magnus Faustus Avienus iunior
503 Flavius Dexicrates[205] Flavius Volusianus[205]
504 sine collega Rufius Petronius Nicomachus Cethegus
505 Flavius Sabinianus Flavius Theodorus
506 Flavius Areobindus Dagalaifus Areobindus Ennodius Messala
507 Flavius Anastasius Augustus III Venantius iunior
508 Flavius Celer Basilius Venantius iunior
509 sine collega Flavius Inportunus iunior
510 sine collega Anicius Manlius Severinus Boëthius iunior
511 Flavius Secundinus Felix
512 Flavius Paulus Flavius Moschianus (East)
513 Taurus Clementinus Armonius Clementinus Flavius Probus
514 Magnus Aurelius Cassiodorus Senator sine collega
515 Procopius Anthemius Flavius Florentius[205]
516 sine collega Flavius Petrus
517 Flavius Anastasius Paulus Probus Sabinianus Pompeius Anastasius Flavius Agapitus
518 Flavius Anastasius Paulus Probus Moschianus Probus Magnus Post consulatum Agapiti (West)
519 Flavius Justinus Augustus Eutharicus Cillica
520 Flavius Vitalianus Flavius Rusticius[205]
521 Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Justinianus Flavius Valerius
522 Flavius Symmachus (West) Flavius Boëthius (West)
523 sine collega Flavius Anicius Maximus
524 Flavius Justinus Augustus II Venantius Opilio
525 Flavius Theodorus Philoxenus Soterichus Philoxenus Flavius Probus iunior
526 sine collega Flavius Olybrius iunior
527 sine collega Vettius Agorius Basilius Mavortius
528 Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Justinianus Augustus II Post consulatum Mavortii (West)
529 sine collega Flavius Decius Iunior;
II post consulatum Mavortii (Gaul)
530 Flavius Lampadius[205] Rufius Gennadius Probus Orestes
531 Post consulatum Lampadii et Orestis Post consulatum Lampadii et Orestis
532 II post consulatum Lampadii et Orestis II post consulatum Lampadii et Orestis
533 Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Justinianus Augustus III III post consulatum Lampadii et Orestis (West)
534 Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Justinianus Augustus IV Flavius Decius Paulinus iunior

Roman Consuls of the East alone (535–887)

During the reign of Justinian I (527–565), the position of consul altered in two significant ways. From 535, there was no longer a Roman consul chosen in the West. In 541, the separate office of Roman consul was abolished.[206] When used thereafter, the office was with few exceptions used as part of the imperial title. The office was finally abolished as part of the Basilika reforms of Leo VI the Wise in 887.[207]

Year Eastern Roman Consul
535[208] Flavius Belisarius
536 Post consulatum Belisarii
537 II post consulatum Belisarii
538 Flavius Marianus Michaelius Gabrielius Archangelius Johannes[209]
539 Flavius Strategius Apion Strategius Apion
540 Flavius Mar. Petrus Theodorus Valentinus Rusticius Boraides Germanus Justinus
541 Anicius Faustus Albinus Basilius iunior
566 Flavius Justinus Augustus
568 Flavius Justinus Augustus II
579 Flavius Tiberius Constantinus Augustus
583 Flavius Mauricius Tiberius Augustus
603 Flavius Phocas Augustus
611 Flavius Heraclius Augustus
613 Flavius Heraclius Novus Constantinus Augustus
615 Leontius (honorary)
639 Flavius Constantinus Heraclius Augustus
642 Flavius Constantinus Augustus
656 Theodosius,[210] Paulus[210]
668 Flavius Constantinus Augustus
686 Flavius Justinianus Augustus[211][212]
699 Tiberius Augustus
711 Philippicus Augustus[213]
714 Anastasius Augustus
718 Leo Augustus
742 Constantinus Augustus
776 Leo Augustus
782 Constantinus Augustus
803 Nicephorus Augustus
814 Leo Augustus
821 Michael Augustus
830 Theophilus Augustus
843 Michael Augustus
867 Basilius Augustus
887 Leo Augustus

References

  1. "Consules", in Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities.
  2. "Consul" in A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities.
  3. Broughton, The Magistrates of the Roman Republic, vol. I, pp. xi, xii.
  4. "Dictator" in Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities.
  5. Broughton, The Magistrates of the Roman Republic, vol. I, pp. xi, xii, 141, 148, 149, 163, 171.
  6. Livy, History of Rome, iii. 32 ff.
  7. "Decemviri" in Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities.
  8. "Tribunus" in Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities.
  9. Livy, History of Rome, vi. 42, vii. 1.
  10. Broughton, The Magistrates of the Roman Republic, vol. I, pp. 108–114.
  11. Anthony Grafton and Noel Swerdlow, "Technical Chronology and Astrological History in Varro, Censorinus, and Others", Classical Quarterly, N.S. 35 (1985), p. 454-65
  12. Lendering, Jona (2008). "Varronian Chronology". Livius.Org.
  13. Tacitus, Historiae, 3.37
  14. The evidence for this is collected in Lily Ross Taylor and T. Robert S. Broughton, "The Order of the Two Consuls' Names in the Yearly Lists", Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome, 19 (1949), pp. 3-14
  15. Taylor, "Augustan Editing in the Capitoline Fasti", pp. 73–80.
  16. Roger S. Bagnall, et alia, Consuls of the later Roman Empire, Philological Monographs #36 (Atlanta: American Philological Association, 1987), pp. 13-18
  17. The fasti for the Gallic consuls under Postumus are incomplete, with the names of some ordinary consuls known, but not the year they served — see Martindale et al., Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire (1971), p. 1041.
  18. Both Livy (ii.8.5) and Dionysius of Halicarnassus (iv.1.2, iv.12.3, iv.19.2) assign 5 consuls to the first year of the Republic; however Polybius (iii.22.1), a historian considered very reliable and having access to an older tradition, names only Brutus and Horatius as consuls for this year. Various theories have been offered to explain this contradiction. For example, Gary Forsythe argues that Polybius accurately reports the names of the first pair of consuls, while Livy and Dionysius follow "the later annalistic tradition". (Forsythe, A Critical History of Early Rome (Berkley: University of California, 2005), p. 153)
  19. These consuls are omitted by Livy, likely due to confusion with the consuls of 506 BC
  20. So Dionysius of Halicarnassus (v.36.1) and others. Livy (ii.15.1), however, names another pair: P. Lucretius and P. Valerius Poplicola. Alan Samuel explains this difference as Lucretius being an error for Larcius, due to confusion with Poplicola's colleague in 508 and 504 BC. (Samuel, Greek and Roman Chronology (Muenchen: Beck'sche, 1972), p. 256)
  21. This pair of consuls as well as those of 489 BC are omitted by Livy.
  22. The order of these consuls was reversed in the Fasti Capitolini after Augustus and other patricians falsified the list in order to enhance the prestige of their ancestors (by placing them as consuls prior). Cf. Taylor, "Augustan Editing in the Capitoline Fasti", pp. 73–80.
  23. So the Fasti Capitolini; both Livy and Dionysisus of Halicarnassus call him simply C. Servilius. Diodorus Siculus (XI.52.1) names C. Cornelius Lentulus as the colleague of Mamercus (Samuel, Greek and Roman Chronology, p. 256)
  24. Both Livy and Dionysius of Halicarnassus omit all mention of this suffect consul.
  25. Aulus Gellius (17.21.13) names a different pair of consuls for this year: Menenius Agrippa and M. Horatius Pulvillus. B.W. Frier suggests his source may have been the Chronica of Cornelius Nepos, "who is cited three times in this passage". (Frier, "Licinius Macer and the Consules Suffecti of 444 B. C.", Transactions of the American Philological Association, 105 (1975), p. 84)
  26. So Dionysius of Halicarnassus (IX.37.2) and Fasti Capitolini, which Livy admits is an alternative to the man he names as Mamercus' colleague, Opet. Verginius (II.54.3). Diodorus Siculus (XI.65.1) names L. Stoudios Iulius as Mamercus' colleague. (Samuel, Greek and Roman Chronology, p. 256)
  27. R. M. Ogilvie opens his article on the line containing the consuls for this year with the words "One of the outstanding puzzles of the Capitoline Fasti." ("The Consul of 458 B.C.", Hermes, 89 (1961), pp. 379-382) The Fasti Capitolini adds a suffect consul with the cognomen Carve[tus] or Carve[ntanus] for the suffect of this year; Livy (III.25.1) names only the consuls L. Minucius and C. Nautius for this year, as does Dionysius of Halicarnassus (X.22.1; XI.20.1); Diodorus Siculus XI.88.1 gives L. Minucius the cognomen Karoutianos; the late sources the Chronicle Pascal and the Fasti Hydratus both present the cognomen Atratinus. Based on these contradictory entries, Ogilvie notes that it "was the practice of the Annalists to collect together whatever material from whatever sources they could and to combine evidence from the tabulae pontificum, inscriptions, monuments and family tradition" and claims to have found here an example of such an interpolation.
  28. Diodorus Siculus (XII.3.1) instead lists the consuls for this year as L. Quinctius Cincinnatus and M. Fabius Vibulanus
  29. Livy mentions Claudius and Genucius as being elected consuls, but resigning to allow the Decemviri to take office (III.33); Diodorus Siculus mentions them only as Decemviri (XII.23.1).
  30. Two different praenomina have been reported for this person: Publius and Servius. If he was P. Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus, he would be identical with an officer who fought the Volscians in 446 BC under the consuls Quinctius and Furius; if he was Ser. Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus, he would be identical with the consul of 461 BC; in either case, this Decemvir was one of three ambassadors sent to Greece to study their laws. (Broughton, Magistrates of the Roman Republic, vol. 1, p. 46 n. 4, p. 51 and note)
  31. Three different praenomina have been reported for this person: Spurius, Lucius, and Titus. If he was T. Veturius Crassus Cicurinus, he would be identical with the consul of 462 BC; if he was C. Veturius Crassus Cicurinus (in Old Roman cursive, "C", "S" and "L" are similar enough that it is not unreasonable to assume they could be confused), he would be identical with the consul of 455 BC. (Broughton, Magistrates of the Roman Republic, vol. 1, p. 46 n. 3
  32. His praenomen is not preserved in Fasti Capitolini, but ancient authors disagree. Livy gives "Marcus" and later "Lucius", Diodorus Siculus gives "Caius", and Dionysius of Halicarnassus gives "Marcus". (Broughton, Magistrates of the Roman Republic, vol. 1, p. 47 n. 3)
  33. Livy (IV.7.10) adds this pair of consuls, based on Macer's reading of the libri lintei; however they are not mentioned by Diodorus Siculus, and according to Cicero these two consuls became Rome's first pair of censors the following year. As a result modern authorities eliminate the consuls, the consular tribunes, or attempt to fit both into 444 BC. B.W. Frier argues that this textual issue "reflects an important historiographic conflict in the late Roman Republic." (Frier, "Licinius Macer", p. 79; this is the thesis of his article.)
  34. Livy (IV.12.6) records his praenomen as Lucius, while Diodorus Siculus (XII.36.1) gives it as Titus.
  35. Livy (IV.23.1–3) states Gaius Julius Iullus and Lucius Verginius Tricostus were re-elected consuls, based on the testimony of Licinius Macer, while admitting Valerius Antias and Aelius Tubero both report M. Manlius Capitolinus and Q. Sulpicius Camerinus Praetextatus as consuls. Diodorus (XII.53.1) includes Manlius and Sulpicius with Ser. Cornelius Cossus as Consular Tribunes for the year. Broughton: "Of the three possibilities listed ... it seems least likely that the consuls of 435 continued in office this year. The second pair of Consuls are repeated in the other tradition which reported Military Tribunes with consular powers." (Magistrates of the Roman Republic, vol. 1, p. 62 n. 1)
  36. Cicero (De Re Publica 2.60), when referring to the consul of this year, calls him P. Papirius while Diodorus Siculus (xii, 72.1) calls him C. Papirius
  37. Diodorus Siculus (XII.77.1) inserts the pair L. Quinctius Cincinnatus and A. Sempronius Atratinus between the consuls of 428 and 427 BC.
  38. So Diodorus Siculus (XII.82.1), whose reading is favored by Broughton; Livy names this consular tribune Naevius Rutilius, but in another passage (IV.35.6) states all four consular tribunes are Patricians, and in a third passage (IV.44.13) calls him Nautius Rutilus.
  39. So Broughton (Magistrates of the Roman Republic, vol. 1, p. 69) following Degrassi, which is the praenomen Livy (IV.43.1) gives; the Fasti Capitolini has "N." which is a much more common praenomen for the gens Fabii than Gnaeus. This praenomen would also indicate he is identical to the consular tribune of 415 and 407 BC, N. Fabius Vibulanus.
  40. Livy (IV.44.1) calls him L. Quinctius Cincinnatus III; the Fasti Capitolini reads [...] Cincinnatus II which would indicate he was T. Quinctius Pennus Cincinnatus II
  41. So Diodorus Siculus (XIII.7.1); Livy has here Sp. Rutilius Crassus Cicurinus, but none of the Rutilii appear in the Fasti for the next 250 years, and neither do they use the praenomen Spurius or the cognomen Crassus. (Broughton, Magistrates of the Roman Republic, vol. 1, p. 73 n.1)
  42. So Livy (IV.52.4), following Licinius Macer who attributed this reading to the libri lintei; Fasti derived from the Fasti Capitolini show it was Marcus Papirius Mugillanus. Ogilvie notes that "is the only instance of a Papirius being attributed the cognomen Atratinus which is common among, if not confined to, the Sempronii", and on this basis argues that "the original list of 411 will have been a college of three consular tribunes, Papirius, Sempronius and Nautius". (Ogilvie, "Consul of 458 BC", pp. 380f)
  43. Livy (IV.61.4) instead has Gaius Fabius Ambustus, and treats him as a different person than the Consular Tribune of 401, 395 and 390 BC.
  44. Livy adds to this college the two Censors M. Furius Camillus and M. Postumius Albinus Regillensis. (Broughton, Magistrates of the Roman Republic, vol. 1 p. 82 n. 1)
  45. The Fasti Capitolini is damaged where the cognomen would appear; Broughton suggests three identifications: P. Cornelius Scipio (Consular tribune 395 BC), P. Cornelius Cossos (consular tribune 395 BC) or P. Cornelius Maluginensis (consular tribune 397 BC). (Magistrates of the Roman Republic, vol. 1, p. 90 n. 1)
  46. Livy (5.29.2) omits all reference to Valerius and Cornelius, presenting L. Lucretius Tricipinus Flavus and Ser. Sulpicius Camerinus as the consules ordinaires for the year.
  47. Livy (5.32.1) calls him M. Aemilius Mamercinus, indicating he is a different person than the four-time consular tribune of 389 BC forward.
  48. Diodorus Siculus (XV.24.1) states that there were six consular tribunes this year, but Livy only lists five; Attilio Degrassi suggests either L. Cornelius or A. Manlius for the sixth member of this college; Broughton, based on the evidence of the Fasti Capitolini, suggests A. Manlius Capitolinus. (Broughton, Magistrates of the Roman Republic, vol. 1, p. 100 n. 1)
  49. These are the nine consular tribunes the Fasti Capitolini lists for this year. Livy names only six (omitting C. Sulpicius Peticus, L. Aemilius Mamercinus, and Ti. Papirius Crassus), and Diodorus Siculus eight (omitting L. Papirius Mugillanus). Broughton notes, "Clearly Fast. Cap. has the most seriously interpolated tradition." (Magistrates of the Roman Republic, vol. 1 p. 106 n. 1)
  50. These two consular tribunes are only known from Diodorus Siculus (XV.51.1). Broughton suggests "Erenucius" may be a corruption of "Genucius" or "Minucius". (Magistrates of the Roman Republic, vol. 1, p. 106 n. 1)
  51. These two consular tribunes are only known from Livy (6.31.1)
  52. Modern scholarly consensus is that the fasti for the fourth century was discovered to be missing several sets of eponymous magistrates, and explained this gap by stating elections were blocked by these two tribunes. See the discussions of T.J. Cornell, The Beginnings of Rome (London: Routeledge, 1995), pp. 399-402; and Forsythe, Critical History of Early Rome, pp. 368-70
  53. The Fasti Capitolini states C. Licinius Calvus was consul in 364 BC and C. Lincinius Stolo in 361 BC; however Livy reverses these two.
  54. Livy (7.18.10) notes that "in some annals" M. Popillius Laenas appears instead of Quinctius.
  55. Diodorus Siculus (XVI.59.1) reports instead the consuls for this year were M. Aemilius and T. Quinctius. Identification of this consular, although doubtful, could be that of Appius Claudius Crassus Inregillensis (consular tribune 403 BC)
  56. The years 333, 324, 309 and 301 BC come from the Fasti Capitolini, but are not evidenced in other authorities, such as Livy, Diodorus Siculus, or Cicero. A. Drummond has persuasively argued that they are the introduction of the antiquarian Titus Pomponius Atticus (whose work is better known as the Varronian Chronology, which was adopted by the Fasti Capitolini) both to fix the synchronization of the Battle of Allia to 390 BC, and to provide precedent for Julius Caesar's use of annual dictatorships. "The Dictator Years", Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte, 27 (1978), pp. 550-572
  57. Broughton admits that the primary sources -- Livy, Diodorus Siculus, and the lists derived from the Fasti Capitolini -- "admit of four different identifications for Plautius and two for Cornelius". Plautius may be C. Plautius Proculus (cos. 358 BC); P. Plautius Proculus, an otherwise unattested son of the consul; C. Plautius Decianus (cos. 329 BC); or C. Plautius Venno/Vennox, a brother of the consul of 330 BC. Likewise, P. Cornelius could be P. Cornelius Scapula or P. Cornelius Scipio Barbatus. (Magistrates of the Roman Republic, vol. 1, p. 145 n. 1)
  58. Livy (8.37.2-3) would prefer Aemilius to Aulius, but notes this form is found in some annals, and describes Aulius as consul iterum in 319 BC.
  59. Livy (9.15.11) notes one source instead names as consul L. Papirius Mugillanus.
  60. So Broughton; Munzer (De Gente Valeria 50, no. 50 and 38, n. 8) identifies this M. Valerius Maximus with M. Valerius Maximus Corvinus, consul in 312 and 289 BC. For the period 289-285 BC the only authorities for this list are late sources such as the "Chronography of 354", Fasti Hydratus and the Pascal Chronicle, which are often corrupt. (Magistrates of the Roman Republic, vol. 1, p. 186 n. 1)
  61. For some reason Laevinus and Scaevola never entered office, and in their place Catulus and Philo served as consuls. (Broughton, Magistrates of the Roman Republic, vol. 1, p. 235)
  62. Killed before taking office. Cf. Broughton, vol. I, pp. 253, 257 (note 1).
  63. Election declared invalid. Cf. Broughton, vol. I, pp. 254, 257 (note 3).
  64. Unless otherwise noted, consuls from 100 BC through 81 BC are taken from Thomas Robert Shannon Broughton, The Magistrates of the Roman Republic. Philological Monograph No. 15. New York: American Philological Association, 1951
  65. Unless otherwise noted, consuls from 80 BC through 1 BC are taken from Ronald Syme, The Augustan Aristocracy (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986), pp. 455-458
  66. Metellus died early in 68 BC; Vatia was elected to replace him, but Vatia died before he could enter office and Marcius continued as sole consul. (Dio 36.4.1; Broughton, Magistrates vol. II p. 137)
  67. P. Cornelius Sulla and P. Antonius Paetus were elected consuls, but both were convicted of bribery under the Calpurnian Law. L. Aurelius Cotta and L. Manlius Torquatus were their replacements
  68. Dates of succession for this year are taken from John Bodel, "Chronology and Succession 2: Notes on Some Consular Lists on Stone", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 105 (1995), p. 285
  69. Dates of succession for this year are taken from Bodel, "Chronology and Succession", p. 280
  70. Dates of succession for this year are taken from Bodel, "Chronology and Succession", p. 287
  71. Ernest Weinrib, The Spaniards in Rome (1990), pp. 180, 309–311
  72. Dates of succession for this year are taken from Darryl A. Phillips, "The Conspiracy of Egnatius Rufus and the Election of Suffect Consuls under Augustus", Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte, 46 (1997), pp. 106f
  73. Aulus Terentius Varro Murena was consul designate for 23 BC, but died before taking office – see Swan, Michael (1967). "The Consular Fasti of 23 B.C. and the Conspiracy of Varro Murena". Harvard Studies in Classical Philology. Harvard University Press. 71: 235–247. doi:10.2307/310766. JSTOR 310766.
  74. Augustus was apparently intended to be the other consul ordinarius, but never took office. Dates of succession for this year are taken from Phillips, "Conspiracy of Egnatius Rufus", p. 107
  75. Dates of succession for this year are taken from Phillips, "Conspiracy of Egnatius Rufus", p. 107
  76. Dates of succession for this year are taken from Phillips, "Conspiracy of Egnatius Rufus", pp. 107f
  77. Dates of succession for this year are taken from Bodel, "Chronology and Succession", p. 289
  78. Unless otherwise noted, consuls from AD 1 through AD 12 are taken from Ronald Syme, The Augustan Aristocracy, (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986), pp. 455–458
  79. The consuls of this year are taken from Diana Gorostidi Pi, "Sui consoli dell’anno 13 d.C.: Nuovi dati dai fasti consulares Tusculani", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 189 (2014), pg 265–275
  80. Unless otherwise indicated, the names and dates for the years AD 14–36 are taken from Alison E. Cooley, The Cambridge Manual of Latin Epigraphy (Cambridge: University Press, 2012), pp.458-460
  81. Cooley indicates no suffect consuls for this year
  82. Tacitus, Ann., IV, 28.
  83. Der Neue Pauly, Stuttgardiae 1999, T. 12/2, c. 177
  84. The dates of the consuls in this year is taken from John Bodel, "Chronology and Succession 2: Notes on Some Consular Lists on Stone", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 105 (1995), p. 296
  85. First proposed by Hans-Georg Pflaum, and accepted by Ladislaus Vidman (Fasti Ostienses, 2nd edition, p. 68); Cooley offers as a possible alternative A. Didius Gallus although she also puts him in the last nundinium of 39.
  86. Unless otherwise indicated, the names and dates for the years AD 37–40 are taken from Paul Gallivan, "The Fasti for the Reign of Gaius", Antichthon, 13 (1979), p. 66–69
  87. Unless otherwise indicated, the names and dates for the years AD 41-54 are taken from Gallivan, "The Fasti for the Reign of Claudius", Classical Quarterly, 28 (1978), pp. 407–426
  88. M. Christol and S. Demougin have shown that the colleague of P. Suillius Rufus is not the governor of Britain, but another member of the gens Ostoria ("Notes de prosopographie équestre", in Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 57 (1984), pp. 171-8).
  89. Gallivan's source (Gaius Institutes, 3.63) does not indicate which months Cornelius held office.
  90. In a re-examination of the primary source, Camodeca has shown that the consul "L. S[...]" is a phantom, and it has been removed from this list. ("I consoli del 43 e gli Antistii Veteres d'età claudia dalla riedizione delle Tabulae Herculanenses", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 140 (2002), pp. 227–236
  91. Camodeca concludes that the former reading, L. Oppius, is erroneous, and that the initial is certainly 'S', probably followed by 'p', but the name is definitely not Sex. This late occurrence of the praenomen indicates that the consul was probably descended from the praetor Spurius Oppius of 44 BC, and recalls the decemvir Spurius Oppius Cornicen. "I consoli del 43", pp. 230, 232, 233.
  92. Suffect consuls for July–December Gallivan placed in 44 Camodeca moved to 47 ("Novità sui fasti consolari delle tavolette cerate della Campania", Publications de l'École française de Rome, 143 (1991), p. 52)
  93. Giuseppe Camodeca, "I consoli del 43 e gli Antistii Veteres d'età claudia dalla riedizione delle Tabulae Herculanenses", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 140 (2002), pp. 234–236.
  94. See Camodeca, "Novità sui fasti consolari", p. 52
  95. Giuseppe Camodeca argues that Gallivan mistakenly followed an error by the writer of Tabula Pompeiana 41, and combined the two Vipstani into one person; other wax tablets dated to that year show the two suffect consuls as separate people. ("Novità sui fasti consolari", p. 53)
  96. Gallivan shows Aefulanus held his office in this year, but not which month.
  97. Names and dates for 55 and 56 taken from Giuseppe Camodeca, "I consoli des 55–56 e un nuovo collega di seneca nel consolato: P. Cornelius Dolabella (TP.75 [=1401 +135)*", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 63 (1986), pp. 201–215.
  98. Camodeca allocates January–April to Vetus, while Werner Eck, Historia, 24 (1975), pp. 338 ff. extends his tenure to June.
  99. Unless otherwise indicated, the names and dates for the years 57-67 are taken from Gallivan, "Some Comments on the Fasti for the Reign of Nero", Classical Quarterly, 24 (1974), pp. 290–311
  100. Names and dates for 62 taken from Eck, "Miscellanea prosopographica", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 42 (1981), pp. 227 ff.
  101. George Houston points out that this consul had no attested cognomen, and "Celsus" was added based on a preliminary reading of a wax table from Pompeii, CIL IV.3340.151. "P. Marius P.f., Cos. Ord. A.D. 62", ZPE 16 (1975), pp. 33–35
  102. Giuseppe Camodeca reads C. Junius Marullus ("I consoli degli anni di Nerone nelle 'Tabulae Herculanenses'", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 193 (2015), p. 277)
  103. Camodeca reads P. Petronius Niger ("I consoli degli anni di Nerone", p. 276)
  104. Gallivan, "Reign of Nero" followed Degrassi in assuming that the ordinary consul for this year was named "A. Licinius Nerva Silianus P. Pasidienus Firmus", a case of polyonymy. A military diploma published later (AE 1978, 658) shows they are two different people.
  105. Gallivan, "Reign of Nero", placed Appius Annius Gallus and Severus in 66 and Marcus Annius Afrinus and Africanus in 67; however Camodeca published one of the Tabulae Herculei that shows Appius Annius Gallus and Severus were suffect consuls 4 November of an unknown year -- thus proving their office was in 67. (AE 1993, 460 = Bolletino del Centro internazionale per lo studio dei papiri ercolanesi, 23 (1993), 109-119)
  106. Names and dates for this year are taken from Camodeca, "I consoli degli anni di Nerone", p. 281
  107. Names and dates for this year are taken from G. B. Townend, "The Consuls of A. D. 69/70", American Journal of Philology, 83 (1962), pp. 113–129
  108. Unless otherwise indicated, the names and dates for the years 70–96 are taken from Paul Gallivan, "The Fasti for A. D. 70–96", Classical Quarterly, 31 (1981), pp. 186–220
  109. Gallivan dated M. Ulpius Traianus (father of Trajan) to 70 based on his arrangement of the fragments of tablet E of the Fasti Ostienses (p. 187); however, subsequent recovery of fragments allowed Ladislav Vidman to date Ulpius Traianus' tenure to 72 (Vidman, Fasti Ostienses, pp. 73-75). AE 1978, 60 proves that C. Licinius Mucianus was suffect consul for that nundinium; redating Ulpius Traianus is the only change required.
  110. The suffect consuls for September–October are attested in 80 by the Fasti Septempeda, a primary source.
  111. This pair of suffects added from Camodeca, "Novità sui fasti consolari", pp. 57–62
  112. Gallivan ("Fasti for A. D. 70–96", pp. 206, 219) dated this pair of suffects to 30 December "71-72"; because Camodeca added the consuls for November–December 71, they are placed here.
  113. All that survives of this suffect's name on the Fasti Feriarum Latinarum (CIL VI, 2242)
  114. AE 1968, 7 restores this as "Sex. Iulius Fr]on[tinus", stating he is attested as suffect consul in June.
  115. Grainger, John D. (2004). Nerva and the Roman Succession Crisis of AD 96–99. London: Routledge. p. 14. ISBN 0203218078.
  116. See Syme, "P. Calvisius Ruso. One Person or Two?" Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 56 (1984), pp. 173-192
  117. Gallivan ("Fasti for A. D. 70–96", pp. 209, 219) dated this pair of suffects to "79-80"; this is the only open office in those two years, so he is placed here.
  118. Added from the Fasti Septempeda (AE 1998, 419)
  119. All that survives of this suffect's name on the Fasti Ostienses (frag. Fa)
  120. So Gallivan. Werner Eck suggests instead M. Mettius Modestus. "Epigraphische Untersuchungen zu Konsuln und Senatoren des 1.-3. Jh. n. Chr.", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 37 (1980), pp. 51-60
  121. CIL IX, 5420 dates Patruinus to this nundinium, and Werner Eck ("Epigraphische Untersuchungen zu Konsuln und Senatoren des 1.-3. Jh. n. Chr.", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 37 (1980), pp. 51-60) restores the deleted name as Saturninus'.
  122. For the suffect consuls Gallivan placed in July/August of this year see List of undated Roman consuls and note.
  123. This person is a puzzle. G.B. Townend stated he was the son of the suffect consul of 70 and 74, but that means the older Petillius either held the fasces late in life, or had his son very young. Gallivan suggests that this may actually be the third consulship of Petilius. (Gallivan, "The Fasti for A. D. 70–96", p. 212)
  124. Syme first proposed the identification of this consul with M. Raecius Gallus ("Pliny the Procurator", Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, 73 (1969), pp. 201–236 [p. 229]). However, he later concluded that Publius Glitius Gallus "is on every count a better candidate" than Raecius ("P. Calvisius Ruso. One Person or Two?", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 56 (1984), pp. 173-192 [p. 175]).
  125. Syme raised the possibility that L. Valerius Catullus Messallinus was the second consul ordinarius for this year Journal of Roman Studies, 43 (1953), p. 155), a suggestion shared by H. Nesselhauf (Gnomon 26 (1954), p. 270); however, Vidman has found an inscription which is dated a.d. X k. Februarias Imp. Domitiano XI, T. Aurelio Fulvo it(terum) co(n)sulibus, showing that Fulvus was the consul posterior for this year. (Fasti Ostienses, pp. 78f)
  126. This pair of suffects taken from Eck and Pangerl, "Neue Diplome mit den Namen von Konsuln und Statthaltern", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 187 (2013), pp. 274f
  127. Evidence is lacking to determine whether Campanus served until April, or an unknown person held the fasces in March and April.
  128. So AE 2012, 1959; Gallivan "Bellicus", following CIL VI, 2065
  129. Or M. Tuccius Cerialis, a consular mentioned by Pliny (Epistulae, II.11.9)
  130. Names and dates for this year are taken from Werner Eck, "Diplome, Konsuln und Statthalter: Fortschritte und Probleme der kaiserzeitlichen Prosopographie", Chiron, 34 (2004), pp. 35-44.
  131. AE 2008, 1753
  132. Unless otherwise noted, the consuls for this year are taken from Fausto Zevi "I consoli del 97 d. Cr. in due framenti gia' editi dei Fasti Ostienses", Listy filologické / Folia philologica, 96 (1973), pp. 125–137
  133. All that survives of the consul's name on the Fasti ostienses is "..]us", which Zevi had plausibly restored as Lucius Licinius Sura. However, two more recently recovered fragments of military diplomas show that the name of this consul is L. Pomponius Maternus, who is otherwise unknown. (Eck and Pangerl, "Zwei Konstitutionen für die Truppen Niedermösiens vom 9. September 97", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 151 (2005), pp. 185-192
  134. So Zevi; Cooley offers no colleague for Tacitus. Peter Weiss has argued, based on more recently recovered evidence, that Scapula could have been suffect consul in September–October 99, or even later. (Weiss, "Weitere Diplomfragmente von Moesia Inferior", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 124 (1999), pp. 287-289
  135. Unless otherwise indicated, the names and dates for the years 98 - 100 are taken from Cooley, Cambridge Manual of Latin Epigraphy, pp. 466f
  136. This pair of suffects added from Vidman (Fasti Ostienses, p. 94), following Syme's suggestion (review of Degrassi, I Fasti Consolari dell' Impero Romano dal 30 Av anti Christo al 613 Dopo Christo in Journal of Roman Studies, 43 (1953), p. 154)
  137. Placed in this year by Mommsen.
  138. Unless otherwise indicated, the names and dates for the years 101 through 115 are taken from Cooley, Cambridge Manual of Latin Epigraphy, pp. 467f
  139. Added from Werner Eck, "Jahres- und Provinzialfastern der senatorischen Statthalter von 69/70 bis 138/139", Chiron, 12 (1982), p. 327 n.181
  140. Added from AE 2013, 650
  141. As proposed by Syme, "People in Pliny", Journal of Roman Studies, 58 (1968), pp. 139f
  142. It is uncertain which ordinary consul Acilius Rufus replaced.
  143. Fasti ostiensis reads ...] Rufu[s]; Attilo Degrassi and Vidman restore this name as "L. Acilius Rufus", while Ronald Syme restores it as "M. Acilius Rufus" (Syme, "Superior Suffect Consuls", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 58 (1985), pp. 239-242)
  144. This pair of consuls added from AE 2004, 1898
  145. Added from Evgeni I. Paunov and Margaret M. Roxan, "The Earliest Extant Diploma of Thrace, AD 114 (=RMD I 14)", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 119 (1997), pp. 269–279.
  146. The praenomen Marcus is attested by an inscription dated 1 September. (AE 1998, 1727)
  147. Unless otherwise indicated, the names and dates for the years 116 and 117 are taken from Werner Eck, "Konsuln des Jahres 117 in Militärdiplomen Traians mit Tribunicia Potestas XX", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 185 (2013), pp. 235–238
  148. All that survives of the name on the Fasti ostienses. Suggested restorations include Q. Cornelius Senecio Annainus (favored by Cooley) and Q. Coelius Honoratus. (Vidman Fasti Ostienses, 2nd edition, p. 114)
  149. The names and dates for this year are taken from Cooley, Cambridge Manual of Latin Epigraphy, p. 469
  150. The names and dates for this year are taken from Werner Eck and Andreas Pangerl, "Neue Diplome mit den Namen von Konsuln und Statthaltern," Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 187 (2013), p. 282
  151. The names and dates for 120 and 121 are taken from Werner Eck and Andreas Pangerl, "Ein Consul Suffectus Q. Aburnius in drei fragmentarischen Diplomen", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 185 (2013), pp. 239–247
  152. W. Eck, A. Pangerl,"Neue Diplome aus der Zeit Hadrians für die beiden mösischen Provinzen", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 207 (2018), pp. 219-224
  153. The names and dates for this year are taken from Eck and Pangerl, "Neue Diplome," pp. 287f
  154. Unless otherwise indicated, the names and dates for the years 124 through 130 are taken from Cooley, Cambridge Manual of Latin Epigraphy, pp. 469f
  155. Werner Eck and Andreas Pangerl had previously reconstructed the gentilicium of this otherwise unknown person as "Accena", but a more recently discovered military diploma proved this is his correct name. Eck and Pangerl, "Eine Konstitution für das Herr von Moesia Inferior vom 1. Juni 125 in fünf Diplomen", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 188 (2014), pp. 245–249
  156. All that survives from the Fasti ostienses is the praenomen; Vidman suggests this restoration (Vidman, Fasti Ostienses, p. 118)
  157. All that survives from the Fasti ostienses is the praenomen; Cooley suggests this restoration.
  158. Unless otherwise noted, the names and dates for the consuls from 131 to 135 are taken from Werner Eck, Paul Holder and Andreas Pangerl, "A Diploma for the Army of Britain in 132 and Hadrian's Return to Rome from the East", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 174 (2010), p. 194. The structure of the nundinia presented for those years is also used here.
  159. Unless otherwise indicated, the names and dates for the years 136 and 137 are taken from Cooley, Cambridge Manual of Latin Epigraphy, p. 471
  160. Unless otherwise noted, consuls from 138 to 161 are taken from Werner Eck, "Die Fasti consulares der Regungszeit des Antoninus Pius, eine Bestandsaufnahme seit Géza Alföldys Konsulat und Senatorenstand" in Studia epigraphica in memoriam Géza Alföldy, hg. W. Eck, B. Feher, and P. Kovács (Bonn, 2013), pp. 69–90
  161. Werner Eck and Peter Weiß have shown a fragment of a military diploma proves that the suffect consuls previously allocated to 165 are correctly placed in 142. "Tusidius Campester, cos. suff. unter Antoninus Pius, und die Fasti Ostienses der Jahrec141/142 n. Chr.", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 134 (2001), pp. 251-260
  162. So Eck ("Die Fasti consulares", p.75) and James H. Oliver ("The Solonian Constitution and a Consul of A.D. 149", Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 13 (1972), pp. 103-107) separately. Alföldy identifies this consul with Servius Cornelius Scipio Salvidienus Orfitus, proconsul of Africa 163/164 (Konsulat und Senatorenstand, p. 153)
  163. AE 1947, 59, as restored by Alföldy; Eck accepts this restoration.
  164. Thus Ronald Syme and Alföldy. Fasti ostiensis reads ...]imus; Attilo Degrassi reads "C. Julius Maximus". (Eck, "Die Fasti consulares", p. 76)
  165. Fasti ostiensis reads [...]cus; Eck restores the name as the legate of Legio III (Eck, "Die Fasti consulares", p. 77)
  166. All that survives from the Fasti ostienses is the praenomen; Eck accepts this restoration by Alföldy.
  167. Identified by Alföldy as M. Gavius Appalius Maximus. (Eck, "Die Fasti consulares", p. 77 n. 24)
  168. The son of the son of the suffect consul of 123. (Eck, "Die Fasti consulares", p. 77)
  169. Or Q. Virius Larcius Sulpicius, both suggested by Eck. The inscription these suggestions are based on, IGR III 667 reads Q. V[...]SV[...]clus. (Eck, "Die Fasti consulares", p. 79)
  170. Eck suggests that he may be identical to C. Septimus Severus, proconsul of Africa.
  171. All that survives of this suffect's name on the diploma CIL XVI, 130
  172. Ladislav Vidman, "Ein neuer Konsul des Jahres 160", Listy filologické / Folia philologica, 100 (1977), pp. 199–203
  173. Unless otherwise noted, consuls from 162 to 180 are taken from Géza Alföldy, Konsulat und Senatorenstand unter der Antoninen (Bonn: Rudolf Habelt Verlag, 1977), pp. 176-191
  174. W. Eck, A. Pangerl, "Eine neue Bürgerrechtskonstitution für die Truppen von Pannonia inferior aus dem Jahr 162 mit einem neuen Konsulnpaar", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 173 (2010), pp. 223-236
  175. P. A. Holder, Roman Military Diplomas V, (2006), p. 861
  176. C. Römer, "Diplom für einen Fußsoldaten aus Koptos vom 23. März 179", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 82 (1990), pp. 137–153
  177. Ioan Piso and Doina Benea, "Das Militärdiplom von Drobeta", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 56 (1984), pp. 263ff
  178. Unless otherwise noted, consuls from 181 to 235 are taken from Paul M. M. Leunissen, Konsuln und Konsulare in der Zeit von Commodus bis Severus Alexander, (Amsterdam: Verlag Gieben, 1989), pp. 129-137
  179. David Stone Potter, The Roman Empire at bay, AD 180–395 (2006), pg. 72
  180. CIL VI, 2100 reads ..]vo or (nominative) ...]vus for Rufus' colleague. This is the most frequent restoration.
  181. Leunissen disagrees with Dessau, Groag, and Barbieri that the gentilicium of this suffect consul could be Atulenus. (Leunissen, Konsuln und Konsulare, p. 132 n. 20)
  182. The suffects for this year are taken from Peter Weiß, "Konstitutionen eines toten Kaisers: Militärdiplome von Commodus aus dem Jahr 193 n. Chr.", PHAROS Studien zur griechisch-römischen Antike. Verlag Marie Leidorf GmbH, Rahden 2015. Verlag Marie Leidorf GmbH, Rahden 2015, pp. 273–280.
  183. Fabius Cilo was possibly a colleague of Silius Messalla. Peter Weiß, p. 277.
  184. The sources disagree on his praenomen: CIL XIII, 1754 attests "L.", while CIL VIII, 8937 attests "C."
  185. Suffectus in absentia. It is uncertain which consul he replaced. (Leunissen, Konsuln und Konsulare, p. 134 and note)
  186. This pair of suffect consuls taken from Werner Eck, "Prosopographische Bemerkungen zum Militärdiplom vom 20.12.202 n. Chr. Der Flottenpräfekt Aemilius Sullectinus und das Gentilnomen des Usurpators Regalianus", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 139 (2002), pp. 208–210.
  187. Added from Leunissen, p. 238
  188. This pair is attested in M. M. Roxan, Roman Military Diplomas, 3: 1985–93 (1994), no. 188
  189. His praenomen was confirmed by Askold Ivantchik, Oleg Pogorelets and Rostislav Savvov, "A New Roman Military Diploma from the Territory of the Ukraine", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 163 (2007), pp. 255-262
  190. Andreas Krieckhaus, "Vater und Sohn. Bemerkungen zu den severischen consules ordinarii M. Munatius Sulla Cerialis und M. Munatius Sulla Urbanus", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 153 (2005), pp. 283-284
  191. Unless otherwise noted, consuls from 236 to 285 are taken from Alan E. Samuel, Greek and Roman Chronology (München: Beck'sch, 1972), pp. 272f
  192. Cognomen restored from RMD-03, 199
  193. Olivier Hekster, Nicholas Zair, Rome and Its Empire, AD 193–284 (2008), pg. 117
  194. Bowman, Alan K. The Cambridge Ancient History: The Crisis of Empire, AD. 193–337, pg. 120
  195. Diocletian assumed the ordinary consulship in the east in opposition to Carinus in Rome – see Bagnall, Consuls of the Later Roman Empire (1987), pg. 105
  196. From the Fasti Caleni, as published in Bagnall, Roger S., et al., Consuls of the Later Roman Empire (1987), p. 110
  197. From the Fasti Caleni, as published in Bagnall, Roger S., et al., Consuls of the Later Roman Empire (1987), pp. 112–113
  198. Potentially related to Vettius Rufinus, consul of 316 AD, see discussion in Bagnall, Roger S., et al., Consuls of the Later Roman Empire (1987), p. 180
  199. Proculus seems to have fallen into disgrace and Iulianus appointed for him, see T. D. Barnes, in ZPE 21 (1976), p. 280 and T. D. Barnes, The New Empire of Diocletian and Constantine, p. 102. Proculus could be identical with the proc. Africae in 319/320 AD, see Bagnall, Roger S., et al., Consuls of the Later Roman Empire (1987), p. 184.
  200. Following p.Stras 137.20 and p.Stras 138.17 the first name could be Ionius instead of Julius, see discussion in Bagnall, Roger S., et al., Consuls of the Later Roman Empire (1987), p. 629f.
  201. This Aëtius was not the general of the Western Empire, but comes domesticorum of the Eastern court. Bagnall, Roger S.; Cameron, Alan; Schwartz, Seth R.; Worp, Klaas A. Consuls of the later Roman Empire. Philological Monographs #36. American Philological Association, 1989, p. 443
  202. "the first consul designated by a barbarian king" according to Bagnall, Roger S.; Cameron, Alan; Schwartz, Seth R.; Worp, Klaas A. (1987). Consuls of the later Roman Empire. Philological Monographs #36. American Philological Association. p. 495. ISBN 1-55540-099-X.
  203. Both consuls were Easterners – see Bagnall, Roger S.; Cameron, Alan; Schwartz, Seth R.; Worp, Klaas A. (1987). Consuls of the later Roman Empire. Philological Monographs #36. American Philological Association. p. 18. ISBN 1-55540-099-X.
  204. '[P]resumably a westerner' – Bagnall, Roger S.; Cameron, Alan; Schwartz, Seth R.; Worp, Klaas A. (1987). Consuls of the later Roman Empire. Philological Monographs #36. American Philological Association. p. 524. ISBN 1-55540-099-X.
  205. Otherwise unknown
  206. Vasiliev (1952), p. I 192.
  207. Timothy Gregory, A History of Byzantium, (Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2005), p. 227
  208. Unless otherwise noted, consuls from 535 through 613 are taken from Attilio Degrassi, I fasti consolari dell'Impero Romano dal 30 avanti Cristo al 613 dopo Cristo (Rome, 1952), pp. 99-106
  209. Latin-Greek Inscription (AE 2004, 01410)
  210. Chapman, John. Buehler, Joe (ed.). "Catholic Encyclopedia: Maxiums of Constantinople, Saint". Eternal Word Television Network.
  211. Bede (1999). Halsall, Paul (ed.). "Bede (673–734): Ecclesiastical History of the English Nation, Book V: Chapter VII". Medieval Sourcebook. Archived from the original on 2014-08-14. Retrieved 2008-01-17.
  212. Justinian II adopted the title of consul for all the Julian years of his reign, consecutively numbered.
  213. Thompson, Margaret (1940). "The American Excavations in the Athenian Agora: Eighteenth Report (Jul. – Sep., 1940): Some Unpublished Bronze Money of the Early Eighth Century". Hesperia. 9 (3): 358–380. doi:10.2307/146483. JSTOR 146483.

Further reading

Primary sources

  • Baiterus, Georgius (1837). "Consulares Triumphalesque Romanorum ad Fidem Optimorum Auctorum". In von Orelli, Johann Caspar (ed.). M. Tullii Ciceronis opera quae supersunt omnia, ac deperditorum (in Latin). Volume 12. Turici: Typis Orelli, Fuesslini et Sociorum.
  • B. Bargaglia and C. Grosso, I Fasti Ostienses, Itinerari Ostiensi 8 (1997).
  • Attilio Degrassi. Fasti Capitolini. n.p.: G. B. Paravia, 1954
  • Mommsen, Theodor; Pearse, Roger, eds. (2006) [1892]. "Part 8: List (fasti) of the consuls to 354 AD". Chronography of 354. The Tertullian Project.
  • Ladislav Vidman (ed.), Fasti ostienses. First edition: Praha: Československá Akademie Věd, 1957. Second edition: Praha: Academia, 1982
  • Richard W. Burgess, "'Non Duo Antonini Sed Duo Augusti' The Consuls of 161 and the Origins and Traditions of the Latin Consular Fasti of the Roman Empire", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 132 (2000), pp. 259–290

Secondary sources

  • Alföldy, Géza (1977). Konsulat und Senatorenstand unter den Antoninen (in German). Bonn: Habelt Verlag.
  • Bagnall, Roger S.; Cameron, Alan; Schwartz, Seth R.; Worp, Klaas A. (1987). Consuls of the Later Roman Empire. Philological Monographs #36. American Philological Association. ISBN 1-55540-099-X.
  • Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon; Patterson, Marcia L. (Collaborator) (1986). The Magistrates of the Roman Republic. Philological Monograph No. 15. American Philological Association. ISBN 0-89130-811-3.
  • Camodeca, Giuseppe (1986). "I consoli des 55–56 e un nuovo collega di seneca nel consolato: P. Cornelius Dolabella (TP.75 [=1401 +135)*". Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik (in Italian). 63: 201–215.
  • Camodeca, Giuseppe (1991). "Epigrafia. Actes du Colloque international d'epigraphie latine en mémoire de Attilio Degrassi etc". Collection de l’ecole française de Rome 143 (in Italian). Rome: 45–74. Cite journal requires |journal= (help); |contribution= ignored (help)
  • Degrassi, Attilio (1952). I fasti consolari dell'impero romano dal 30 avanti Cristo al 613 dopo Cristo (in Italian). Roma.
  • Eck, Werner (1970). Senatoren von Vespasian bis Hadrian (in German). München: Beck.
  • Eck, Werner (1975). "Ergänzungen zu den Fasti Consulares des 1. und 2. Jh.n.Chr". Historia (in German). 24: 324–344.
  • Gallivan, Paul A. (1974). "Some Comments on the Fasti for the Reign of Nero". Classical Quarterly. New Series. 24 (2): 290–311. doi:10.1017/S0009838800032821.
  • Gallivan, Paul A. (1978). "The Fasti for the Reign of Claudius". Classical Quarterly. 28 (2): 407–426. doi:10.1017/S0009838800034959.
  • Ginsburg, Judith R. (1981). "Nero's Consular Policy". American Journal of Ancient History. 6 (1): 51–68.
  • Leunissen, Paul (1989). Konsuln und Konsulare in der Zeit von Commodus bis Severus Alexander (in German). Amsterdam: Verlag Gieben.
  • Mennen, Inge (2011). Power and Status in the Roman Empire, AD 193–284. BRILL.
  • Peck, Harry Thurston, ed. (1897). "Consules". Harper's Dictionary of Classical Literature and Antiquities (Second ed.). p. 406.
  • Smith, William, ed. (1859). "Consul". A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (Second ed.). Boston: Little, Brown, and Company. pp. 352–356.
  • Smith, William; Anthon, Charles, eds. (1886). "Fasti Consulares". A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (Third American Carefully Revised ed.). New York: Harper & Brothers, Publishers. pp. 1075–1092.
  • Tortoriello, Annalisa (2004). I fasti consolari degli anni di Claudio (in Italian). Roma: Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei.
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