Member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation

The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation founded in 1969 has 57 members, 56 of which are also member states of the United Nations with 42 countries being Muslim majority countries. Some, especially in West Africa, are – though with large Muslim populations – not necessarily Muslim majority countries. A few countries with significant Muslim populations, such as Russia and Thailand, sit as Observer States, while others, such as India and Ethiopia, are not members because they have a low population of Muslims.

Member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
Member states of the OIC in green, observer states in dark blue, suspended states in red.
CategorySovereign state
LocationOrganisation of Islamic Cooperation
Created1969
Number57 (as of 2018)
Possible typesRepublics (47)
Monarchies (10)
Populations 1.8 billion

The collective population of OIC member states is over 1.8+ billion as of 2011.

The green country’s (see above) they have majority Muslim population like Saudi Arabia or Sudan.

Member states

Continent
Africa Asia Europe South America Transcontinental
Member state
Joined
Population
Muslim percentage
Area (km²)
Languages
Notes
 Afghanistan – Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
Capital: Kabul
A 1969 A 25,500,100 [1] 99.7[2] A 652,230 A Dari
Pashto
Further details
Suspended 1980 - March 1989.
 Algeria – People's Democratic Republic of Algeria
Capital: Algiers
A 1969 A 38,700,000 [1] 97.9[3] A 2,381,741 A Arabic
Tamazight
 Chad – Republic of Chad
Capital: N'Djamena
A 1969 A 13,211,000 [1] 55.3[4] A 1,284,000 A Arabic
French
 Egypt – Arab Republic of Egypt
Capital: Cairo
A 1969 A 86,748,100 [1] 94.9[5] A 1,002,450 A Arabic
Further details
Suspended May 1979 - March 1984 after signing a peace treaty with Israel.[6]
 Guinea – Republic of Guinea [note 1]
Capital: Conakry
A 1969 A 10,824,200 [1] 84.4[7] A 245,857 A French
 Indonesia – Republic of Indonesia
Capital: Jakarta
A 1969 A 252,164,800 [1] 87.2[8] A 1,904,569 A Bahasa Indonesia
Further details
Indonesia has five provinces with official special autonomy status: Aceh, Jakarta SCR, Yogyakarta SR, Papua, and West Papua.
 Iran – Islamic Republic of Iran
Capital: Tehran
A 1969 A 77,557,000 [1] 99.5[9] A 1,648,195 A Persian
 Jordan – Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
Capital: Amman
A 1969 A 6,602,960 [1] 97.2[10] A 89,342 A Arabic
 Kuwait – State of Kuwait
Capital: Kuwait City
A 1969 A 3,065,850 [1] 74.1[11] A 17,818 A Arabic
 Lebanon – Lebanese Republic
Capital: Beirut
A 1969 A 4,966,000 [1] 61.3[12] A 10,452 A Arabic
 Libya – State of Libya
Capital: Tripoli
A 1969 A 6,253,000 [1] 96.6[13] A 1,759,540 A Arabic
 Malaysia
Capital: Kuala Lumpur
A 1969 A 30,180,000 [1] 63.7[14] A 330,803 A Bahasa Melayu
Further details
Malaysia is a federation of 13 states and three federal territories.
 Mali – Republic of Mali
Capital: Bamako
A 1969 A 15,768,000 [1] 94.4[15] A 1,240,192 A French
Further details
Mali is a republic constituted by 8 regions.
 Mauritania – Islamic Republic of Mauritania
Capital: Nouakchott
A 1969 A 3,461,041 [1] 99.1[16] A 1,030,700 A Arabic
 Morocco – Kingdom of Morocco
Capital: Rabat
A 1969 A 33,309,400 [1] 99.9[17] A 446,550 A Arabic
Tamazight
Further details
Morocco claims sovereignty over Western Sahara and controls most of it, which is disputed by the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.
 Niger – Republic of Niger
Capital: Niamey
A 1969 A 17,138,707 [1] 98.4[18] A 1,267,000 A French
 Pakistan – Islamic Republic of Pakistan
Capital: Islamabad
A 1969 A 207,774,520 [1] 96.4[19] A 881,912 A Urdu
English
Further details
Pakistan is a federation of four provinces, 1 capital territory, and tribal regions. Pakistan disputes Indian sovereignty over Kashmir. It exercises control over some areas, but does not explicitly claim any part of it,[20][21] instead regarding it as a disputed territory.[22][23] The portions that it controls are divided into two polities, administered separately from Pakistan proper:[note 2]
 Palestine – State of Palestine [24]
Capital: Jerusalem, Ramallah (administrative), Gaza City (administrative)
A 1969[25] A 4,420,549 [1] 97.6[26][note 3] A 6,220 A Arabic
Further details
The declared State of Palestine has received diplomatic recognition from 138 states.[27] The proclaimed state has no agreed territorial borders, or effective control on much of the territory that it proclaimed.[28] The Palestinian National Authority is an interim administrative body formed as a result of the Oslo Accords that exercises limited autonomous jurisdiction within the Palestinian territories. In foreign relations, Palestine is represented by the Palestine Liberation Organization. The State of Palestine is a member state of UNESCO,[29] and an observer state to the United Nations General Assembly.
 Saudi Arabia – Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Capital: Riyadh
A 1969 A 29,994,272 [1] 93.0[30] A 2,149,690 A Arabic
 Senegal – Republic of Senegal
Capital: Dakar
A 1969 A 12,873,601 [1] 96.4[31] A 196,722 A French
 Somalia – Federal Republic of Somalia
Capital: Mogadishu
A 1969 A 10,806,000 [1] 99.8[32] A 637,657 A Arabic
Somali
Further details
Following the adoption of the Provisional Federal Constitution in August 2012, Somalia is a federation, the Federal Republic of Somalia, which is divided into several Federal Member States.[33]
 Sudan – Republic of the Sudan
Capital: Khartoum
A 1969 A 37,289,406 [1] 90.7[34][note 4] A 1,886,068 A Arabic
English
Further details
Sudan is a federation of 17 states. Disputes Abyei and Kafia Kingi with South Sudan.
 Tunisia – Republic of Tunisia
Capital: Tunis
A 1969 A 10,886,500 [1] 99.5[36] A 163,610 A Arabic
 Turkey – Republic of Turkey
Capital: Ankara
A 1969 A 76,667,864 [1] 98.0[37] A 783,562 A Turkish
Further details
Transcontinental country in Europe and Asia, classified as West Asian countries by the United Nations Statistics Division:  Turkey
 Yemen – Republic of Yemen
Capital: Sana'a
A 1969 A 25,235,000 [1] 99.1[38] A 527,968 A Arabic
Further details
Joined separately as  North Yemen and  South Yemen. Both unified in 1990.
 Bahrain – Kingdom of Bahrain
Capital: Manama
A 1970 A 1,234,571 [1] 70.3[39] A 765 A Arabic
 Oman – Sultanate of Oman
Capital: Muscat
A 1970 A 4,020,000 [1] 85.9[40] A 309,500 A Arabic
 Qatar – State of Qatar
Capital: Doha
A 1970 A 2,174,035 [1] 67.7[41] A 11,586 A Arabic
 Syria – Syrian Arab Republic
Capital: Damascus
A 1970 A 21,987,000 [1] 92.8[42] A 185,180 A Arabic
Further details
The Syrian National Coalition, which is recognized as the legitimate representative of the Syrian people by 20 UN members, has established an interim government to rule rebel controlled territory during the Syrian civil war.

Syria has one self-declared autonomous region:

Suspended in August 2012 during the Syrian civil war.[43]

 United Arab Emirates
Capital: Abu Dhabi
A 1971 A 9,446,000 [1] 76.9[44] A 83,600 A Arabic
Further details
The United Arab Emirates is a federation of seven emirates.
 Sierra Leone – Republic of Sierra Leone
Capital: Freetown
A 1972 A 6,190,280 [1] 78.0[45] A 71,740 A English
 Bangladesh – People's Republic of Bangladesh
Capital: Dhaka
A 1974 A 156,569,000 [1] 90.4[46] A 147,570 A Bengali
 Gabon – Gabonese Republic
Capital: Libreville
A 1974 A 1,711,000 [1] 11.2[47] A 267,668 A French
Gambia  Gambia, The – Republic of the Gambia
Capital: Banjul
A 1974 A 1,882,450 [1] 95.1[48] A 11,295 A English
 Guinea-Bissau – Republic of Guinea-Bissau
Capital: Bissau
A 1974 A 1,746,000 [1] 45.1[49] A 36,125 A Portuguese
 Uganda – Republic of Uganda
Capital: Kampala
A 1974 A 35,357,000 [1] 11.5[50] A 241,550 A English
Swahili
 Burkina Faso [note 5]
Capital: Ouagadougou
A 1975 A 18,105,570 [1] 61.6[51] A 241,550 A French
 Cameroon – Republic of Cameroon
Capital: Yaoundé
A 1975 A 35,357,000 [1] 18.3[52] A 241,550 A French
English
 Comoros – Union of the Comoros
Capital: Moroni
A 1976 A 743,798 [1] 98.3[53] A 1,862 A Comorian
French
Arabic
Further details
Comoros is a federation of 3 islands.[note 6][54]
 Iraq – Republic of Iraq
Capital: Baghdad
A 1976 A 36,004,552 [1] 99.0[55] A 438,317 A Arabic
Kurdish
Further details
Iraq is a federation [56] of 18 governorates, three of which make up the autonomous:
 Maldives – Republic of Maldives
Capital: Malé
A 1976 A 317,280 [1] 98.4[57] A 300 A Dhivehi
 Djibouti – Republic of Djibouti
Capital: Djibouti
A 1978 A 886,000 [1] 96.9[58] A 23,200 A Arabic
French
 Benin – Republic of Benin [note 7]
Capital: Porto-Novo
A 1982 A 9,988,068 [1] 23.8[59] A 112,622 A French
 Brunei – Negara Brunei Darussalam
Capital: Bandar Seri Begawan
A 1984 A 393,162 [1] 75.1[60] A 5,765 A Malay
Further details
Brunei is a nation constituted by 4 districts.
 Nigeria – Federal Republic of Nigeria
Capital: Abuja
A 1986 A 206,630,269 [1] 53.5[61] A 923,768 A English
Further details
Nigeria is a federation of 36 states and 1 federal territory.
 Azerbaijan – Republic of Azerbaijan
Capital: Baku
A 1991 A 9,477,100 [1] 96.9[62] A 86,600 A Azerbaijani
Further details
Azerbaijan contains two autonomous regions, Nakhchivan and Nagorno-Karabakh (Dağlıq Qarabağ).[note 8]

Transcontinental country in Europe and Asia, classified as West Asian countries by the United Nations Statistics Division:  Azerbaijan

 Albania – Republic of Albania
Capital: Tirana
A 1992 A 2,821,977 [1] 56.7[63] A 28,748 A Albanian
Further details
Albania is a republic constituted by 12 counties.
 Kyrgyzstan – Kyrgyz Republic
Capital: Bishkek
A 1992 A 5,976,570 [1] 88.0[64] A 199,951 A Kyrgyz
Russian
 Tajikistan – Republic of Tajikistan
Capital: Dushanbe
A 1992 A 8,860,000 [1] 96.7[65] A 143,100 A Tajiki
Further details
Tajikistan contains 1 autonomous region, Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province.
 Turkmenistan
Capital: Ashgabat
A 1992 A 5,607,000 [1] 93.0[66] A 488,100 A Turkmen
 Mozambique – Republic of Mozambique
Capital: Maputo
A 1994 A 23,700,715 [1] 18.0[67] A 801,590 A Portuguese
 Kazakhstan – Republic of Kazakhstan
Capital: Astana
A 1995 A 17,244,000 [1] 70.4[68] A 2,724,900 A Kazakh
Russian
Further details
Transcontinental country in Europe and Asia, classified as West Asian countries by the United Nations Statistics Division:  Kazakhstan
 Uzbekistan – Republic of Uzbekistan
Capital: Tashkent
A 1995 A 33,492,800 [1] 96.7[69] A 447,400 A Uzbek
Further details
Uzbekistan contains 1 autonomous region:
 Suriname – Republic of Suriname
Capital: Paramaribo
A 1996 A 534,189 [1] 15.2[70] A 163,820 A Dutch
 Togo – Togolese Republic
Capital: Lomé
A 1997 A 6,993,000 [1] 14.0[71] A 56,785 A French
 Guyana – Co-operative Republic of Guyana
Capital: Georgetown
A 1998 A 784,894 [1] 6.4[72] A 214,969 A English
 Ivory Coast – Republic of Côte d'Ivoire
Capital: Yamoussoukro
A 2001 A 23,202,000 [1] 37.5[73] A 322,463 A French

Observer states

Member state
Joined
Population
Muslim percentage
Area (km²)
Languages
Notes
 Bosnia and Herzegovina
Capital: Sarajevo
A 1994 A 3,791,622 [1] 50.7[74] A 51,209 A Bosnian
Serbian
Croatian
Further details
Bosnia and Herzegovina is a federation of two constituent units:

and Brčko District, a self-governing administrative unit.[note 9]
Was given an invitation in 2013 by the OIC to join as a full member.[75]

 Central African Republic
Capital: Bangui
A 1997 A 4,709,000 [1] 08.5[76] A 622,984 A French
 Northern Cyprus – Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
Capital: Nicosia
A 1979 [77] A 294,906 [1] 99[78][note 10] A 3,355 A Turkish
Further details
Recognised only by Turkey. Under the name "Turkish Cypriot State", it is an observer state of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and the Economic Cooperation Organization. Northern Cyprus is claimed in whole by the Republic of Cyprus.[80]
  • Designation changed in 2004[81]
  • Egypt, Iran and the United Arab Emirates requested at September 2014's summit of the OIC in New York that the Turkish Cypriot State not be referred to in the meeting conclusions.[82][83][84]
  • OIC SG received the president and foreign minister of Northern Cyprus.[85][86]
  • In 2017, Northern Cyprus was represented with its official name "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" for the first time at an OIC conference in Saudi Arabia.[87][88]
 Thailand – Kingdom of Thailand
Capital: Bangkok
A 1998 A 64,456,700 [1] 05.5[89] A 513,120 A Thai
Further details
Thailand is a kingdom constituted by 76 provinces.
 Russia – Russian Federation
Capital: Moscow
A 2005 A 146,048,500 [1] 10.0[90] A 17,125,242 A Russian
Further details
Russia is officially a federation of 85 federal subjects (republics, oblasts, krais, autonomous okrugs, federal cities, and an autonomous oblast).[note 11]

Russia effectively administers Crimea as two federal subjects:

The Treaty on Accession of the Republic of Crimea to Russia was signed between representatives of the Republic of Crimea (including Sevastopol, with which the rest of Crimea briefly unified) and the Russian Federation on 18 March 2014 to lay out terms for the immediate admission of the Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol as federal subjects of Russia and part of the Russian Federation. It was ratified by the Federal Assembly by March 21.

Transcontinental countries in Europe and Asia, classified as Eastern European countries by the United Nations Statistics Division:  Russia

Withdrawn

Suspended or withdrawn state Joined Notes
 Zanzibar 1993 Withdrew August 1993

Observer organisations and communities

Organisation or community Joined Notes
Moro National Liberation Front 1977 Blocking membership of the Philippines

Observer Islamic institutions

Islamic institution Joined Notes
Parliamentary Union of the OIC Member States 2000
Islamic Conference Youth Forum for Dialogue and Cooperation 2005

Observer international organisations

Organisation Joined Notes
League of Arab States 1975
United Nations 1976
Non-Aligned Movement 1977
African Union 1977
Economic Cooperation Organization 1995

Membership attempts

  •  Belarus - Requested observer status in 2010.[91][92]
  •  Brazil - Requested observer status in 2011.[93]
  •  Central African Republic - Requested full membership in 2002.[91][94]
  •  China - Requested observer status in 2012.[95]
  •  Democratic Republic of Congo - Requested observer status in 2008[96] and full membership in 2011.[92]
  •  India - India, where Muslims are a minority had shown an interest in joining the OIC as a member state at the time of its formation.[97] However, it was opposed by Pakistan. India has never made a formal application to join OIC as an observer or as a member state.[98] While India's potential candidacy is supported by some OIC members,[99] Pakistan's strong opposition and threat to boycott the OIC has effectively led to India's inclusion in the OIC being blocked. The Pakistan Foreign Office has argued that India's inclusion in OIC would violate the rules of the OIC, which require that an aspirant state should not have an ongoing conflict with a member state.[100]
  •  Kenya - Requested full membership in 2011.[92]
  •  Liberia - Requested full membership in November 2016.[101]
  •  Mauritius - Requested full membership in 2002.[91][94]
  •    Nepal - Requested observer status in 2008.[96]
  •  Philippines - Requested observer status in 2008.[96] The Philippine government has made attempts to join the OIC, but this is opposed by the Moro National Liberation Front, an OIC observer located in the Philippines. The MNLF claims that Philippine membership is unnecessary. In 2009, the country's bid received stronger support and has been advocated by Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, and the United Arab Emirates, among others.[102][103][104][105] In 2019, one of the leaders of the MNLF, Nir Misuari, was appointed as a special envoy to the organization.[106]
  •  Serbia - Requested observer status in 2008.[96]
  •  South Africa - Requested observer status in 2002.[96]
  •  Sri Lanka - Requested observer status in 2008.[96]

Notes

  1. Also known as Guinea-Conakry.
  2. Sovereignty over Kashmir is disputed between India and Pakistan; smaller parts are disputed by the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China. Kashmir is divided between India, Pakistan and the PRC. See the List of territorial disputes.
  3. It is not clear whether this figure includes areas such as Gaza, East Jerusalem, and other parts of the Israeli-occupied West Bank that are not controlled by the Palestinian Authority.
  4. This 2010 figure does not include South Sudan, even though it only gained independence from Sudan in 2011. Pew Research Center gives 6.2% for South Sudan's Muslim population in 2010.[35]
  5. Also known as Burkina; formerly referred to as Upper Volta, its official name until 1984.
  6. More information on more or less federal structures can be found at a List of federations.
  7. Formerly referred to as Dahomey, its official name until 1975.
  8. In Nagorno-Karabakh, a de facto state has been established.
  9. For more information about the division of Bosnia and Herzegovina, see Dayton Agreement and the text of The General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina Archived 2015-06-04 at the Wayback Machine (14 December 1995). Office of the High Representative. Retrieved 28 February 2011.
  10. This figure is published in 2013, unlike the Pew Research Center figures which are from 2010. Pew does not appear to have separate figures for Northern Cyprus, which is not a widely recognised state, but gives 25.3% as the Muslim percentage of the whole of Cyprus in 2010.[79]
  11. Several of the federal subjects are ethnic republics.

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