Road signs in Germany

Road signs and symbols used in Germany are prescribed under the Straßenverkehrs-Ordnung (StVO) (German Road Traffic Act) and the Katalog der Verkehrszeichen (VzKat) (Catalog of Traffic Signs).[1][2]

Paragraph 9 of the StVO states that "The traffic signs and installations illustrated in annexes 1 to 4 may also be installed with the alternatives described in the Catalog of Traffic Signs." (The Catalog of Traffic Signs (VZKat) is published in the Federal Ministry of Transport Gazette by the Federal Ministry of Transport, Building, and Infrastructure.) The VzKat was issued in May 2017[2] under the Allgemeine Verwaltungsvorschrift zur Straßenverkehrs-Ordnung] (VwV-StVO) (general administrative regulations for the Road Traffic Act).[3]

All signs have assigned numbers. The suffix number after the hyphen refers to the variation of the sign; the suffix on signs with variable numbers is the number depicted on the sign (e.g. speed limit, maximum height, etc.).[2]

Symbols

Symbols pursuant to paragraphs 7, 10, and 11 of the StVO:[1]

Danger signs

Danger signs pursuant to part 2 of the VzKat which includes permissible variations of signs listed in annex 1 of the StVO. When one sign has two sign numbers, the first number is the illustrated sign while the latter number is a mirrored or slightly altered version of the sign.

General danger signs

Special danger signs approaching railroad crossings

Regulatory signs

Regulatory signs pursuant to part 3 of the VzKat which includes permissible variations of signs listed in annex 2 of the StVO. When one sign has two sign numbers, the first number is the illustrated sign while the latter number is a mirrored or slightly altered version of the sign.

Waiting and stopping requirements

Mandatory direction of travel

Mandatory passing

Drivable shoulders, bus stops, and taxi stands

Dedicated paths and lanes

Priority

Reißverschlussverfahren[4]
"Zipper Rule" for 1-Way Traffic Merging & 2-Way Traffic Priorities

Environmental factors

Yield as necessary to not endanger yourself or other road users

Traffic priority - priority roads

Priority Travel Does Not Yield, Signal All Turns

Other factors

Yield or Reduce Speed as Necessary [5]

Vehicle classifications & specifics

Official (base) Symbols in Germany as per Straßenverkehrs-Ordnung (StVO) § 39 Verkehrszeichen[7]

Basic

Red Ring

In addition to any sign/placard, the Red Ring forbids (in general) the item noted and anything of greater size or value; i.e., if a car is pictured, then not only are cars not permitted verboten but also trucks too.

A Red Ring is also a traffic sign itself: No Vehicles (of any type) Permitted, Pushing Motorcycles/Mopeds/Bicycles Permitted

Bicycles & mopeds

Motorcycles

Classified as above/below 500 cc motor size, and with or without sidecar

Cars/automobiles

Personenkraftwagen - Pkw[8] – "Powered Car for (the transport of) Persons"; e.g., cars/automobiles

Recreational vehicles, farm equipment or animal powered

Trucks & lorries

Lastkraftwagen - Lkw[9] – "Powered Car for Loads", e.g., truck, lorry, semi, tractor-trailer

Kraftfahrzeuge (Kfz)[10] mit einer zulässigen Gesamtmasse über 3,5 t, einschließlich ihrer Anhänger, und Zugmaschinen, ausgenommen Personenkraftwagen und Kraftomnibusse – Motor vehicles with a maximum authorized mass of more than 3,5 t, including their trailers, and tractors other than cars and buses

Restrictions & allowances for vehicles (generally larger) than cars

Dangerous or hazardous cargos

Buses, public transit & rail

Buses (generally) and trains (always) have the priority/right of way[12]

Others

Basics

Basic Traffic Controls

Speed Controls & Limits

Passing & Overtaking

Other

Autobahn

German Limited Access Highway - Blue Background[13]

Signs used on Autobahn

Signs leading to Autobahn

other signs

Signs of federal highways

Note: Though road design of Kraftfahrstrasse is comparable to Autobahn, speed limit is mandatory, signposting is similar but has yellow background.

Bundesstraße - non-limited access highways or main roads - yellow background

Urban or built-up areas

Traffic priority - priority roads

Priority Travel Does Not Yield, Signal All Turns

Fahrtbahn/Streifen - driving lane controls

Roadway lanes delineated by lines for/of single vehicle width

Dedicated lane use required for ...

Special zones

Stopping, waiting, parking

Parking is considered any stop exceeding three minutes.

Absolutely no stopping or waiting on traffic lanes (Emergency Excepted)

No waiting/standing longer than 3 minutes on traffic lanes - "Loading/Unloading & Pick-up/Drop-off Zone"

Bus Stop & Taxi Zones

Road markings/lines

Intersections & Crosswalks[14]

Driving Lanes

Information signs

Informational signs

Standardized traffic symbols

Arrows

Road equipment

Retired signs

Obsolete signs since 2017 [15]

Obsolete signs since 2013 [15]

References

  1. "Straßenverkehrs-Ordnung (StVO) § 39 Verkehrszeichen". Federal Ministry of Transport. Retrieved 18 August 2020.
  2. "VzKat 2017" (in German). 5 July 2020. Retrieved 18 August 2020.
  3. "Allgemeine Verwaltungsvorschrift zur Straßenverkehrs-Ordnung] (VwV-StVO)". Retrieved 18 August 2020.
  4. de:Reißverschlussverfahren
  5. "§ 39 StVO 2013 - Einzelnorm". www.gesetze-im-internet.de.
  6. "German Road Signs: Guide to Parking & Road Signs in Germany". Auto Europe. Retrieved 17 November 2015.
  7. name="LoC"www.bast.de
  8. "Personenkraftwagen". 11 April 2018 via Wikipedia.
  9. "Lastkraftwagen". 16 April 2018 via Wikipedia.
  10. "Kraftfahrzeug". 20 April 2018 via Wikipedia.
  11. "Sattelzug". 25 April 2018 via Wikipedia.
  12. /Traffic: Priority (right of way)
  13. "Brian's Guide to Getting Around Germany - The Autobahn". www.gettingaroundgermany.info.
  14. de:Straßenmarkierung
  15. "www.bast.de".
  16. "§ 40 StVO 2013 - Einzelnorm". www.gesetze-im-internet.de.
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