Rockingham, Vermont

Rockingham is a town in Windham County, Vermont, United States, along the Connecticut River. The population was 5,282 at the 2010 census. Rockingham includes the incorporated villages of Bellows Falls and Saxtons River, as well as a large rural area west of Interstate 91.

Rockingham, Vermont
Town
Pleasant Valley Grange Hall, next to the Rockingham Meeting House
Rockingham, Vermont
Rockingham, Vermont
Location in the United States
Coordinates: 43°9′57″N 72°28′54″W
CountryUnited States
StateVermont
CountyWindham
Chartered1752
Area
 • Total42.3 sq mi (109.6 km2)
 • Land41.9 sq mi (108.5 km2)
 • Water0.4 sq mi (1.1 km2)
Elevation
1,037 ft (316 m)
Population
 (2010)
 • Total5,282
 • Density123.1/sq mi (48.7/km2)
Time zoneUTC-5 (Eastern (EST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC-4 (EDT)
ZIP code
05101
Area code(s)802
FIPS code50-60250[1]
GNIS feature ID1462189[2]

Rockingham has no formal town center, instead town offices and the Rockingham Public Library are located in the village of Bellows Falls. The approximate center is the Rockingham Meeting House on Route 103, a popular east–west route across the state. The Meeting House was built in Rockingham Village, once the main settlement in the town, but with the increased use of water power, population shifted to other villages located on the two rivers in town. Most of what was left of Rockingham Village (over a dozen buildings, also called the Old Town) burned in a fire on April 14, 1908; the fire came close to the Meeting House but it was saved.[3] The houses, hotel and store that burned were not rebuilt.[4]

History
Street scene, Rockingham Village, c. 1910
Bellows Falls Village, Rockingham, 1915

One of the New Hampshire grants, it was chartered by Governor Benning Wentworth on December 28, 1752 and named for Lord Rockingham. The township was granted to Samuel Johnson and 72 others. First settled in 1753, pioneers fished for salmon and shad.[5] By 1771, the population reached 225. In 1785, Colonel Enoch Hale erected the first bridge over the Connecticut River, and until 1796, it remained the only bridge across.[5] The village of Bellows Falls became an important mill town.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 42.3 square miles (109.6 km2), of which 41.9 square miles (108.5 km2) is land and 0.4 square mile (1.1 km2) (0.97%) is water. It is drained by the Williams River, the Saxtons River, and several brooks that drain directly to the Connecticut River; the latter river is the eastern boundary of Rockingham.

It is crossed by Interstate 91, U.S. Route 5, Vermont Route 103 and Vermont Route 121.

Demographics
Historical population
CensusPop.%±
17901,235—
18001,68436.4%
18101,95416.0%
18202,15510.3%
18302,2725.4%
18402,3302.6%
18502,83721.8%
18602,9042.4%
18702,854−1.7%
18803,79733.0%
18904,57920.6%
19005,80926.9%
19106,2076.9%
19206,2310.4%
19305,302−14.9%
19405,7378.2%
19505,499−4.1%
19605,7043.7%
19705,501−3.6%
19805,5380.7%
19905,484−1.0%
20005,309−3.2%
20105,282−0.5%
2014 (est.)5,140[6]−2.7%
U.S. Decennial Census[7]

As of the census[1] of 2000, there were 5,309 people, 2,202 households, and 1,387 families residing in the town. The population density was 126.7 people per square mile (48.9/km2). There were 2,425 housing units at an average density of 57.9 per square mile (22.3/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 97.38% White, 0.34% African American, 0.09% Native American, 0.55% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 0.26% from other races, and 1.32% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.15% of the population.

There were 2,202 households, out of which 31.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.2% were couples living together and joined in either marriage or civil union, 12.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.0% were non-families. 30.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 2.96.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.1% under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 27.1% from 25 to 44, 25.5% from 45 to 64, and 15.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.6 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $33,423, and the median income for a family was $45,503. Males had a median income of $29,200 versus $22,944 for females. The per capita income for the town was $19,051. About 4.8% of families and 10.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.5% of those under age 18 and 9.6% of those age 65 or over.

Listed on National Register of Historic Places
Rockingham Meeting House

Locations

The following smaller villages are within Rockingham:[9]

  • Bartonsville, a hamlet established by Jeremiah Barton about 1840, once a stop on the Rutland Railroad
  • Brockways Mills, a mill site and stop on the Rutland Railroad
  • Campbridgeport, a hamlet named after J.T. Campbridge, partially within the town of Grafton

Notable people

References
  1. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  2. "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  3. Brattleboro Reformer, April 17, 1908, page 2, Image 2. https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn97067589/1908-04-17/ed-1/seq-2/
  4. Incorrect year listed for the fire (1909). Lovell, F.S, and L.C. Lovell. 1958. History of the Town of Rockingham, Vermont, including the villages of Bellows Falls, Saxtons River, Rockingham, Cambridgeport, and Bartonsville, 1907-1957, with family genealogies. Published by the town, Bellows Falls, VT.
  5. A. J. Coolidge & J. B. Mansfield, A History and Description of New England; Boston, Massachusetts 1859
  6. "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014". Archived from the original on May 23, 2015. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  7. "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 16, 2015.
  8. Description of Parker Hill from National Register Nomination Information
  9. "Town of Rockingham, Vermont, Our Community". Retrieved May 20, 2018.
  10. "The Late Hugh H. Henry". Burlington Free Press. Burlington, VT. December 21, 1869. p. 3 – via Newspapers.com.
  11. Hiram Carleton, Genealogical and Family History of the State of Vermont, Volume 1, 1903, page 286
  12. Lyman Simpson Hayes, History of the Town of Rockingham, Vermont, 1907, page 691

Further reading
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