Wordian
In the geologic timescale, the Wordian is an age or stage of the Permian. It is the middle of three subdivisions of the Guadalupian epoch or series. The Wordian lasted between 268.8 and 265.1 million years ago (Ma). It was preceded by the Roadian and followed by the Capitanian.[2]
| Wordian | |
|---|---|
| 268.8 ± 0.5 – 265.1 ± 0.4 Ma | |
| Chronology | |
Key events in the Permian -300 — – -295 — – -290 — – -285 — – -280 — – -275 — – -270 — – -265 — – -260 — – -255 — – -250 — An approximate timescale of key Permian events. Axis scale: millions of years ago. | |
| Etymology | |
| Name formality | Formal |
| Usage information | |
| Celestial body | Earth |
| Regional usage | Global (ICS) |
| Time scale(s) used | ICS Time Scale |
| Definition | |
| Chronological unit | Age |
| Stratigraphic unit | Stage |
| Time span formality | Formal |
| Lower boundary definition | FAD of the Conodont Jinogondolella aserrata |
| Lower boundary GSSP | Guadalupe Pass, Guadalupe Mountains, Texas, USA 31.8658°N 104.8328°W |
| GSSP ratified | 2001[1] |
| Upper boundary definition | FAD of the Conodont Jinogondolella postserrata |
| Upper boundary GSSP | Nipple Hill, Guadalupe Mountains, Texas, USA 31.9091°N 104.7892°W |
| GSSP ratified | 2001[1] |
Stratigraphy
The Wordian stage was introduced into scientific literature by Johan August Udden in 1916 and was named after the Word Formation of the North American Permian Basin. The Wordian was first used as a stratigraphic subdivision of the Guadalupian in 1961,[3] when both names were still only used regionally in the southern US. The stage was added to the internationally used ISC timescale in 2001.[4]
The base of the Wordian stage is defined as the place in the stratigraphic record where fossils of conodont species Jinogondolella aserrata first appear. The global reference profile for this stratigraphic boundary is located at Getaway Ledge in the Guadalupe Mountains of Texas.
The top of the Wordian (the base of the Capitanian stage) is defined as the place in the stratigraphic record where the conodont species Jinogondolella postserrata first appears.
The Wordian stage was part of the time in which the Zechstein was deposited in Europe.
Biodiversity
Olson’s Extinction, a worldwide loss of terrestrial vertebrate life occurred during the Early Guadalupian (Roadian, Wordian).[5]
Wordian life
Actinopterygians
| Actinopterygii of the Wordian | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Taxa | Presence | Location | Description | Images |
| Carboniferous to Lopingian | Russia | A non-neopterygian |
| |
|
Permian | Russia | A non-neopterygian | |
Amphibia
| Amphibia of the Wordian | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Taxa | Presence | Location | Description | Images |
| Wordian - Wuchiapingian | Brazil | A stereospondyl temnospondyl amphibian, possibly a rhinesuchid. | ||
| 268.0–265.0 Ma | Russia | A genus of dissorophoid temnospondyl amphibian of the family Dissorophidae. | ||
| 268.0–265.0 Ma | Perm Krai, Russia | A genus of dissorophoid temnospondyl amphibian of the family Dissorophidae. It was very closely related to the earlier Cacops and its contemporary Zygosaurus.. | ||
| 268.0–265.0 Ma | Isheevo Assemblage Zone and Amanakskaya Formation, European Russia | An archegosaurid temnospondyl amphibian. | ||
| 268.0–265.0 Ma | Russia | A genus of dissorophoid temnospondyl amphibian of the family Dissorophidae. It was very closely related to the earlier Cacops its contemporary Kamacops. | ||
Diapsids
| Diapsida of the Wordian | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Taxa | Presence | Location | Description | Images |
| Guadalupian | Russia | A neodiapsid | ||
Parareptilia
| Parareptiles of the Wordian | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Taxa | Presence | Location | Description | Images |
| late Roadian to latest Wordian | Russia | A procolophonomorph parareptile. | ||
Synapsids (non-therapsid)
| Synapsida of the Wordian | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Taxa | Presence | Location | Description | Images |
| Guadalupian | Russia | A caseasaurian |
| |
Therapsids
| Therapsida of the Wordian | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Taxa | Presence | Location | Description | Images |
| Guadalupian | Perm Krai, Russia | A biarmosuchian therapsid |
| |
| Guadalupian | South Africa | A dicynodont therapsid | ||
| Guadalupian | Perm Krai, Russia | A biarmosuchian therapsid | ||
| Guadalupian | Russia | A dinocephalian therapsid | ||
| Guadalupian | Russia | A biarmosuchian therapsid | ||
| Guadalupian | Russia | A dinocephalian therapsid | ||
| Guadalupian | South Africa | An anomodont therapsid | ||
| Guadalupian | Russia | A phthinosuchid therapsid | ||
| Guadalupian | South Africa | A dinocephalian therapsid | ||
References
- "GSSP for Roadian Stage". International Commission on Stratigraphy. International Commission on Stratigraphy. Retrieved 13 December 2020.
- Gradstein, F.M.; Ogg, J.G. & Smith, A.G.; 2004: A Geologic Time Scale 2004, Cambridge University Press
- Glenister, B.F. & Furnish, W.M.; 1961: The Permian ammonoids of Australia, Journal of Paleontology 35(4), pp 673–736.
- Glenister, B.F.; Wardlaw, B.R.; Lambert, L.L.; Spinosa, C.; Bowring, S.A.; Erwin, D.H.; Menning, M. & Wilde, G.L.; 1999: Proposal of Guadalupian and Component Roadian, Wordian and Capitanian Stages as International Standards for the Middle Permian Series, Permophiles 34: pp 3–11.
- Sahney, S. & Benton, M.J. (2008). "Recovery from the most profound mass extinction of all time" (PDF). Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 275 (1636): 759–65. doi:10.1098/rspb.2007.1370. PMC 2596898. PMID 18198148.
External links
- GeoWhen Database - Wordian
- Upper Paleozoic stratigraphic chart at the website of the subcommission for stratigraphic information of the ICS