Yamagata Prefecture
Yamagata Prefecture (山形県, Yamagata-ken) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Tōhoku region of Honshu.[1] Yamagata Prefecture has a population of 1,079,950 (1 June 2019) and has a geographic area of 9,325 km² (3,600 sq mi). Yamagata Prefecture borders Akita Prefecture to the north, Miyagi Prefecture to the east, Fukushima Prefecture to the south, and Niigata Prefecture to the southwest.
Yamagata Prefecture
山形県 | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Japanese transcription(s) | |||||||||||||||
| • Japanese | 山形県 | ||||||||||||||
| • Rōmaji | Yamagata-ken | ||||||||||||||
 Flag  Symbol | |||||||||||||||
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| Country | Japan | ||||||||||||||
| Region | Tōhoku | ||||||||||||||
| Island | Honshu | ||||||||||||||
| Capital | Yamagata | ||||||||||||||
| Subdivisions | Districts: 8, Municipalities: 35 | ||||||||||||||
| Government | |||||||||||||||
| • Governor | Mieko Yoshimura | ||||||||||||||
| Area | |||||||||||||||
| • Total | 9,325.15 km2 (3,600.46 sq mi) | ||||||||||||||
| Area rank | 9th | ||||||||||||||
| Population (June 1, 2019) | |||||||||||||||
| • Total | 1,079,950 | ||||||||||||||
| • Rank | 35th | ||||||||||||||
| • Density | 120/km2 (300/sq mi) | ||||||||||||||
| ISO 3166 code | JP-06 | ||||||||||||||
| Website | www | ||||||||||||||
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Yamagata is the capital and largest city of Yamagata Prefecture, with other major cities including Tsuruoka, Sakata, and Yonezawa.[2] Yamagata Prefecture is located on Japan's western Sea of Japan coast and its borders with neighboring prefectures are formed by various mountain ranges, with 17% of its total land area being designated as Natural Parks. Yamagata Prefecture formed the southern half of the historic Dewa Province with Akita Prefecture and is home to the Three Mountains of Dewa, which includes the Haguro Five-story Pagoda, a recognised National Treasure of Japan.
History
The aboriginal Ezo (蝦夷) people once inhabited the area now known as Yamagata. Yamagata and Akita Prefecture were known as Dewa Province until the Meiji Restoration.[3]
During the Heian period (794–1185), the Fujiwara (藤原) family ruled the area. Yamagata City flourished during the Edo period (1603–1867) due to its status as a castle town and post station, famous for beni (red safflower dye used in the production of handspun silk). In 1689, the famous haiku poet, Matsuo Bashō visited Yamagata during his five-month trip to the northern regions of Japan.
Geography
City Town Village
Yamagata Prefecture is located in the southwest corner of Tōhoku, facing the Sea of Japan. It borders Niigata Prefecture and Fukushima Prefecture on the south, Miyagi Prefecture on the east, and Akita Prefecture on the north. All of these boundaries are marked by mountains, with most of the population residing in a limited central plain.
As of 31 March 2020, 17 percent of the total land area of the prefecture was designated as Natural Parks, namely the Bandai-Asahi National Park; Chōkai, Kurikoma, and Zaō Quasi-National Parks; and Goshōzan, Kabusan, Kennan, Mogamigawa, Shōnai Kaihin, and Tendō Kōgen Prefectural Natural Parks.[4]
Cities
Thirteen cities are located in Yamagata Prefecture:
Mergers
Climate
The climate of Yamagata Prefecture is characterized by long, hot, and humid summers and long, snowy winters. Both spring and autumn are short, the former often cold, the latter often warm, but both quite dry and sunny. Yamagata Prefecture, along with northern parts of Miyagi and Iwate are the transition areas from humid subtropical climate (Koppen Cfa/Cwa) to humid continental within the Japan mainland. Winter temperatures rarely fall below −10 °C (14 °F) in populated areas; they frequently rise above 30 °C (86 °F) in July and August. Precipitation falls all year round and the remnants of one or perhaps two typhoons usually pass through between August and October. The winters see heavy snowfall especially at higher elevations, though the Japan Sea coast (Sakata) is milder and has more rain. Snowfall for Shinjō is typical of populated mountainous areas, snowfall for Yamagata City typical of the valleys. The central mountains around Gassan may see as much as 3,000 centimetres (98.43 ft) of snow in a season with depths up to 8 metres (26 ft) at higher elevations.
| Climate data for Yamagata, Yamagata | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 18.1 (64.6) |
17.3 (63.1) |
23.7 (74.7) |
33.3 (91.9) |
33.4 (92.1) |
35.6 (96.1) |
40.8 (105.4) |
38.9 (102.0) |
36.1 (97.0) |
32.3 (90.1) |
26.9 (80.4) |
20.1 (68.2) |
40.8 (105.4) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 3 (37) |
4 (39) |
8 (46) |
16 (61) |
22 (72) |
25 (77) |
28 (82) |
30 (86) |
25 (77) |
19 (66) |
12 (54) |
6 (43) |
16 (61) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −4 (25) |
−4 (25) |
−1 (30) |
4 (39) |
10 (50) |
15 (59) |
19 (66) |
20 (68) |
16 (61) |
9 (48) |
3 (37) |
−1 (30) |
7 (45) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −20.0 (−4.0) |
−19.0 (−2.2) |
−15.5 (4.1) |
−7.3 (18.9) |
−1.8 (28.8) |
3.0 (37.4) |
6.7 (44.1) |
8.4 (47.1) |
3.0 (37.4) |
−2.4 (27.7) |
−7.2 (19.0) |
−15.0 (5.0) |
−20.0 (−4.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 75 (3.0) |
70 (2.8) |
67 (2.6) |
68 (2.7) |
81 (3.2) |
103 (4.1) |
144 (5.7) |
149 (5.9) |
134 (5.3) |
76 (3.0) |
81 (3.2) |
77 (3.0) |
1,125 (44.3) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | 163 (64) |
147 (58) |
71 (28) |
3 (1.2) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
12 (4.7) |
92 (36) |
491 (193) |
| Source: Japan Meteorological Agency[5] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Shinjō, Yamagata | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 13.3 (55.9) |
14.0 (57.2) |
19.5 (67.1) |
30.2 (86.4) |
33.5 (92.3) |
32.6 (90.7) |
36.9 (98.4) |
37.4 (99.3) |
33.9 (93.0) |
27.9 (82.2) |
22.5 (72.5) |
19.0 (66.2) |
37.4 (99.3) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 1 (34) |
2 (36) |
6 (43) |
14 (57) |
20 (68) |
24 (75) |
27 (81) |
29 (84) |
24 (75) |
18 (64) |
11 (52) |
4 (39) |
15 (59) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −4 (25) |
−4 (25) |
−2 (28) |
3 (37) |
9 (48) |
14 (57) |
19 (66) |
20 (68) |
15 (59) |
8 (46) |
3 (37) |
−1 (30) |
7 (45) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −19.6 (−3.3) |
−20.2 (−4.4) |
−16.5 (2.3) |
−9.3 (15.3) |
−2.1 (28.2) |
3.7 (38.7) |
7.6 (45.7) |
10.9 (51.6) |
4.1 (39.4) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
−5.8 (21.6) |
−15.2 (4.6) |
−20.2 (−4.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 181 (7.1) |
145 (5.7) |
112 (4.4) |
98 (3.9) |
107 (4.2) |
131 (5.2) |
186 (7.3) |
175 (6.9) |
153 (6.0) |
152 (6.0) |
195 (7.7) |
211 (8.3) |
1,843 (72.6) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | 283 (111) |
242 (95) |
134 (53) |
20 (7.9) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
28 (11) |
168 (66) |
878 (346) |
| Source: Japan Meteorological Agency[6] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Sakata, Yamagata | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 15.5 (59.9) |
21.6 (70.9) |
22.6 (72.7) |
28.6 (83.5) |
31.3 (88.3) |
31.8 (89.2) |
36.9 (98.4) |
40.1 (104.2) |
35.1 (95.2) |
30.9 (87.6) |
24.2 (75.6) |
19.0 (66.2) |
40.1 (104.2) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 4 (39) |
4 (39) |
8 (46) |
14 (57) |
19 (66) |
23 (73) |
27 (81) |
29 (84) |
25 (77) |
19 (66) |
13 (55) |
8 (46) |
16 (61) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −1 (30) |
−2 (28) |
1 (34) |
5 (41) |
11 (52) |
16 (61) |
20 (68) |
21 (70) |
17 (63) |
10 (50) |
5 (41) |
1 (34) |
9 (48) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −16.9 (1.6) |
−12.8 (9.0) |
−9.9 (14.2) |
−3.7 (25.3) |
−0.2 (31.6) |
7.5 (45.5) |
9.5 (49.1) |
13.2 (55.8) |
7.0 (44.6) |
1.4 (34.5) |
−5.1 (22.8) |
−12.5 (9.5) |
−16.9 (1.6) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 153 (6.0) |
115 (4.5) |
104 (4.1) |
106 (4.2) |
117 (4.6) |
128 (5.0) |
186 (7.3) |
176 (6.9) |
185 (7.3) |
174 (6.9) |
224 (8.8) |
202 (8.0) |
1,861 (73.3) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | 138 (54) |
120 (47) |
43 (17) |
1 (0.4) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
10 (3.9) |
64 (25) |
375 (148) |
| Source: Japan Meteorological Agency[7] | |||||||||||||
Economy
Fruit
Yamagata Prefecture is the largest producer of cherries and pears in Japan. A large quantity of other kinds of fruits such as grapes, apples, peaches, melons, persimmons and watermelons are also produced.
Demographics
As of October 2014, Yamagata Prefecture had a population of 1,131,000.[8] The prefecture also has one of the oldest populations in Japan. As of 2004, 12.8% of the population was aged between 65 and 74, and 12.1% was over 75 (the fourth and third highest in Japan, respectively).[9] Over 40% of households in Yamagata contain one or more relatives aged 65 or over (one of the three highest in Japan).[10]
Per Japanese census data,[11] and,[12] population of Yamagata has changed significantly with Yamagata 2020 having roughly same population as Yamagata 1930
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1890 | 742,600 | — |
| 1920 | 969,000 | +30.5% |
| 1930 | 1,080,000 | +11.5% |
| 1940 | 1,119,000 | +3.6% |
| 1950 | 1,357,347 | +21.3% |
| 1960 | 1,321,000 | −2.7% |
| 1970 | 1,226,000 | −7.2% |
| 1980 | 1,252,000 | +2.1% |
| 1990 | 1,258,000 | +0.5% |
| 2000 | 1,244,147 | −1.1% |
| 2010 | 1,168,924 | −6.0% |
| 2020 | 1,079,950 | −7.6% |
Culture
Festivals and events
Yamagata Prefecture has a number of annual festivals and events.
The largest is the Yamagata Hanagasa Festival (花笠祭り) which takes place in Yamagata City on the first weekend in August, when thousands of people perform the hanagasa dance in the city centre and attracts up to 300,000 spectators. Yamagata City is the home of the bi-annual Yamagata International Documentary Film Festival in October.
In February, a snow lantern festival is held in Yonezawa at the Uesugi Shrine. Hundreds of candle-lit lanterns light pathways dug into the snow around the shrine. Yonezawa is also the site of the Uesugi Festival (上杉祭り, uesugi matsuri) in mid-spring. The festival's highlight is a re-enactment of the Battle of Kawanakajima on the banks of the Matsukawa River.
In September, Yamagata Prefecture is famous for its imoni, a taro-root stew popular in Northern Japan during the autumn. Imonikai, taro-root soup parties, are very popular during this season, and many tourists come to Yamagata Prefecture specifically for its particular style of imoni.
Art
Beginning in 2003, Yamagata city officials with the aid of Tōhoku University of Art and Design began a three-year project in which the Buddhist art of the city's temples would be catalogued and compared to a set of guidelines in order to identify "cultural assets".[13] One hundred and ninety temples have had their works of art examined and several significant examples of Buddhist sculpture have been discovered. At Heisenji Temple, in the Hirashimizu district, a particularly rare statue, a seated Vairocana Buddha made from zelkova wood, was found. Other significant works include sculptures from the Heian period (794–1185) and Kamakura period (1192–1333).
The Yamagata Museum of Art, located in Yamagata City, was opened in 1964 through the efforts of a foundation led by Yoshio Hattori, the president of Yamagata Shimbun and Yamagata Broadcasting Co, Ltd. The permanent collection consists of three types of art: Japanese and Asian, regional, and French. Special exhibitions are held periodically.
Language
Yamagata Prefecture is known for its local dialect Yamagata-ben, sometimes thought of as backward sounding in other parts of Japan. The 2004 movie Swing Girls (スウィングガールズ), co-written and directed by Shinobu Yaguchi, is set in Yamagata and makes use of Yamagata-ben for comedic purposes.
Sports
The sports teams listed below are based in Yamagata.
Football (soccer)
Volleyball
Basketball
Transportation
Airports
- Yamagata Airport (Tokyo, Osaka, Nagoya, Sapporo by Japan Airlines)
- Shonai Airport (Tokyo, Osaka, Sapporo by All Nippon Airways)
Tourism
The temple of Yama-dera, carved into the mountainside near the city of Yamagata, is a major attraction.
The Dewa Sanzan are three holy mountains that form a traditional pilgrimage for followers of the Shugendō branch of Shintō. The famous Gojudo (five-story pagoda) is at the base of Mount Haguro, the lowest of the three mountains.
Mount Zaō is a famous winter ski resort, also known for its snow monsters (frozen snow-covered trees) in the winter, and the Okama crater lake, also known as the Goshiki Numa (Five Color Lake) because its colour changes according to the weather.
Yamadera niōmon
Mount Haguro, The Gojuto Pagoda
Ginzan Onsen Spa
Zaō Onsen Ski Resort
Notes
- Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Yamagata prefecture" in Japan Encyclopedia, pp. 1038-1039, p. 1038, at Google Books; "Tōhoku" in p. 970, p. 970, at Google Books
- Nussbaum, "Yamagata" in p. 1038, p. 1038, at Google Books
- Nussbaum, "Provinces and prefectures" in p. 780, p. 780, at Google Books
- 自然公園都道府県別面積総括 [General overview of area figures for Natural Parks by prefecture] (PDF) (in Japanese). Ministry of the Environment. 31 March 2020. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
- Yamagata Station, Japan Meteorological Agency
- Shinjo Station, Japan Meteorological Agency
- Sakata Station, Japan Meteorological Agency
- "Population by Prefecture (1920-2014)". Stat.go.jp. Archived from the original on 24 December 2015.
- "Table 12. Percentage of Population by Age (3 Groups) and Sex for Prefectures - Total population, October 1, 2004". Stat.go.jp. Archived from the original on May 20, 2005.
- "Statistical Maps of Japan - 2000 Population Census of Japan" (PDF). Stat.go.jp. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 18, 2006.
- Yamagata 1995-2020 population statistics
- Yamagata 1920-2000 population statistics
- "Yamagata: City unearths wealth of Buddhist Treasure". The Asahi Shimbun. December 5, 2006.
- "YIDFF Official Site". Yidff.jp. Retrieved 2014-02-14.
References
- Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; OCLC 58053128
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Yamagata prefecture. |
- Yamagata Prefecture Official Website (in Japanese)
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